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Harbor Porpoise Bycatch Rates That Indicate Compliance With Pinger Regulations For The Northeast Gillnet Fishery
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Book Synopsis Harbor Porpoise Bycatch Rates that Indicate Compliance with Pinger Regulations for the Northeast Gillnet Fishery by : Debra L. Palka
Download or read book Harbor Porpoise Bycatch Rates that Indicate Compliance with Pinger Regulations for the Northeast Gillnet Fishery written by Debra L. Palka and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document provides additional analyses and documentation about some elements of the proposed revised Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP). To improve compliance with the HPTRP, and to reduce and maintain harbor porpoise bycatch below the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) level, the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team (HPTRT) proposed that a Consequence Closure Area be invoked if the observed 2-year average bycatch rate in an area exceeds the bycatch rate of pinger-compliant hauls observed between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2007. Two Consequence Closures Areas were proposed. This document presents the compliant bycatch rates, evaluates the effect on total bycatch when compliant bycatch rates are realized, defines how the 2-year average bycatch rate is to be calculated, and investigates the effect of an elevated bycatch rate in one year on the 2-year bycatch rate average"--Publication's home page.
Book Synopsis Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives by : Christopher Orphanides
Download or read book Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives written by Christopher Orphanides and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries using data from June 2009 through May 2010 (the 2009-2010 fishing season). The observed overall compliance rate with the HPTRP regulations was 46.3%. By region, the New England gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 43.0%, while the Mid-Atlantic gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 55.4%. Compliance with pinger regulations was determined solely by the number of pingers observed on a gillnet string; pinger functionality was not considered in the compliance rates because pinger functionality data for the 2009-2010 fishing season was limited to six trips. Bycatch rates from the 2009-2010 fishing season were compared to the regulations of the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP final rules, even though some of the 2010 HPTRP amendments were not implemented until March 22, 2010, and most were implemented after the completion of the 2009-2010 fishing season. All but two of the observed takes in the 2009-2010 fishing season occurred in times and areas that were either managed under the 1998 HPTRP regulations, or managed under the 2010 HPTRP amendments. Bycatch rates in the 2010 HPTRP areas associated with Consequence Closure Areas (CCAs) were well above the target rates that could trigger seasonal closures after the 2011-2012 fishing season. The bycatch rate in the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP Management Areas in nets that did not have the required number of pingers (0.058 harbor porpoise/mton landed) was higher than the bycatch rate from nets with the required number of pingers in the same times and areas (0.049 harbor porpoise/mton landed). However, the relative difference between these two rates has been greater in previous years. Pingers still appeared to reduce bycatch of harbor porpoises, although it was not possible to determine how many of the pingers deployed were actually functional and what the true bycatch rate was when a full set of working pingers was used"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives by : Christopher Orphanides
Download or read book Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives written by Christopher Orphanides and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries using data from June 2008 through May 2009 (the 2008-2009 fishing year). The observed overall compliance rate with the 1998 HPTRP regulations, which were in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season, was 53.2%. Dividing the fisheries by region, the New England gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 51.9%, and the Mid-Atlantic gillnet fishery had a compliance rate of 56.3%. Bycatch rates from the 2008-2009 fishing season were also examined relative to the 1998 and 2010 HPTRPs, even though the 2010 HPTRP amendments were not yet in place. Observed bycatch rates were much higher in the new management areas (MAs) implemented through the 2010 HPTRP amendments (which were not in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season) as compared to the observed bycatch rate in the 1998 HPTRP MAs. In the New England fishery, the observed bycatch rate in 2010 HPTRP MAs that are not included in the 1998 HPTRP (0.171 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) was over seven times the observed rate in the 1998 HPTRP MAs (0.023 harbor porpoises/mtons landed). Correspondingly, 59.5% (22 of 37) of the observed takes in the 2008-2009 fishing season occurred in the times and areas which will be managed under the 2010 HPTRP but are not managed under the 1998 HPTRP. Bycatch rates in the 2010 HPTRP areas associated with Consequence Closure Areas (CCAs) were well above future target rates that would trigger seasonal closures. The bycatch rate (0.101 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) in the 1998 and 2010 HPTRP MAs in nets that did not have the required number of pingers, was almost three times higher than the bycatch rate (0.035 harbor porpoise/mtons landed) from pingered nets in the same times and areas. This indicates that pingers still appear to reduce bycatch of harbor porpoises, although it is not possible to currently determine how many of the pingers were actually functional. Hypothetically, if the 2010 HPTRP amendments had been in place during the 2008-2009 fishing season and there was full compliance with the 2010 HPTRP, then it is predicted that the observed bycatch could have been reduced by 35-46%. Total estimated bycatch for the entire US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries (as compared to the subset observed by the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program) would likely also decrease by a similar amount"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives by : Christopher Orphanides
Download or read book Update on Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan Monitoring Initiatives written by Christopher Orphanides and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) compliance and bycatch rate analyses are updated for US Northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries data from June 2007 through May 2008. These updates stem from the recent Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team (HPTRT) meeting (December 17-19, 2007) and follow-up conference call (January 31, 2008). Updates are also provided for pinger tester development and HPTRP enforcement for the period from January of 2008 through July 2009. The observed compliance rate with HPTRP regulations for the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries was 62.2%. Bycatch rates in areas that would trigger closures under the proposed modifications to the HPTRP were significantly higher than the proposed target bycatch rates. The combined bycatch rate in times and areas that would trigger the Gulf of Maine Consequence Closure Area (CCA) was 0.067 harbor porpoise takes per metric ton landed, over twice the proposed target bycatch rate (0.031). Bycatch rates in the proposed Southern New England Management Area (MA) (0.096) were over four times the proposed target rate (0.023). Exceeding these proposed target bycatch rates in two consecutive management seasons would result in closures of the corresponding CCAs. Over 97% of the incidental takes observed occurred in times and areas of existing or proposed management measures, with over 80% occurring in newly proposed times and areas. This suggests that proposed HPTRP modifications are targeted towards appropriate times and in the appropriate areas to reduce bycatch. Bycatch rates in existing MAs, in nets that had the required number of pingers, were about half that of non-pingered nets in the same times and areas. If proposed HPTRP modifications had been in place during the 2007-2008 management season, it is conservatively estimated that observed bycatch could have been reduced by 58% with full compliance. Limited pinger testing showed that 88% of pingers tested were working. Steps are also being taken to improve pinger testers and enforcement efforts"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis 2010-2011 HPTRP Consequential Bycatch and Compliance Rates by : Christopher Orphanides
Download or read book 2010-2011 HPTRP Consequential Bycatch and Compliance Rates written by Christopher Orphanides and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The New England component of the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) requires the use of specified acoustic deterrent devices (known as pingers) on sink gillnet gear to reduce incidental entanglement of harbor porpoise during the course of sink gillnet fishing operations. The 2010-2011 HPTRP gillnet management season for the New England component of the HPTRP was the first season for which harbor porpoise bycatch rates were evaluated against 2010 HPTRP target bycatch rates to inform decisions regarding Consequence Closure Areas (CCAs); if the average bycatch rate from two consecutive management seasons in CCAassociated areas exceeds the HPTRP target bycatch rates, the HPTRP calls for seasonal closure of the relevant CCA(s). Bycatch rates and HPTRP compliance rates were calculated for the Coastal Gulf of Maine (CGOM) and Southern New England (SNE) CCA-associated areas. With the addition of the At-Sea Monitor (ASM) data source in 2010, bycatch rates were calculated in two ways: using only the traditional Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP) data and using a combination of the NEFOP and ASM data. For the CGOM CCA-associated areas, the NEFOP-only and joint NEFOP-ASM bycatch rates were the very similar, and both exceeded the target bycatch rate of 0.031. The CGOM CCA-associated areas NEFOP-only bycatch rate was 0.078 harbor porpoise per mton of landings, and the joint NEFOP-ASM bycatch rate was 0.074. For the SNE CCA-associated area the NEFOP-only bycatch rate of 0.012 was below the target bycatch rate of 0.023 harbor porpoise per mton of landings, though the joint NEFOP-ASM bycatch rate of 0.048 was above the target bycatch rate. Due to larger sample sizes and corresponding lower CVs, the joint NEFOP-ASM bycatch rates were considered to be more accurate. Differences between the two SNE CCA-associated area bycatch rates were considered to be due primarily to sample size, inter-annual variability, and chance. Full pinger deployment in the CGOM CCA-associated areas (where full deployment is considered having the correct number of pingers per net string regardless of pinger functionality) occurred on 82.5% of observed hauls. However, when pinger functionality was taken into consideration, HPTRP pinger compliance dropped to 41.2%. Full pinger deployment (again, regardless of pinger functionality) in the SNE CCA-associated area occurred on 64.7% of observed hauls and HPTRP pinger compliance remained at that level when pinger functionality was taken into consideration. Overall bycatch rates in the CGOM and SNE CCA-associated areas were similar to past years, though bycatch rates on hauls with the correct number of pingers deployed (regardless of functionality) were higher than expected. High bycatch rates on hauls with the correct number of pingers were attributed to a high degree of non-functioning pingers on these hauls. High bycatch rates relative to CCA target rates are attributed primarily to continued poor compliance with pinger deployment and functionality requirements"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Protected Marine Species: Concepts in Research and Management by : Kristy Wallmo
Download or read book The Economics of Protected Marine Species: Concepts in Research and Management written by Kristy Wallmo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protected marine species have populations that are depleted, decreasing, or are at-risk of extinction or local extirpation. As of 2015 The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a global environmental organization, lists approximately 737 marine species worldwide that are considered at risk of extinction. Many are provided legal protection through national laws requiring research and management measures aimed at recovering and maintaining the species at a sustainable population level. Integral to the policy decision process involving the management and recovery of marine species is the consideration of trade-offs between the economic and ecological costs and benefits of protection. This suggests that economics, at its core the study of trade-offs, has a significant role. In the U.S. a somewhat traditional use of economics in protected species research and management has involved cost minimization or cost-effectiveness analyses to help select or prioritize conservation actions. Economic research has also provided estimates of public non-market benefits of recovering species, which can be used in larger management frameworks such as ecosystem based management and coastal and marine spatial planning. Inherent in much of this research, however, are complex biological and ecological relationships in which varying degrees of scientific uncertainty are present. Addressing this type of uncertainty can affect the economic outcomes related to protected species. For example, recent work suggests that increasing scientific precision in biological sampling and models can greatly affect the magnitude of economic benefits to commercial fisheries, while other research suggests that public non-market benefits of species recovery are sensitive to uncertainty about baseline population estimates. Previous research has illustrated the importance of understanding the biological, ecological, and economic aspects of protected species management and recovery. In this research topic we synthesize current protected marine species economic research and expand the discussion on present and future challenges related to protected species economics. The series of manuscripts brings together an array of prominent researchers and advances our understanding of the ecological and economic aspects of managing and recovering protected marine species.
Book Synopsis Modifications to the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan by :
Download or read book Modifications to the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This supplemental Environmental Assessment (EA) updates the previously approved Final EA (September 24, 2009; attached) that analyzed the environmental effects of implementing modifications to the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) to reduce the serious injury and mortality of the Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy stock of harbor porpoises due to interactions with commercial gillnet fisheries in the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions"--Page 2.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimates of Cetacean and Pinniped Bycatch in the 2015 New England Sink and Mid-Atlantic Gillnet Fisheries by : Christopher Orphanides
Download or read book Estimates of Cetacean and Pinniped Bycatch in the 2015 New England Sink and Mid-Atlantic Gillnet Fisheries written by Christopher Orphanides and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides estimated bycatch of 5 species of small cetaceans and pinnipeds bycaught in the New England sink (NESG) and Mid-Atlantic (MAG) gillnet fisheries. The 2015 total serious injuries and mortalities in the NESG fishery were 177 (coefficient of variation [CV] =0.28) harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena phocoena), 55 (CV= 0.54) short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinusdelphis delphis), 1021 (CV = 0.25) gray seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus), 474 (CV = 0.17) harbor seals (Phocavitulina concolor), and 119 (CV = 0.34) harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). The NESG estimates are based on observed bycatch consisting of 23 harbor porpoises, 3 short-beaked common dolphins, 131 gray seals, 87 harbor seals, and 12 harp seals. The 2015 total serious injuries and mortalities in the MAG fishery were 33 (CV = 1.16) harbor porpoises, 30 (CV= 0.55) short-beaked common dolphins, 15 (CV = 1.04) gray seals, and 48 (CV = 0.52) harbor seals. The MAG estimates are based on observed bycatch consisting of 2 harbor porpoises, 3 short-beaked common dolphins, 1 gray seal, and 5 harbor seals. Compliance with the 2010 Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan pinger regulations was 86% in 2015, where compliance refers to the correct number of pingers used, not the pingers' functionalit y. Compliance rates in the 2015 MAG fishery were low for large mesh gillnets (55%) and relatively high for small mesh gillnets (87%).
Book Synopsis Identifying Potential Modifications to Sink Gillnet Gear to Reduce Harbor Porpoise Bycatch by : T. Frady
Download or read book Identifying Potential Modifications to Sink Gillnet Gear to Reduce Harbor Porpoise Bycatch written by T. Frady and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Discards in the World's Marine Fisheries by : Kieran Kelleher
Download or read book Discards in the World's Marine Fisheries written by Kieran Kelleher and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication gives an updated review of the quantity of discards in the world's marine fisheries, using information from a broad range of fisheries in all continents. A number of policy issues are discussed including a 'no discards' approach to fisheries management, the need for balance between bycatch reduction and bycatch utilisation initiatives, and concerns arising from incidental catches of marine mammals, birds and reptiles. The report also highlights the need for more robust methods of estimating discards, and the development of bycatch management plans.
Book Synopsis Marine Mammal Welfare by : Andy Butterworth
Download or read book Marine Mammal Welfare written by Andy Butterworth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals attract human interest – sometimes this interest is benign or positive – whale watching, conservation programmes for whales, seals, otters, and efforts to clear beaches of marine debris are seen as proactive steps to support these animals. However, there are many forces operating to affect adversely the lives of whales, seals, manatees, otters and polar bears – and this book explores how the welfare of marine mammals has been affected and how they have adapted, moved, responded and sometimes suffered as a result of the changing marine and human world around them. Marine mammal welfare addresses the welfare effects of marine debris, of human traffic in the oceans, of noise, of hunting, of whale watching and tourism, and of some of the less obvious impacts on marine mammals – on their social structures, on their behaviours and migration, and also of the effects on captivity for animals kept in zoos and aquaria. There is much to think and talk about – how marine mammals respond in a world dramatically influenced by man, how are their social structures affected and how is their welfare impacted?
Book Synopsis Dolphins, Whales, and Porpoises by : Randall R. Reeves
Download or read book Dolphins, Whales, and Porpoises written by Randall R. Reeves and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seabird Bycatch by : Edward F. Melvin
Download or read book Seabird Bycatch written by Edward F. Melvin and published by Alaska Sea Grant College Program. This book was released on 2001 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seabird Bycatch significantly adds to the knowledge base of seabird mortality in commercial fisheries, and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive solutions. The product of a 1999 symposium held by the Pacific Seabird Group, Seabird Bycatch is a response to escalating bycatch, a global conservation and fisheries management issue.
Book Synopsis Small Cetacean Conservation: Current Challenges and Opportunities by : Randall William Davis
Download or read book Small Cetacean Conservation: Current Challenges and Opportunities written by Randall William Davis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-23 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Evaluation and Biological Reference Points for Fisheries Management by : National Research Council Canada
Download or read book Risk Evaluation and Biological Reference Points for Fisheries Management written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented: 1) Reference points for fisheries management: the western Canadian experience; 2) Reference points for fisheries management: the eastern Canadian experience; 3) Reference points for fisheries management: the ICES experience; 4) Spawning stock biomass per recruit in fisheries management: foundation and current use; 5) The development of a management procedure for the South African anchovy resource; 6) How much spawning per recruit is enough?; 7) The behaviour of Flow, Fmed and Fhigh in response to variation in parameters used for their estimation; 8) The Barents Sea capelin stock collapse: a lesson to learn; 9) Variance estimates for fisheries assessment: their importance and how best to evaluate them; 10) Evaluating the accuracy of projected catch estimates from sequential population analysis and trawl survey abundance estimates; 11) Bootstrap estimates of ADAPT parameters, their projection in risk analysis and their retrospective patterns; 12) Analytical estimates of reliability for the projected yield from commercial fisheries; 13) Risk evaluation of the 10% harvest rate procedure for capelin in NAFO Division 3L; 14) Using jackknife and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to evaluate forecast models for Atlantic salmon; 15) Monte Carlo evaluation of risks for biological reference points used in New Zealand fishery assessments; 16) A comparison of event free risk analysis to Ricker spawner-recruit simulation: an example with Atlantic menhaden; 17) Choosing a management strategy for stock rebuilding when control is uncertain; 18) Risks and uncertainties in the management of a single-cohort squid fishery: the Falkland Islands Illex fishery as an example; 19) Risks of over- and under-fishing new resources; 20) Estimation of density-dependent natural mortality in British Columbia herring stocks through SSPA and its impact on sustainable harvesting strategies; 21) The comparative performance of production-model and ad hoc tuned VPA based feedback-control management procedures for the stock of Cape hake off the west coast of Africa; 22) A proposal for a threshold stock size and maximum fishing mortality rate; 23) Biological reference points for Canadian Atlantic gadoid stocks; 24) Stochastic locally-optimal harvesting; 25) ITQ based fisheries management; 26) Bioeconomic methods for determining TACs; 27) Management strategies: fixed or variable catch quotas; 28) Bioeconomic impacts of TAC adjustment strategies: a model applied to northern cod; 29) Experimental management programs for two rockfish stocks off British Columbia; 30)A brief overview of the experimental approach to reducing uncertainty in fisheries management; 31) Fisheries management organizations: a study of uncertainty.
Book Synopsis Overview of mitigation measures to reduce the incidental catch of vulnerable species in fisheries by : Sacchi, J.
Download or read book Overview of mitigation measures to reduce the incidental catch of vulnerable species in fisheries written by Sacchi, J. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potentially harmful contact between fisheries and marine vulnerable species represents a global conservation issue and efforts to mitigate the negative repercussions of these interactions belong in strategies for ensuring the sustainability of fisheries. This literature review offers a survey of mitigation measures and techniques that have been developed and tested around the world, aiming to address both the incidental catch of highly mobile species – specifically, cetaceans, seabirds, sharks and rays, and sea turtles – and depredation caused by dolphins. Based on research detailed in over 300 documents, including peer-reviewed publications, reports from international organizations and papers available on the internet, most of the mitigation techniques illustrated are still under development, with only a few already adopted through legislation. The selected mitigation measures are grouped by main types of fishing gear – gillnets and trammel nets, longlines and lines, trawls, purse seines, traps and pots – and further subdivided according to which of the four main groups of vulnerable species – cetaceans, seabirds, sharks and rays, or sea turtles – they are designed to protect. Preventive and curative approaches covering both technical measures (gear modifications, strategies, as well as acoustic, visual, magnetic and chemosensory deterrents) and management measures are described.
