Growth Strategies Of Indian Pharma Companies

Download Growth Strategies Of Indian Pharma Companies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ICFAI Books
ISBN 13 : 8131407578
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Growth Strategies Of Indian Pharma Companies by : B Rajesh Kumars M Satish

Download or read book Growth Strategies Of Indian Pharma Companies written by B Rajesh Kumars M Satish and published by ICFAI Books. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry in India is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. During the last three decades, Indian pharmaceutical industry achieved spectacular progress by any standard. India s pharmaceutical industry has b

Strategic Aspects of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Download Strategic Aspects of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0359085512
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Strategic Aspects of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry by : Dr. Sandeep Tare

Download or read book Strategic Aspects of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry written by Dr. Sandeep Tare and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Strategies And Challenges In Formulations Marketing

Download Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Strategies And Challenges In Formulations Marketing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788131416273
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Strategies And Challenges In Formulations Marketing by : Gowri Shankar K Prasad B V S

Download or read book Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Strategies And Challenges In Formulations Marketing written by Gowri Shankar K Prasad B V S and published by . This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry in India presents a picture of robustness and healthy growth. Over the last 30 years, the industry s growth has enabled India to emerge as a world leader in the production of high quality, low-cost, generic drugs. It has made g

Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China

Download Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981138102X
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China by : Kung-Chung Liu

Download or read book Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China written by Kung-Chung Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book analyses intellectual property codification and innovation governance in the development of six key industries in India and China. These industries are reflective of the innovation and economic development of the two economies, or of vital importance to them: the IT Industry; the film industry; the pharmaceutical industry; plant varieties and food security; the automobile industry; and peer production and the sharing economy. The analysis extends beyond the domain of IP law, and includes economics and policy analysis. The overarching concern that cuts through all chapters is an inquiry into why certain industries have developed in one country and not in the other, including: the role that state innovation policy and/or IP policy played in such development; the nature of the state innovation policy/IP policy; and whether such policy has been causal, facilitating, crippling, co-relational, or simply irrelevant. The book asks what India and China can learn from each other, and whether there is any possibility of synergy. The book provides a real-life understanding of how IP laws interact with innovation and economic development in the six selected economic sectors in China and India. The reader can also draw lessons from the success or failure of these sectors.

Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in India

Download Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3790828750
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in India by : Mainak Mazumdar

Download or read book Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in India written by Mainak Mazumdar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how government support and institutional set up facilitated the evolution of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and provides an economic analysis of firm strategies due to recent policy changes. The book is useful for researchers interested in understanding the transition of a lifeline sector for an emerging economy like India. Students of public policy, health administrators and health economists who are interested in the functioning of the pharmaceutical sector that produces life saving drugs in developing nations will find this book useful. The book also provides good coverage on data envelopment analysis (DEA), a useful technique for understanding productivity and efficiency. It can provide guidance to the research students on the applicability of DEA technique to address various research questions for analysis. The book will be a valuable addition to libraries in colleges of pharmacy and medicine as well as to all other academic and research centers.

Relationship between R&D and Financial Performance in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Download Relationship between R&D and Financial Performance in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981166921X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Relationship between R&D and Financial Performance in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry by : Mithun Nandy

Download or read book Relationship between R&D and Financial Performance in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry written by Mithun Nandy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides insight into different research and development (R&D) activities performed by Indian pharmaceutical companies. It describes how R&D activities have evolved in the last three decades on Indian soil. The book discusses how emerging economy like India has become the ‘Pharmacy of the World’ and how reputed and research-centric Indian drug manufacturing companies are aligning their business model by incepting the business idea as ‘Innovate in India and Serve to the World’. Subsequently, through successful implementation of the R&D activities and endeavors, Indian pharmaceutical companies have been witnessing different drug discoveries and innovations which have been performed in an indigenous manner. Contemporary marketing strategies adopted by the research-centric Indian pharmaceutical companies for selling innovative drug products across the globe, attaining global competitiveness, and maintaining a seamless supply chain through export initiatives have also been discussed in this book. Finally, the book figures out the relationship between R&D and financial performance with the help of panel data analysis (PDA), an econometric approach.

A to Z of Pharmaceutical Marketing Volume 2

Download A to Z of Pharmaceutical Marketing Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BSP Books
ISBN 13 : 8197252025
Total Pages : 1182 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (972 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A to Z of Pharmaceutical Marketing Volume 2 by : Subba Rao Chaganti

Download or read book A to Z of Pharmaceutical Marketing Volume 2 written by Subba Rao Chaganti and published by BSP Books . This book was released on 2024-05-08 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transactional to Transformational Marketing in Pharma: The Science of Why and the Art of How is a ground breaking book that explores the current state of the pharmaceutical industry's marketing practices and how they can be improved. Despite being instrumental in saving countless lives and improving the health of people worldwide for over a century, the modern pharmaceutical industry has suffered from a tarnished reputation due to unethical business practices and transactional marketing. In this timely and informative book, the author delves into the reasons behind pharma's fall from grace and shows how transactional marketing practices cannot build brand loyalty or reputation. Instead, the book highlights the importance of transformational marketing practices and ethical business behavior, which can lead to long-term success and customer loyalty. Using real-world examples and case studies, Transactional to Transformational Marketing presents a step-by-step approach to help pharma companies transform their marketing practices. From understanding the importance of customer-centricity to leveraging digital technologies, this book provides practical tips and strategies that can be implemented immediately. Transactional to Transformational Marketing in Pharma is a must-read for anyone interested in elevating the pharmaceutical industry's reputation and creating sustainable growth in the long term. If you are a marketer, business leader, or anyone interested in transforming the pharmaceutical industry's marketing practices, this book is for you.Contents: 1. Pharma’s Reputation on a Slide 2. Ethics in the Pharmaceutical Industry 3. Unethical Marketing Practices in Pharma 4. Transactional Marketing 5. Restoring Pharma’s Reputation 6. Transformational Marketing in Pharma 7. Transformational Marketing in Pharma: Two Case Studies 8. Transformational Marketing the Winner’s Checklist Two Case Studies

Revenue-based Business Model to Growth-based Business Model

Download Revenue-based Business Model to Growth-based Business Model PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788177912838
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Revenue-based Business Model to Growth-based Business Model by : P. Omkar Nadh

Download or read book Revenue-based Business Model to Growth-based Business Model written by P. Omkar Nadh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Innovation from Emerging Markets

Download Innovation from Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108800408
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovation from Emerging Markets by : Fernanda Cahen

Download or read book Innovation from Emerging Markets written by Fernanda Cahen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, emerging markets have come to represent the largest share of global GDP and have made gains in economic development and political influence. In turn, emerging market companies have taken on a new level of importance in driving innovation, local development and global competition. Advancing an integrative view that captures the diversity of innovation among companies in emerging markets, this book highlights the rapid evolution of emerging markets from imitators to innovation leaders. Building upon research conducted by the Emerging Multinational Research Network (EMRN) in collaboration with several universities in North and South America, Europe and China, this rich and expansive collection includes studies of innovation in regions yet to receive focused analysis in the field. The authors also re-examine dominant theories of innovation and capability creation based on a broad range of case studies and research insights. Offering a taxonomy of emerging market innovations, this collection reveals the unique drivers, types, and outcomes of innovation in emerging markets.

Pharmaceutical Marketing in India

Download Pharmaceutical Marketing in India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PharmaMed Press / BSP Books
ISBN 13 : 9388305264
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (883 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Marketing in India by : Subba Rao Chaganti

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Marketing in India written by Subba Rao Chaganti and published by PharmaMed Press / BSP Books. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceutical Marketing in India: For Today and Tomorrow is the go-to guide for anyone interested in the pharmaceutical industry in India. With its comprehensive coverage of the sector, this book is a must-read for students, practitioners, and researchers alike. In this updated 25th Anniversary Edition, readers will find new content that covers the latest trends and initiatives in the industry. The book provides a thorough introduction to the changes taking place in first-world markets and the incremental steps being taken by Indian drug majors and their MNC counterparts in India. This book contains seventy-seven cases that highlight the best practices of successful practitioners of Pharma marketing in India. These cases showcase how they have positioned their products, launched and promoted their brands, and defended their therapeutic segments. The insights provided by these cases are incredibly valuable to both practitioners and students of pharmaceutical marketing. The new edition of the book includes information on changing detailing practices such as e-Detailing, iPad detailing, and tablet detailing, digital marketing strategies, social media strategies for the pharmaceutical industry, multichannel marketing, closed-loop marketing, and more. It also covers the latest ways of engaging and building meaningful relationships with physicians, including medical sales liaisons (MSL), key opinion leader (KOL) management, and key account management (KAM). The primary purpose of this edition is to make it not only relevant for today but also for tomorrow. In other words, to make it as future-proof as possible. This book is a vital resource for anyone interested in the pharmaceutical industry and is a must-read for those looking to stay ahead of the curve in this ever-evolving field. Contents: Part One: The Big Picture 1. The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview 2. The Pharmaceutical Market Part Two: Ten ‘P’s 3. The Product 4. The Price 5. The Place 6. The Promotion 7. Personal selling 8. The Prescription 9. The Policy 10. Public Relations 11. The Power 12. The Patient Part Three: Key Success Factors 13. Managing New Products 14. The Winning Game Plans 15. Towards Excellence in Marketing 16. The Winning Edge 17. Corporate Scoreboard 18. GMP

Strategic Pharmaceutical Marketing Management in Growth Markets

Download Strategic Pharmaceutical Marketing Management in Growth Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000875288
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Strategic Pharmaceutical Marketing Management in Growth Markets by : Mithun Nandy

Download or read book Strategic Pharmaceutical Marketing Management in Growth Markets written by Mithun Nandy and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. The Indian pharmaceutical sector supplies over 50% of the global demand for various vaccines and, as a result, holds an important position in the global pharmaceutical sector. This book is a comprehensive study of pharmaceutical marketing management in the Indian context and similar growth markets. The book introduces the fast-paced and multi-faceted discipline of pharmaceutical marketing management through an in-depth discussion on the genesis and evolution of its marketing concept. Combining theory and practice, it offers a strategic approach to pharmaceutical marketing from an organizational and business perspective and explicates the practical applications of it. Richly supported by case studies, the book brings together fresh perspectives and approaches equally useful for students and professionals. This book will be of interest to academicians, advanced students, and practitioners of pharmaceutical marketing and pharmaceutical management. It will also be beneficial to those interested in business strategy, decision-making, and international marketing.

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Management

Download Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799822184
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Management by : Behl, Abhishek

Download or read book Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Management written by Behl, Abhishek and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) has been extensively used in diverse disciplines, with a variety of MCDM techniques used to solve complex problems. A primary challenge faced by research scholars is to decode these techniques using detailed step-by-step analysis with case studies and data sets. The scope of such work would help decision makers to understand the process of using MCDM techniques appropriately to solve complex issues without making mistakes. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Management provides innovative insights into the rationale behind using MCDM techniques to solve decision-making problems and provides comprehensive discussions on these techniques from their inception, development, and growth to their advancements and applications. The content within this publication examines hybrid multicriteria models, value theory, and data envelopment. Ideal for researchers, management professionals, students, operations scholars, and academicians, this scholarly work supports and enhances the decision-making process.

Making Medicines Affordable

Download Making Medicines Affordable PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309468086
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Making Medicines Affordable by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.

Business Policy and Strategic Management

Download Business Policy and Strategic Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : S. Chand Publishing
ISBN 13 : 8121943345
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (219 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Business Policy and Strategic Management by : Senthilkumar S./ Durai, Marutha M./ Sharmila A. & Poornima J.

Download or read book Business Policy and Strategic Management written by Senthilkumar S./ Durai, Marutha M./ Sharmila A. & Poornima J. and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Business Policy 1 – 15 2. Strategy And Strategic Management 16 – 42 3. Competitive Advantage And Strategies 43 – 70 4. Business Environment 71 – 101 5. Strategic Planning 102 – 120 6. The Strategy Hierarchy Or Level Of Strategy 121 – 235 7. Stakeholder, Corporate Governance And Csr, Leader 236 – 270 8. Strategic Change, Decision Making And Formulation 271 – 315 9. Strategic Control And Evaluation 316 – 343 10. Strategy Implementation 344 – 406

An Analysis of Michael E. Porter's Competitive Strategy

Download An Analysis of Michael E. Porter's Competitive Strategy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351350331
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Analysis of Michael E. Porter's Competitive Strategy by : Pádraig Belton

Download or read book An Analysis of Michael E. Porter's Competitive Strategy written by Pádraig Belton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael E. Porter’s 1980 book Competitive Strategy is a fine example of critical thinking skills in action. Porter used his strong evaluative skills to overturn much of the accepted wisdom in the world of business. By exploring the strengths and weaknesses of the accepted argument that the best policy for firms to become more successful was to focus on expanding their market share, he was able to establish that the credibility of the argument was flawed. Porter did not believe such growth was the only way for a company to be successful, and provided compelling arguments as to why this was not the case. His book shows how industries can be fragmented, with different firms serving different parts of the market (the low-price mass market, and the expensive high-end market in clothing, for example) and examines strategies that businesses can follow in emerging, mature, and declining markets. If printing is in decline, for example, there may still be a market in this industry for high-end goods and services such as luxury craft bookbinding. Porter also made excellent use of the critical thinking skill of analysis in writing Competitive Strategy. His advice that executives should analyze the five forces that mold the environment in which they compete – new entrants, substitute products, buyers, suppliers, and industry rivals – focused heavily on defining the relationships between these disparate factors and urged readers to check the assumptions of their arguments. Porter avoided technical jargon and wrote in a straightforward way to help readers see that his evaluation of the problem was strong. Competitive Strategy went on to be a highly influential work in the world of business strategy.

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Download The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199909261
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry by : Patricia M. Danzon

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.

India and the Patent Wars

Download India and the Patent Wars PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501713981
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis India and the Patent Wars by : Murphy Halliburton

Download or read book India and the Patent Wars written by Murphy Halliburton and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India and the Patent Wars contributes to an international debate over the costs of medicine and restrictions on access under stringent patent laws showing how activists and drug companies in low-income countries seize agency and exert influence over these processes. Murphy Halliburton contributes to analyses of globalization within the fields of anthropology, sociology, law, and public health by drawing on interviews and ethnographic work with pharmaceutical producers in India and the United States. India has been at the center of emerging controversies around patent rights related to pharmaceutical production and local medical knowledge. Halliburton shows that Big Pharma is not all-powerful, and that local activists and practitioners of ayurveda, India’s largest indigenous medical system, have been able to undermine the aspirations of multinational companies and the WTO. Halliburton traces how key drug prices have gone down, not up, in low-income countries under the new patent regime through partnerships between US- and India-based companies, but warns us to be aware of access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries going forward.