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Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study
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Book Synopsis Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study by :
Download or read book Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxalic, glyoxylic, glycolic, malonic, pyruvic, lactic, levulinic, and citric acids as well as glycine have been evaluated as possible substitutes for formic acid in the preparation of feed for the Hanford waste vitrification plant using a non-radioactive feed stimulant UGA-12M1 containing substantial amounts of aluminum and iron oxides as well as nitrate and nitrite at 90C in the presence of hydrated rhodium trichloride. Unlike formic acid none of these carboxylic acids liberate hydrogen under these conditions and only malonic and citric acids form ammonia. Glyoxylic, glycolic, malonic, pyruvic, lactic, levulinic, and citric acids all appear to have significant reducing properties under the reaction conditions of interest as indicated by the observation of appreciable amounts of N2O as a reduction product of, nitrite or, less likely, nitrate at 90C. Glyoxylic, pyruvic, and malonic acids all appear to be unstable towards decarboxylation at 90C in the presence of Al(OH)3. Among the carboxylic acids investigated in this study the [alpha]-hydroxycarboxylic acids glycolic and lactic acids appear to be the most interesting potential substitutes for formic acid in the feed preparation for the vitrification plant because of their failure to produce hydrogen or ammonia or to undergo decarboxylation under the reaction conditions although they exhibit some reducing properties in feed stimulant experiments.
Book Synopsis Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study by : R. B. King
Download or read book Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study written by R. B. King and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study by :
Download or read book Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) is being designed for the Departrnent of Energy (DOE) to immobilize pretreated highly radioactive wastes in glass for permanent disposal in the HWVP, formic acid is added to the waste before vitrification to adjust glass redox and melter feed rheology. The operation of the glass melter and durability of the glass are affected by the glass oxidation state. Formation of a conductive metallic sludge in an over-reduced melt can result in a shortened melter lifetime. An over-oxidized melt may lead to foaming and loss of ruthenium as volatile RuO4. Historically, foaming in the joule heated ceramic melter has been attributed to gas generation in the melt which is controlled by instruction of a reductant such as formic acid into the melter feed. Formic acid is also found to decrease the melter feed viscosity thereby facilitating pumping. This technical report discusses the noble metal catalyzed formic acid reduction of nitrite and/or nitrate to ammonia, a problem of considerable concern because of the generation of a potential ammonium nitrate explosion hazard in the plant ventilation system.
Book Synopsis Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation by :
Download or read book Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Hydrogen Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most promising method for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear wastes is a vitrification process in which the wastes are incorporated into borosilicate glass logs, the logs are sealed into welded stainless steel canisters, and the canisters are buried in suitably protected burial sites for disposal. The purpose of the research supported by the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) project of the Department of Energy through Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and summarized in this report was to gain a basic understanding of the hydrogen generation process and to predict the rate and amount of hydrogen generation during the treatment of HWVP feed simulants with formic acid. The objectives of the study were to determine the key feed components and process variables which enhance or inhibit the.production of hydrogen. Information on the kinetics and stoichiometry of relevant formic acid reactions were sought to provide a basis for viable mechanistic proposals. The chemical reactions were characterized through the production and consumption of the key gaseous products such as H2. CO2, N20, NO, and NH3. For this mason this research program relied heavily on analyses of the gases produced and consumed during reactions of the HWVP feed simulants with formic acid under various conditions. Such analyses, used gas chromatographic equipment and expertise at the University of Georgia for the separation and determination of H2, CO, CO2, N2, N2O and NO.
Book Synopsis Modeling Hydrogen Generation Rates in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant by :
Download or read book Modeling Hydrogen Generation Rates in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes a project in which Hanford Site and Environmental Management Science Program investigators addressed issues concerning hydrogen generation rates in the Hanford waste treatment and immobilization plant. The hydrogen generation rates of radioactive wastes must be estimated to provide for safe operations. While an existing model satisfactorily predicts rates for quiescent wastes in Hanford underground storage tanks, pretreatment operations will alter the conditions and chemical composition of these wastes. Review of the treatment process flowsheet identified specific issues requiring study to ascertain whether the model would provide conservative values for waste streams in the plant. These include effects of adding hydroxide ion, alpha radiolysis, saturation with air (oxygen) from pulse-jet mixing, treatment with potassium permanganate, organic compounds from degraded ion exchange resins and addition of glass-former chemicals. The effects were systematically investigated through literature review, technical analyses and experimental work.
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Noble Metal Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid in Nitrite-containing Simulated Nuclear Waste Media by :
Download or read book Noble Metal Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid in Nitrite-containing Simulated Nuclear Waste Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulants for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) feed containing the major non-radioactive components Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Nd, Ni, Si, Zr, Na, CO32−, NO3-, and NO2- were used as media to evaluate the stability of formic acid towards hydrogen evolution by the reaction HCO2H --> H2 + CO2 catalyzed by the noble metals Ru, Rh, and/or Pd found in significant quantities in uranium fission products. Small scale experiments using 40-50 mL of feed simulant in closed glass reactors (250-550 mL total volume) at 80-100°C were used to study the effect of nitrite and nitrate ion on the catalytic activities of the noble metals for formic acid decomposition. Reactions were monitored using gas chromatography to analyze the CO2, H2, NO, and N2O in the gas phase as a function of time. Rhodium, which was introduced as soluble RhCl3·3H2O, was found to be the most active catalyst for hydrogen generation from formic acid above (almost equal to)80°C in the presence of nitrite ion in accord with earlier observations. The inherent homogeneous nature of the nitrite-promoted Rh-catalyzed formic acid decomposition is suggested by the approximate pseudo first-order dependence of the hydrogen production rate on Rh concentration. Titration of the typical feed simulants containing carbonate and nitrite with formic acid in the presence of rhodium at the reaction temperature ((almost equal to)90°C) indicates that the nitrite-promoted Rh-catalyzed decomposition of formic acid occurs only after formic acid has reacted with all of the carbonate and nitrite present to form CO2 and NO/N2O, respectively. The catalytic activities of Ru and Pd towards hydrogen generation from formic acid are quite different than those of Rh in that they are inhibited rather than promoted by the presence of nitrite ion.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-10 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Documentation of Hanford Site Independent Review of the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Preliminary Safety Analysis Report by :
Download or read book Documentation of Hanford Site Independent Review of the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Preliminary Safety Analysis Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1992: Department of the Army by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1992: Department of the Army written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Noble Metal-catalyzed Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Processes in Treating Simulated Nuclear Waste Media with Formic Acid by :
Download or read book Noble Metal-catalyzed Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Processes in Treating Simulated Nuclear Waste Media with Formic Acid written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulants for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant feed containing the major non-radioactive components Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Nd, Ni, Si, Zr, Na, CO32-, NO3-, and NO2- were used to study reactions of formic acid at 90°C catalyzed by the noble metals Ru, Rh, and/or Pd found in significant quantities in uranium fission products. Such reactions were monitored using gas chromatography to analyze the CO2, H2, NO, and N2O in the gas phase and a microammonia electrode to analyze the NH4+/NH3 in the liquid phase as a function of time. The following reactions have been studied in these systems since they are undesirable side reactions in nuclear waste processing: (1) Decomposition of formic acid to CO2 + H2 is undesirable because of the potential fire and explosion hazard of H2. Rhodium, which was introduced as soluble RhCl3-3H2O, was found to be the most active catalyst for H2 generation from formic acid above (approximately) 80°C in the presence of nitrite ion. The H2 production rate has an approximate pseudo first-order dependence on the Rh concentration, (2) Generation of NH3 from the formic acid reduction of nitrate and/or nitrite is undesirable because of a possible explosion hazard from NH4NO3 accumulation in a waste processing plant off-gas system. The Rh-catalyzed reduction of nitrogen-oxygen compounds to ammonia by formic acid was found to exhibit the following features: (a) Nitrate rather than nitrite is the principal source of NH3. (b) Ammonia production occurs at the expense of hydrogen production. (c) Supported rhodium metal catalysts are more active than rhodium in any other form, suggesting that ammonia production involves heterogeneous rather than homogeneous catalysis.
Book Synopsis Final Technical Report: Atmospheric Emission Analysis for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant by :
Download or read book Final Technical Report: Atmospheric Emission Analysis for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is an assessment of chemical and radiological effluents that are expected to be released to the atmosphere from the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP). The report is divided into two sections. In the first section, the impacts of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides as NO[sub 2] have been estimated for areas within the Hanford Site boundary. A description of the dispersion model used to-estimate CO and NO[sub 2] average concentrations and Hanford Site meteorological data has been included in this section. In the second section, calculations were performed to estimate the potential radiation doses to a maximally exposed off-site individual. The model used to estimate the horizontal and vertical dispersion of radionuclides is also discussed.
