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Habituation
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Download or read book Habituation written by Harman Peeke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habituation Volume I is a collection of papers about the phenomenon of habituation, the waning of responsiveness to repeated or constant stimulation, from different experts on the field. The book covers topics such as the nature of habituation; the behavioral habituation of different invertebrates; fish with special reference to intraspecific aggressive behavior, and lower tetrapod vertebrates such as amphibians and reptiles. Also covered is the species-meaningful analysis of habituation, the relationship of habituation with habituality and conditioning; the dual-process theory of habituation and evidence for the dual-process theory. The text is recommended for biologists and zoologists who are interested with the process of habituation, the factors that affect it, its effects on behavior, its development in different animal species, its analysis, and its underlying theories.
Download or read book Habituation written by Thomas J. Tighe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1976, this volume is based on a conference held in 1974. The purpose of the conference was to foster communication between those researchers studying habituation or closely related processes in children and those studying habituation at the level of neurophysiology and animal behaviour. Within each of these groups there was burgeoning interest in habituation, yet there had been little, if any, interaction between them. Overall, this volume provides a medium for cross-fertilization between animal-neurophysiological and developmental research on habituation, highlighting some of the current empirical and theoretical concerns within each area at the time. While other volumes may have provided more comprehensive and detailed reviews of aspects of habituation, the juxtaposition of developmental and animal neuro-physiological research provided in this text was unique in the literature at the time.
Download or read book Habituation written by Thomas J. Tighe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1976, this volume is based on a conference held in 1974. The purpose of the conference was to foster communication between those researchers studying habituation or closely related processes in children and those studying habituation at the level of neurophysiology and animal behaviour. Within each of these groups there was burgeoning interest in habituation, yet there had been little, if any, interaction between them. Overall, this volume provides a medium for cross-fertilization between animal-neurophysiological and developmental research on habituation, highlighting some of the current empirical and theoretical concerns within each area at the time. While other volumes may have provided more comprehensive and detailed reviews of aspects of habituation, the juxtaposition of developmental and animal neuro-physiological research provided in this text was unique in the literature at the time.
Book Synopsis Habituation mechanisms and their impact on cognitive function by : Susanne Schmid
Download or read book Habituation mechanisms and their impact on cognitive function written by Susanne Schmid and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habituation describes the progressive decrease of the amplitude or frequency of a motor response to repeated sensory stimulation that is not caused by sensory receptor adaptation or motor fatigue. Habituation can occur in different time scales: habituation within a testing session has been termed short-term habituation, whereas habituation across testing sessions has been termed long-term habituation. Generally, the more spaced the stimuli for inducing habituation are presented (i.e. the slower habituation is induced), the longer it seems to take to recover the behavioural response to its initial magnitude. Habituation is opposed by behavioural sensitization, which is thought to be an independent mechanism that leads to an increased behavioural response, especially if the sensory stimulus is annoying or aversive. Habituation provides an important mechanism for filtering sensory information, as it allows filtering out irrelevant stimuli and thereby focussing on important stimuli, a prerequisite for many cognitive tasks. The importance is demonstrated in mental disorders that are associated with disruptions in habituation, e.g. schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. The inability to filter out irrelevant information in patients with these disorders strongly correlates with disruptions in higher cognitive functions, such as in different types of memory and attention. Habituation is also considered to be the most basic form of non-associative implicit learning, and it can be observed throughout the animal kingdom. Based on the importance of habituation for cognitive function and therefore for the survival of an animal, it is assumed that habituation mechanisms are highly conserved across species. On the other hand, there is emerging evidence for a multitude of homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms underlying habituation, depending on the modality of sensory stimulation, the level of sensory information processing where habituation occurs, and the temporal composition of sensory stimulation. Eric Kandel used the sea hare Aplysia in order to study habituation mechanisms of the gill withdrawal reflex; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive to date. A multitude of different organisms, behaviours, and experimental approaches have been used since in order to study habituation, but still surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms. New insights also come from an unexpected side: in the recent past, groups that have been studying molecular mechanisms underlying short- and long-term synaptic plasticity phenomenons in different parts of the rodent brain are starting to link these plasticity processes to behavioural habituation. The scope of this Frontier Research Topic is to give an overview over the concept of habituation, different animal and behavioural models used for studying habituation mechanisms, as well as the different synaptic and molecular processes suggested to play a role in behavioural habituation through Original Research Articles, Methods, Hypothesis & Theory Articles, and Reviews.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology by : Neil J. Salkind
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-01-17 with total page 1209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of educational psychology draws from a variety of diverse disciplines including human development across the life span, measurement and statistics, learning and motivation, and teaching. And within these different disciplines, many other fields are featured including psychology, anthropology, education, sociology, public health, school psychology, counseling, history, and philosophy. In fact, when taught at the college or university level, educational psychology is an ambitious course that undertakes the presentation of many different topics all tied together by the theme of how the individual can best function in an "educational" setting, loosely defined as anything from pre-school through adult education. Educational psychology can be defined as the application of what we know about learning and motivation, development, and measurement and statistics to educational settings (both school- and community-based).
Book Synopsis Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior by : Harman Peeke
Download or read book Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior written by Harman Peeke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior reviews some of the important advances that have been made toward understanding the mechanisms underlying, and the significance of, the phenomena traditionally associated with habituation, sensitization, and behavior in intact organisms. Habituation and sensitization are used to refer to underlying theoretical processes, and behavior changes are described at the response level. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of approaches, constructs, and terminology used in the study of response change in the intact organism. The discussion then turns to a two-factor dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization, together with a theory of the mechanism of habituation that emphasizes the assignment of responses to stimuli. Subsequent chapters explore the link between memory and habituation; statistical strategies for analyzing repeated-measures data; cellular approaches used in the analysis of habituation and sensitization in Aplysia; and intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of habituation and sensitization. The habituation of central nervous system evoked potentials is also considered, with particular reference to intrinsic habituation in the neocortex, allocortex, and mesencephalon. The final chapter is devoted to evolutionary determination of response likelihood and habituation. This monograph should be of interest to practitioners in the fields of behavioral biology, psychobiology, psychology, and psychiatry.
Book Synopsis Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories by : J.E. Roeckelein
Download or read book Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories written by J.E. Roeckelein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-01-19 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In attempting to understand and explain various behaviour, events, and phenomena in their field, psychologists have developed and enunciated an enormous number of 'best guesses' or theories concerning the phenomenon in question. Such theories involve speculations and statements that range on a potency continuum from 'strong' to 'weak'. The term theory, itself, has been conceived of in various ways in the psychological literature. In the present dictionary, the strategy of lumping together all the various traditional descriptive labels regarding psychologists 'best guesses' under the single descriptive term theory has been adopted. The descriptive labels of principle, law, theory, model, paradigm, effect, hypothesis and doctrine are attached to many of the entries, and all such descriptive labels are subsumed under the umbrella term theory.The title of this dictionary emphasizes the term theory (implying both strong and weak best guesses) and is a way of indication, overall, the contents of this comprehensive dictionary in a parsimonious and felicitous fashion.The dictionary will contain approximately 2,000 terms covering the origination, development, and evolution of various psychological concepts, as well as the historical definition, analysis, and criticisms of psychological concepts. Terms and definitions are in English.*Contains over 2,000 terms covering the origination, development and evolution of various psychological concepts*Covers a wide span of theories, from auditory, cognitive tactile and visual to humor and imagery*An essential resource for psychologists needing a single-source quick reference
Book Synopsis Language, Memory, and Cognition in Infancy and Early Childhood by : Janette B. Benson
Download or read book Language, Memory, and Cognition in Infancy and Early Childhood written by Janette B. Benson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-22 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language, cognition, and memory are traditionally studied together prior to a researcher specializing in any one area. They are studied together initially because much of the development of one can affect the development of the others. Most books available now either tend to be extremely broad in the areas of all infant development including physical and social development, or specialize in cognitive development, language acquisition, or memory. Rarely do you find all three together, despite the fact that they all relate to each other. This volume consists of focused articles from the authoritative Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childood Development, and specifically targets the ages 0-3. Providing summary overviews of basic and cutting edge research, coverage includes attention, assessment, bilingualism, categorization skills, critical periods, learning disabilities, reasoning, speech development, etc. This collection of articles provides an essential, affordable reference for researchers, graduate students, and clinicians interested in cognitive development, language development, and memory, as well as those developmental psychologists interested in all aspects of development. - Focused content on age 0-3- saves time searching for and wading through lit on full age range for developmentally relevant info - Concise, understandable, and authoritative—easier to comprehend for immediate applicability in research
Book Synopsis How Children Develop by : Robert S. Siegler
Download or read book How Children Develop written by Robert S. Siegler and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its first edition, this highly anticipated textbook for the topically-organized child development course provided a fresh, non-encyclopedic approach, offering the latest, straight-from-the-research understanding of child development without overwhelming the student with inessential detail. The new edition brings those hallmark features forward, again providing a thoroughly contemporary, streamlined introduction to the study of child development that emphasizes fundamental principles, enduring themes, and important recent studies. Student-friendly pedagogy, a new chapter on gender, and an enhanced media and supplements package further enrich this accessible, engaging, and informative text.
Book Synopsis The Neuropsychology of Attention by : Ronald A. Cohen
Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Attention written by Ronald A. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 15 years since the original publication of Neuropsychology of Attention. At the time of its publication, attention was a construct that had long been of theoretical interest in the field of psychology and was receiving increased research by cognitive scientists. Yet, attention was typically viewed as a nuisance variable; a factor that needed to be accounted for when assessing brain function, but of limited importance in its own right. There is a need for a new edition of this book within Neuropsychology to present an updated and integrated review of what is know about attention, the disorders that affect it, and approaches to its clinical assessment and treatment. Such a book will provide perspectives for experimental neuropsychological study of attention and also provide clinicians with insights on how to approach this neuropsychological domain.
Book Synopsis The Physiological Basis of Habituation by : Eric Michael Glaser
Download or read book The Physiological Basis of Habituation written by Eric Michael Glaser and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Human Memory [3 volumes] by : Annette Kujawski Taylor Ph.D.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Memory [3 volumes] written by Annette Kujawski Taylor Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing clear, comprehensible information for general readers, this three-volume, A–Z encyclopedia covers the major theories and findings associated with our understanding of human memory and some of the crippling disorders associated with memory malfunction. This encyclopedia comprehensively addresses one of the most critical components of human intelligence—memory. Comprising approximately 500 A–Z entries written by experts who have studied memory and its impacts, the work defines complex terminology for lay readers and includes answers to the most common questions regarding human memory. Readers will gain an understanding of the various psychological and physiological systems of memory, such as short-term or procedural memory; comprehend the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories; and learn the truth about often misconceptualized conditions like "amnesia" or how our memories are stored in bits and pieces rather than linearly like a recorded tape or video. This set is ideal for high school students writing term papers or studying for advanced examinations such as Advanced Placement (AP) in psychology. The volumes also provide a breadth of information invaluable to family members, friends, and caretakers of individuals who suffer from various memory disorders, including descriptions of major disorders, explanations of specific memory deficits, strategies for memory improvement, and information on the parts of the brain that access and store memory as well as the types of tests used to assess memory loss. Also included are biographies of key contributors to the field of cognitive psychology, and to the area of memory in particular.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 1819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral Neuroscientists study the behavior of animals and humans and the neurobiological and physiological processes that control it. Behavior is the ultimate function of the nervous system, and the study of it is very multidisciplinary. Disorders of behavior in humans touch millions of people’s lives significantly, and it is of paramount importance to understand pathological conditions such as addictions, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism among others, in order to be able to develop new treatment possibilities. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience is the first and only multi-volume reference to comprehensively cover the foundation knowledge in the field. This three volume work is edited by world renowned behavioral neuroscientists George F. Koob, The Scripps Research Institute, Michel Le Moal, Université Bordeaux, and Richard F. Thompson, University of Southern California and written by a premier selection of the leading scientists in their respective fields. Each section is edited by a specialist in the relevant area. The important research in all areas of Behavioral Neuroscience is covered in a total of 210 chapters on topics ranging from neuroethology and learning and memory, to behavioral disorders and psychiatric diseases. The only comprehensive Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience on the market Addresses all recent advances in the field Written and edited by an international group of leading researchers, truly representative of the behavioral neuroscience community Includes many entries on the advances in our knowledge of the neurobiological basis of complex behavioral, psychiatric, and neurological disorders Richly illustrated in full color Extensively cross referenced to serve as the go-to reference for students and researchers alike The online version features full searching, navigation, and linking functionality An essential resource for libraries serving neuroscientists, psychologists, neuropharmacologists, and psychiatrists
Book Synopsis Latent Inhibition and Conditioned Attention Theory by : Robert E. Lubow
Download or read book Latent Inhibition and Conditioned Attention Theory written by Robert E. Lubow and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-09-29 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latent inhibition is an exquisitely simple, robust, and pervasive behavioural phenomenon - the reduced ability of an organism to learn new associations to previously inconsequential stimuli. It has been demonstrated in a variety of animals, including humans, across many different learning tasks.
Book Synopsis The Orienting Reflex in Humans by : H. D. Kimmel
Download or read book The Orienting Reflex in Humans written by H. D. Kimmel and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1979, the world’s leading researchers contributed chapters describing their work on the orienting reflex in humans. The contributions, at the time current and comprehensive, in a sense that each facet of contemporary research was represented, address the orienting reflex, now recognized as a fundamental component of human learning and cognitive function. The authors contributing to this volume emphasize both theoretical and methodological issues, as well as present more empirical research. Here is a volume that spans all current work on the orienting reflex in humans, both basic and applied, from the laboratory as well as clinical data, and which would be of immense interest to psychologists, psychophysiologists, psychiatrists, physiologists, and all others interested in this fascinating topic.
Book Synopsis Application of genetically encoded indicators to mammalian central nervous system by : Yoshiyuki Yamada
Download or read book Application of genetically encoded indicators to mammalian central nervous system written by Yoshiyuki Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically encoded indicators emerged as promising tools for cell type-specific and chronic recording of neuronal population activity. Since publication of the first prototypical genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (Cameleons) in 1997, we have witnessed remarkable evolution of the field, with rapid improvement of indicator performance as well as expanded application to many model organisms in the neuroscience community. Challenges still remain, however, concerning the mammalian central nervous system: limited sensitivity of indicators to subtle changes in activity, slow signal kinetics, cytotoxicity after a long-term and high-level expression of indicators, and variable performance across cell types. In addition to improvement of the indicators per se, development of strategies that allow combined use of the indicators and optogenetic tools is also desired. In this Research Topic, we recruited top researchers in the field and their young colleagues to present their cutting-edge research as well as insightful opinions on the following subtopics: 1) Latest breakthroughs on development of genetically encoded indicators 2) Novel scientific findings obtained with genetically encoded indicators 3) Wishlist for the next-generation genetically encoded indicators 4) Guideline for selecting an appropriate indicator 5) Optimal methodology for indicator delivery to mammalian CNS
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
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