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Author : Andrew W. Piston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (797 download)
Download or read book Hatchery Chum Salmon Straying Studies in Southeast Alaska, 2008-2010 written by Andrew W. Piston and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew W. Piston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Hatchery Chum Salmon Straying in Southeast Alaska, 2011 written by Andrew W. Piston and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Casey John McConnell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Straying, Stress, and Potential for Reproductive Interactions Between Hatchery-produced and Wild Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Southeast Alaska written by Casey John McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 1.5 billion juvenile hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are currently released each year into Alaskan waters with goals of enhancing important fisheries and minimizing detrimental impacts on wild stocks. As the abundance of hatchery-produced salmon has increased, so have concerns about hatchery-origin strays entering wild systems and interactions with wild individuals on the spawning grounds. The influx of non-native strays and their associated fitness-related traits can reduce the resilience and productivity of recipient wild stocks, and is likely to be most deleterious when disparities in population sizes and heritable phenotypic characteristics between wild and hatchery fish exist. Thus, understanding the ecological and life-history mechanisms that regulate gene flow between hatchery and wild populations is crucial for conservation and management strategies in areas where hatchery enhancement is common. Currently, the ecology of strays on the spawning grounds and proximate physiological factors associated with straying (e.g., stress) are not well known. In this thesis I examine, 1) differences and similarities in several fitness-related phenotypic traits between naturally produced (presumably wild local individuals) and stray hatchery-produced chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) that died on the spawning grounds of Sawmill Creek, a small watershed near Juneau, Alaska, and 2) physiological differences in cortisol concentrations and the frequency of crystalline (vaterite) structure of otoliths between straying and correctly homing salmon. Hatchery-strays comprised 51.4% of the adult chum salmon that returned to Sawmill Creek during the 2015 spawning season. Hatchery males and females returned approximately seven days later, were consistently smaller (10% for males, 6% for females) in length, and younger on average than their naturally-produced counterparts. Additionally, hatchery-produced females lived fewer days on the spawning grounds during the spawning season, and retained a higher proportion of their eggs than did naturally produced females. To explore the potential role of stress on straying, I compared cortisol samples and frequency of vaterite formation in otoliths among groups of hatchery-produced fish that homed to the hatchery, hatchery-produced fish that strayed to Sawmill Creek, and naturally produced chum salmon that presumably homed to Sawmill Creek. No significant differences in cortisol concentration were found among any groups, though differences between the sexes were detected. Males of all groups had significantly lower cortisol concentrations than did females. No differences in frequency of vaterite occurrence were found between hatchery-stray and hatchery-home groups, though both hatchery groups were higher than naturally produced groups, which is consistent with findings of other studies. Thermal marking while at the hatchery during early development was not associated with vaterite formation, and no difference in frequency of vaterite formation was observed among groups of varying mark intensities. Overall, these results revealed there was ample opportunity for reproductive interactions between stray hatchery-produced and naturally produced chum salmon in Sawmill Creek during the 2015 spawning season, and consistent differences in phenotypic traits suggests the potential for gene flow to alter population-level phenotypic variation. However, despite the potential for gene flow, these results also reveal potential barriers to introgression and indicate that at least some of the presumed locally adapted traits of the natural stock remain intact. It remains unknown what the characteristics of the wild stock were prior to regional hatchery production and the extent to which the traits of this population are reflections of genetic differences between the hatchery and wild groups or phenotypic plasticity. To the extent these results are generalizable, observed differences in fitness-related traits between naturally produced and stray hatchery-produced fish may underlie the reduced reproductive success often reported in the literature. There were no differences in cortisol concentrations and frequency of vaterite occurrence between hatchery chum salmon that strayed and those that homed correctly, and the frequency of vaterite occurrence of hatchery chum salmon did not change as thermal mark intensity increased, which suggests that thermal marking may not directly alter homing ability of adults or development of juveniles, at least via otolith formation. Despite not having an effect on straying, the consistent findings of higher frequency of vaterite occurrence in hatchery-produced fish compared to naturally produced counterparts highlight the need for future work to uncover the causal underlying mechanisms and implications of vaterite on survival of the 1.5 billion salmon released each year in Alaskan waters.
Author : Malika T. Brunette
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (895 download)
Download or read book Hatchery Chum Salmon Contribution to Southern Southeast Alaska Commercial Net Fisheries, 2006-2010 written by Malika T. Brunette and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Molly K. Payne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Predicting Stream Attractiveness to Stray Hatchery-origin Chum Salmon to Aid in Understanding Salmon Dispersal and Informing Hatchery Management written by Molly K. Payne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the processes underlying dispersal propensity in animal populations is a fundamental goal of ecologists. In metapopulations of wild Pacific (Oncorhynchus spp) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, hereafter collectively referred to as “salmon”), it is recognized that dispersal, or straying, exists in tandem with philopatry and provides benefits such as gene flow and colonization of new habitat. However, straying by hatchery-produced salmon into streams can negatively affect the genetic integrity and reproductive success of wild salmon populations. Straying by hatchery-origin salmon may also confound fishery management procedures around assessing wild spawner escapement, given the difficulty in identifying hatchery salmon in the field. A first step in mitigating and managing the consequences of straying by hatchery salmon is to understand where and why hatchery salmon stray. In this study, I described the relationship between the number of hatchery-origin strays received by streams and the characteristics of those streams based on the hypothesis that certain characteristics are attractive to hatchery strays. An extensive dataset documenting the number of stray hatchery-origin chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) that spawned in 57 streams in Southeast Alaska was produced from hundreds of field surveys conducted over a 10-year period 2008–2019. I used these data in a generalized linear mixed effects modeling framework to predict how “attractive” a given stream was to hatchery strays based on hypothesized influential stream characteristics, such as streamflow, distance and numbers of hatchery releases, and conspecific density. I found that some streams were more attractive than others to hatchery strays: 10 of 57 streams surveyed had mean observed attractiveness indices of 39 recipient strays over time (range: 12–115) in a given survey, while the remaining 47 sites only attracted two recipient strays on average (range: 0–8). Furthermore, stream attractiveness to hatchery strays was predicted to increase by 44% with a 1-SD (27.6 million) increase in the number of hatchery-origin chum salmon released near the stream and increase non-linearly with elevated levels of intra-annual variability (CV > 0.55) of stream discharge. These results corroborate results from other studies that distance to a source population (e.g., a hatchery release site) influences the number of dispersing immigrants, or strays, received by the stream. However, additional ecological factors such as streamflow also affect the distribution of hatchery strays, indicating that inclusion of distance is necessary but not sufficient for accurate prediction. In the second part of this study, I expanded predictions to 558 additional streams throughout Southeast Alaska in 2008–2019 and in a hypothetical future year given increased hatchery releases. Only a small subset of streams (~10%) was predicted to be attractive, with mean predicted attractiveness indices of 57 recipient hatchery strays (range: 9–600). Bootstrapped coefficients of variation described uncertainty around predictions. Uncertainty was modest for predictions for streams in 2008–2019 (CV range: 0.21–0.62) but high for predictions of hypothetical future stream attractiveness (CV range: 0.70–1.15). These results suggest that the predictive modeling framework may be useful in describing patterns of stream attractiveness beyond the spatial range of the observed data, but not beyond its temporal range. Taken together, the results of this study elucidate the role of stream ecology and spatial location in attracting dispersing hatchery-origin salmon and provide insight into how predictions of stream attractiveness may be incorporated into hatchery management.
Author : Malika T. Brunette
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Hatchery Chum Salmon Contribution to Southern Southeast Alaska Commercial Net Fisheries, 2011-2015 written by Malika T. Brunette and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southeast Alaska commercial chum salmon harvest increased dramatically over the past 3 decades, primarily due to hatchery production. Hatchery-reared chum salmon accounted for an average 73% of the total common property chum salmon harvest from 2001 to 2010 and 86% from 2011 to 2015. Methods used by hatchery operators to estimate contributions to mixed stock fisheries vary and have not all been described in published reports; likewise, detailed harvest information useful for managing mixed stock fisheries, such as weekly contributions by area, are not readily available. Southern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association otolith-marks 100% of their chum salmon releases and conducts a comprehensive commercial fisheries sampling program to estimate contributions to regional harvests. Our goal was to document the abundance and distribution of hatchery summer and fall chum salmon, as well as unmarked fish, in the southern Southeast Alaska mixed stock fisheries. From 2011 to 2015, hatchery chum salmon averaged 68% (approximately 908,000 fish) of the overall chum salmon harvest in the District 101–104 and 107 purse seine fisheries combined, and 80% (approximately 457,000 fish) of the District 101, 106, and 108 drift gillnet fisheries combined. Hatchery summer chum salmon harvests in most net fisheries peaked in statistical weeks 27–31 (late June through July). Hatchery fall chum salmon harvests were greatest in District 101 and 106 fisheries and typically peaked in statistical weeks 35–38 (late August to mid-September). Peak harvests of unmarked chum salmon occurred at similar times to marked fish in most cases, indicating that wild and hatchery stocks shared similar run timing in southern Southeast Alaska fisheries.
Author : Andrew W. Piston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)
Download or read book Chum Salmon Stock Status and Escapement Goals in Southeast Alaska Through 2019 written by Andrew W. Piston and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Southeast Alaska, chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) spawn in more than 1,200 streams. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game maintains a standardized survey program to index spawning chum salmon abundance at 87 summer-run and seven fall-run streams. Lower-bound sustainable escapement goals are established for summer-run stocks comprising aggregates of index streams over three broad subregions (Southern Southeast, Northern Southeast Inside, and Northern Southeast Outside), and sustainable escapement goal ranges are established for five fall-run stocks that support directed fisheries (Cholmondeley Sound, Port Camden, Security Bay, Excursion River, and Chilkat River). Summer-run chum salmon escapement goals were met in all of the past five years in the Southern Southeast Subregion, four of the past five years in the Northern Southeast Inside Subregion, and three of the past five years in the Northern Southeast Outside Subregion. Escapement goals were met for the five fall-run stocks 83% of the time over the past five years. No Southeast Alaska stocks of chum salmon currently meet the criteria for stocks of concern as defined by the State of Alaska’s Policy for the Management of Sustainable Salmon Fisheries (5 AAC 39.222). We reviewed chum salmon escapement goals and recommend no changes at this time. The annual common property harvest of chum salmon in Southeast Alaska averaged 7.7 million fish per year since 2010; hatchery-produced fish accounted for an average 86% of that harvest. Increased straying of hatchery chum salmon into streams in the Northern Southeast Outside Subregion from a new release site at Crawfish Inlet has complicated the assessment of wild chum salmon in that subregion and additional sampling is needed to determine the variation and geographic extent of straying from the new release site.
Author : Mark E. Stopha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Sawmill Creek Salmon Hatchery for Consistency with Statewide Policies and Prescribed Management Practices written by Mark E. Stopha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The salmon hatchery program in Alaska is governed by policies, plans, and regulations that emphasize protection of wild salmon stocks. A rotational series of hatchery evaluations will examine each hatchery for consistency with those policies and prescribed management practices. The evaluation includes a review of hatchery management plans and permits, an assessment of each hatchery program's consistency with statewide policies, and recommendations to address any deficiencies found. This report reviews the Sawmill Creek salmon hatchery (SCH) located in Sitka, Alaska. The hatchery was constructed in 2002-2003 by the Northern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Association, a regional private nonprofit aquaculture association. The hatchery serves as a satellite facility to Medvejie Creek Hatchery (MCH). Broodstock is collected at MCH and eggs transferred to SCH for incubation and hatching. Some fry are released at MCH for broodstock returns. Other releases are offsite. SCH is permitted to produce coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and chum salmon O. keta primarily for commercial harvest. Coho salmon releases are permitted from MCH and Deep Inlet. Chum salmon releases are permitted from Crawfish Inlet. A portion of the coho salmon releases are marked with coded wire tags and adipose finclip. All salmon incubated at SCH are thermal otolith marked. Coho and chum salmon are sampled in the commercial fisheries to assess contribution. Three area streams are monitored for straying. The basic management plan for the hatchery should be updated to reflect current hatchery operations. Language in the Phase III Southeast Alaska Comprehensive Salmon regarding hatchery operations in wilderness areas of the Tongass National Forest should be revisited by the Regional Planning Team for clarification to current federal law. Straying assessment methodology in Salmon Lake and Sawmill Creek should be reexamined to provide more meaningful data to achieve monitoring objectives.
Author : Danielle F. Evenson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Salmon Hatcheries in Alaska - a Review of the Implementation of Plans, Permits, and Policies Designed to Provide Protection for Wild Stocks written by Danielle F. Evenson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The salmon hatchery program in Alaska was initiated in the 1970s to rehabilitate depleted salmon fisheries. Learning from problems encountered with the robust hatchery programs in place in the Pacific Northwest, Alaska's program was envisioned and proactively designed to protect wild salmon stocks. Here we build upon a previous review of the precautionary plans, permits, and policies that have guided salmon enhancement in Alaska in a manner that protects wild stocks. These consist of development of rigorous permitting processes that includes genetics, pathology, and fishery management reviews; policies that require hatcheries to be located away from significant wild stocks; use of local brood sources; laws that give priority to wild stocks in fisheries; provisions for marking of hatchery fish; and as necessary, requirements for special studies on hatchery/wild stock interactions. Now that statewide annual production has largely stabilized, and amid rising concerns for effects on wild salmon populations, a review of the implementation of Alaska's precautionary approach is both timely and warranted. In this paper we explore procedures, practices, fishery management, and stock assessment relevant to the hatchery program for consistency with State of Alaska policies using two case studies--Southeast Alaska Chinook salmon and Prince William Sound pink salmon.
Author : Douglas H. Duncan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Navigating the Predator Gauntlet written by Douglas H. Duncan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) undergo extensive mortality at marine entry, a period which is believed to be a potential population bottleneck. Although this early mortality has been consistently observed, our understanding of the mechanisms responsible is limited. Furthermore, the implications of large-scale salmon hatchery releases for the ecology of juvenile chum salmon and their consumers is another important knowledge gap. To better understand the predation responses of abundant consumers to hatchery- and wild-born juvenile chum salmon, we examined the diets of Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) near Juneau, Alaska, in 2016 and 2017. Chum salmon composed 4.5% and 19.6% of the diets of staghorn sculpin and Dolly Varden by weight, respectively, and 88% of chum salmon individuals consumed were of hatchery origin. Chum salmon prey were shorter than average when compared to chum salmon concurrently collected by beach seine and hatchery releases of chum salmon. Regression analyses indicated that occurrence of juvenile chum salmon in diets varied primarily by date and site. Predation generally occurred more frequently at sites closer to hatchery release areas. The quantity of chum salmon in staghorn sculpin stomachs was related to predator length, chum salmon catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), and the proportion of hatchery fish present; however, date was the only important predictor explaining quantity of chum salmon in Dolly Varden stomachs. To translate diet data into consumption rate, we experimentally determined gastric evacuation rate for staghorn sculpin and implemented a field-based consumption model. Average daily consumption of chum salmon was low relative to all other prey groups. Estimates of average seasonal consumption of juvenile chum salmon by staghorn sculpins suggest that predator populations would have to be implausibly large to consume even 1% of local hatchery chum salmon production. Together, these results yield new insights into the interactions between the predators of wild-born and hatchery-born salmon during the critical stage of marine entry.
Author : Chester R. Mattson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (342 download)
Download or read book Chum Salmon Studies in Southeastern Alaska, 1963 written by Chester R. Mattson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dorothy Nevé Baker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)
Download or read book The Role of Kinship, Cultural Transmission, and Independent Innovation in Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) Predation on Hatchery-released Salmon in Southeast Alaska written by Dorothy Nevé Baker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, salmon hatcheries in Southeast Alaska (SEAK) have reported humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding on juvenile salmon during and after their release in late spring and early summer. Given that the abundance of humpback whales in SEAK is increasing at a rate of about 5.1% a year, this predation is likely to become an increasing problem. To gain a better understanding of why some individual whales prey on hatchery-released salmon, I investigated the role of kinship in this feeding behavior. I hypothesized that salmon-feeders would be closely related (e.g., mother and offspring) if this specialized predation was influenced by maternal experience. I used behavioral observations, long-term sighting histories, and genetic samples of humpback whales observed near Hidden Falls Hatchery during and after their release of chum and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus keta and O. kisutch) in May 2014 to compare life-history characteristics and estimate relatedness between individuals who fed on salmon and those who did not. I found that of the 22 unique individuals encountered during the study, only four were confirmed to be feeding on hatchery-released salmon. Of these four, I considered two -- IDs 2227 and 2571 -- to be "hatchery-salmon specialists." These individuals were encountered repeatedly during the study feeding on hatchery-released salmon and shared an unusual pattern of feeding behavior. ID 2571 had no sighting history before 2014, but ID 2227 has been observed near Hidden Falls in multiple years since 2008, suggesting localized site fidelity. A kinship analysis based on DNA profiles indicated that IDs 2227 and 2571 are not closely related, suggesting either cultural inheritance of hatchery-salmon predation, or independent innovation. Long-term studies of humpback presence at multiple hatcheries could determine whether our results hold true over time and space. If hatchery-salmon predation continues to spread through cultural transmission, humpback whales could have a significant impact on hatchery production.
Author : Alaska Sea Grant College Program
Publisher : Alaska Sea Grant College Program
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the 16th Northeast Pacific Pink and Chum Salmon Workshop, Juneau, Alaska, February 24-26, 1993 written by Alaska Sea Grant College Program and published by Alaska Sea Grant College Program. This book was released on 1994 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark E. Stopha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Sheep Creek Salmon Hatchery for Consistency with Statewide Policies and Prescribed Management Practices written by Mark E. Stopha and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The salmon hatchery program in Alaska is governed by policies, plans, and regulations that emphasize protection of wild salmon stocks. A rotational series of hatchery evaluations will examine each hatchery for consistency with those policies and prescribed management practices. The evaluation includes a review of hatchery management plans and permits, an assessment of each hatchery program?s consistency with statewide policies, and recommendations to address any deficiencies found. Management plans and permits were examined to determine whether they were current, consistent with each other, and accurately described hatchery operations. This report reviews the Sheep Creek Salmon Hatchery (SCH) operated by the Douglas Island Pink and Chum Incorporated (DIPAC), a private nonprofit corporation. The facility is located in Gastineau Channel on the Juneau waterfront in Southeast Alaska. SCH was constructed by DIPAC in 1980 and is currently permitted to rear coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbusha.The original broodstock for chum, pink, and coho salmon were from several area stocks. Juvenile salmon hatched at SCH were released from the hatchery and several release sites near Juneau. Chinook salmon smolts incubated and reared at other Southeast Alaska hatcheries were released from SCH saltwater netpens. Hatchery operations were largely discontinued beginning in 1997. There is no egg incubation at the site today, but chum salmon incubated at Macaulay Salmon Hatchery (MSH) are reared and released from saltwater netpens at Sheep Creek. Chum salmon capacity at SCH was transferred to MSH in 2001. The current capacity for coho salmon at SCH is 150,000 eggs. The permitted capacity for pink salmon is uncertain from review of hatchery permitting documents. The basic management plan for SCH should be updated to reflect the current status of the hatchery and to clarify the current permitted pink salmon egg capacity.
Author : Chester R. Mattson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (342 download)
Download or read book Chum Salmon Studies in Southeastern Alaska, 1961 written by Chester R. Mattson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark E. Stopha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (974 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Port St. Nicholas Salmon Hatchery for Consistency with Statewide Policies and Prescribed Management Practices written by Mark E. Stopha and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The salmon hatchery program in Alaska is governed by policies, plans, and regulations that emphasize protection of wild salmon stocks. A rotational series of hatchery evaluations will examine each hatchery for consistency with those policies and prescribed management practices. The evaluation includes a review of hatchery management plans and permits, an assessment of each hatchery program's consistency with statewide policies, and recommendations to address any deficiencies found. Management plans and permits were examined to determine whether they were current, consistent with each other, and accurately described hatchery operations. This report reviews the Port St. Nicholas salmon hatchery located in Craig, Alaska. The hatchery was constructed in 2005 by the Prince of Wales Hatchery Association, a private nonprofit aquaculture association. The hatchery serves as a central incubation site for release of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha into Port St. Nicholas and Coffman Cove on Prince of Wales Island. The hatchery is also permitted to release chum salmon O. keta from Port Asumcion on Baker Island but has yet to do so. No broodstock is collected from Port St. Nicholas salmon hatchery returns. Eggs will be received in perpetuity from approved facilities in the region. A portion of the Chinook salmon releases are marked with coded wire tags and an adipose fin clip. Chum salmon will be thermal otolith marked. Chinook salmon are sampled in the commercial and sport fisheries to assess hatchery contribution. Streams near the release sites are monitored for Chinook salmon straying. Since the hatchery permit was issued in 2004, the basic management plan for the hatchery should be updated with the hatchery permit amendments made since then, including the Coffman Cove Chinook salmon program and the chum salmon program.
Author : J. A. Raymond
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (342 download)
Download or read book Observations on the Emigration of Hatchery-produced Chum Salmon in the Noatak River, Alaska written by J. A. Raymond and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
