Groups As Epistemic And Moral Agents

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Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents

Author : Jessica Brown
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019889810X
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents by : Jessica Brown

Download or read book Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents written by Jessica Brown and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-27 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organised groups such as governments, corporations, charities and courts are an integral part of our lives. They provide services, sell goods, employ people, raise taxes, wage wars, and issue legal judgements. In our interactions with them, we routinely ascribe them mental states, speaking of what they know, want and intend. And we use these ascriptions in predicting what groups will do and assessing their responsibility for outcomes. For instance, in morally assessing the government's performance in the coronavirus pandemic, we might ask what the government knew about the virus at key decision points. And in attempting to predict Russia's response to the current war in Ukraine, we might ask what Russia believes about the West's resolve to defend Ukraine. This book takes these ordinary ways of thinking and talking seriously, assuming that at least some groups are agents with mental states on which they act. In particular, the book examines groups both as epistemic and moral agents providing non-summative accounts of group evidence, group belief, group justified belief, group knowledge, what it is for a group to act or believe for one reason rather than another, and when a group has an excuse for wrongdoing from blameless ignorance. These phenomena are crucial to the evaluation of the beliefs and actions of groups. Whether a group's belief is justified depends on its evidence and the reason for which it believes; whether it's praiseworthy or blameworthy for its actions depends on the reason for which it acted, as well as whether it is blamelessly ignorant of any wrongdoing. By providing a clearer view of central group phenomena, the book will help us assess the beliefs and actions of the powerful groups at work in our lives, whether governments, corporations, public sector bodies or third sector actors.

The Epistemology of Groups

Author : Jennifer Lackey
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199656606
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Groups by : Jennifer Lackey

Download or read book The Epistemology of Groups written by Jennifer Lackey and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jennifer Lackey presents a ground-breaking exploration of the epistemology of groups, and its implications for group agency and responsibility. She argues that group belief and knowledge depend on what individual group members do or are capable of doing, while being subject to group-level normative requirements.

Group Duties

Author : Stephanie Collins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198840276
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Group Duties by : Stephanie Collins

Download or read book Group Duties written by Stephanie Collins and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral duties are regularly attributed to groups. Does this make conceptual sense or is this merely political rhetoric? And what are the implications for these individuals within groups? Collins outlines a Tripartite Model of group duties that can target political demands at the right entities, in the right way and for the right reasons.

The Epistemology of Group Disagreement

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429666306
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Group Disagreement by : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal

Download or read book The Epistemology of Group Disagreement written by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement have mainly been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The chapters in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology; disagreement; and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.

The Epistemic Life of Groups

Author : Michael Brady
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198759649
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemic Life of Groups by : Michael Brady

Download or read book The Epistemic Life of Groups written by Michael Brady and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social epistemology has been flourishing in recent years, expanding and making connections with political philosophy, virtue epistemology, philosophy of science, and feminist philosophy. The philosophy of the social world too is flourishing, with burgeoning work in the metaphysics of the social world, collective responsibility, group action, and group belief. The new philosophical vista now more clearly presenting itself is collective epistemology--the epistemology of groups and institutions. Groups engage in epistemic activity all the time--whether it be the active collective inquiry of scientific research groups or crime detection units, or the evidential deliberations of tribunals and juries, or the informational efforts of the voting population in general--and yet in philosophy there is still relatively little epistemology of groups to help explore these epistemic practices and their various dimensions of social and philosophical significance. The aim of this book is to address this lack, by presenting original essays in the field of collective epistemology, exploring these regions of epistemic practice and their significance for Epistemology, Political Philosophy, Ethics, and the Philosophy of Science.

Epistemic Injustice

Author : Miranda Fricker
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191519308
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Injustice by : Miranda Fricker

Download or read book Epistemic Injustice written by Miranda Fricker and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this exploration of new territory between ethics and epistemology, Miranda Fricker argues that there is a distinctively epistemic type of injustice, in which someone is wronged specifically in their capacity as a knower. Justice is one of the oldest and most central themes in philosophy, but in order to reveal the ethical dimension of our epistemic practices the focus must shift to injustice. Fricker adjusts the philosophical lens so that we see through to the negative space that is epistemic injustice. The book explores two different types of epistemic injustice, each driven by a form of prejudice, and from this exploration comes a positive account of two corrective ethical-intellectual virtues. The characterization of these phenomena casts light on many issues, such as social power, prejudice, virtue, and the genealogy of knowledge, and it proposes a virtue epistemological account of testimony. In this ground-breaking book, the entanglements of reason and social power are traced in a new way, to reveal the different forms of epistemic injustice and their place in the broad pattern of social injustice.

Groups as Agents

Author : Deborah Perron Tollefsen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745684874
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Groups as Agents by : Deborah Perron Tollefsen

Download or read book Groups as Agents written by Deborah Perron Tollefsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the social sciences and in everyday speech we often talk about groups as if they behaved in the same way as individuals, thinking and acting as a singular being. We say for example that "Google intends to develop an automated car", "the U.S. Government believes that Syria has used chemical weapons on its people", or that "the NRA wants to protect the rights of gun owners". We also often ascribe legal and moral responsibility to groups. But could groups literally intend things? Is there such a thing as a collective mind? If so, should groups be held morally responsible? Such questions are of vital importance to our understanding of the social world. In this lively, engaging introduction Deborah Tollefsen offers a careful survey of contemporary philosophers? answers to these questions, and argues for the unorthodox view that certain groups should, indeed, be treated as agents and deserve to be held morally accountable. Tollefsen explores the nature of belief, action and intention, and shows the reader how a belief in group agency can be reconciled with our understanding of individual agency and accountability. Groups as Agents will be a vital resource for scholars as well as for students of philosophy and the social sciences encountering the topic for the first time.

A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity

Author : Herman Witzel
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110628627
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity by : Herman Witzel

Download or read book A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity written by Herman Witzel and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity builds towards an action theory that explains how new forms agency develop in group activity. The approach starts from practical insights about group activity and develops a new understanding of agency from there. This study shows how practical interactions and structures in group activity disrupt individual agency. It is concluded that important features of agency can be realized on a group level. Different types of group activities are analyzed in order to better understand these mechanisms and, consequently, revisit our understanding of agency. It is argued that „intentionality,“ the key concept in individual action theory, merely serves as a pseudo-explanatory connection between specific features of agency and their realization in humans. This is contrasted with empirical research showing that how humans act is far from the idealized concept of intentionality. Consequently, intentionality as a key explanatory concept is rejected and replaced by a diverse set of features of agency for a similarly diverse set of kinds of agency. In this view, groups display new forms agency beyond individual agency without making the groups agents themselves. Such is the nature of group agency.

Collective Epistemology

Author : Hans Bernhard Schmid
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110322587
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Collective Epistemology by : Hans Bernhard Schmid

Download or read book Collective Epistemology written by Hans Bernhard Schmid and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: „We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...” This collection of essays addresses a philosophical problem raised by the first clause of these famous words. Does each signatory of the Declaration of Independence hold these truths individually, do they share some kind of a common attitude, or is there a single subject over and above the heads of its individual members that possesses a belief? “Collective Epistemology” is a name for the view that cognitive attitudes can be attributed to groups in a non-summative sense. The aim of this volume is to examine this claim, and to place it in the wider context of recent epistemological debates about the role of sociality in knowledge acquisition, in virtue and social epistemology, and in philosophy and sociology of science.

Social Epistemology and Epistemic Agency

Author : Patrick J. Reider
Publisher : Collective Studies in Knowledge and Society
ISBN 13 : 9781783483471
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Epistemology and Epistemic Agency by : Patrick J. Reider

Download or read book Social Epistemology and Epistemic Agency written by Patrick J. Reider and published by Collective Studies in Knowledge and Society. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the arguments relating to the extent and manner to which social influences enable epistemic agents.

The Epistemology of Resistance

Author : José Medina
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199929025
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Resistance by : José Medina

Download or read book The Epistemology of Resistance written by José Medina and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the epistemic side of racial and sexual oppression. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members of different groups from listening to each other.

Group Agency

Author : Christian List
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199591563
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Group Agency by : Christian List

Download or read book Group Agency written by Christian List and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are companies, churches, and states genuine agents? How do we explain their behaviour? Can we treat them as accountable for their actions? List and Pettit offer original arguments, grounded in cutting-edge work on social choice, economics, and philosophy, to show there really are group agents, over and above the individual agents who compose them.

The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology

Author : Aaron Zimmerman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317516753
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology by : Aaron Zimmerman

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology written by Aaron Zimmerman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology brings together philosophers, cognitive scientists, developmental and evolutionary psychologists, animal ethologists, intellectual historians, and educators to provide the most comprehensive analysis of the prospects for moral knowledge ever assembled in print. The book’s thirty chapters feature leading experts describing the nature of moral thought, its evolution, childhood development, and neurological realization. Various forms of moral skepticism are addressed along with the historical development of ideals of moral knowledge and their role in law, education, legal policy, and other areas of social life. Highlights include: • Analyses of moral cognition and moral learning by leading cognitive scientists • Accounts of the normative practices of animals by expert animal ethologists • An overview of the evolution of cooperation by preeminent evolutionary psychologists • Sophisticated treatments of moral skepticism, relativism, moral uncertainty, and know-how by renowned philosophers • Scholarly accounts of the development of Western moral thinking by eminent intellectual historians • Careful analyses of the role played by conceptions of moral knowledge in political liberation movements, religious institutions, criminal law, secondary education, and professional codes of ethics articulated by cutting-edge social and moral philosophers.

Reclaiming the System

Author : Lisa Herzog
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019256613X
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Reclaiming the System by : Lisa Herzog

Download or read book Reclaiming the System written by Lisa Herzog and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of wage labour seems to have become a soulless machine, an engine of social and environmental destruction. Employees seem to be nothing but 'cogs' in this system - but is this true? Located at the intersection of political theory, moral philosophy, and business ethics, this book questions the picture of the world of work as a 'system'. Hierarchical organizations, both in the public and in the private sphere, have specific features of their own. This does not mean, however, that they cannot leave room for moral responsibility, and maybe even human flourishing. Drawing on detailed empirical case studies, Lisa Herzog analyses the nature of organizations from a normative perspective: their rule-bound character, the ways in which they deal with divided knowledge, and organizational cultures and their relation to morality. The volume examines how individual agency and organizational structures would have to mesh to avoid common moral pitfalls and develops the notion of 'transformational agency', which refers to a critical, creative way of engaging with one's organizational role while remaining committed to basic moral norms. The volume goes on to explore the political and institutional changes that would be required to re-embed organizations into a just society. Whether we submit to 'the system' or try to reclaim it, Herzog argues, is a question of eminent political importance in our globalized world.

Humanizing Mental Illness

Author : Abigail Gosselin
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0228007356
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanizing Mental Illness by : Abigail Gosselin

Download or read book Humanizing Mental Illness written by Abigail Gosselin and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental illness stigma is rooted in a perceived lack of agency, but stigma itself undermines agency. While most philosophical accounts of the matter are concerned with the question of how much agency a person with mental illness has, this book asks how we can enhance the agency of people with mental illness. Humanizing Mental Illness explains and explores these connections, arguing that all of us can and should adjust our social practices to enhance the agency of people with mental illness. This agency is complicated and nuanced, as it is often directly constrained due to a person's symptoms and indirectly constrained due to stigma. Abigail Gosselin, both a scholar in the field of social philosophy and a person with a psychiatric disability, illustrates the importance of social interaction for developing and exercising agency. By overcoming mental illness stigma and by adopting certain epistemic and moral virtues, we can interact with people who have mental illness in ways that help enhance their agency and enable them to flourish. Humanizing Mental Illness demonstrates that we need to challenge our explicit and implicit biases and learn to interact with mental illness in more intentional, supportive, and inclusive ways.

The Culpable Corporate Mind

Author : Elise Bant
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509952403
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Culpable Corporate Mind by : Elise Bant

Download or read book The Culpable Corporate Mind written by Elise Bant and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection examines critically, and with an eye to reform, conceptions and conditions of corporate blameworthiness in law. It draws on legal, moral, regulatory and psychological theory, as well as historical and comparative perspectives. These insights are applied across the spheres of civil, criminal, and international law. The collection also has a deliberate focus on the 'nuts and bolts' of the law: the legal, equitable and statutory principles and rules that operate to establish corporate states of mind, on which responsibility as a matter of daily legal practice commonly depends.The collection therefore engages strongly with scholarly debates. The book also speaks, clearly and cogently, to the judges, regulators, legislators, law reform commissioners, barristers and practitioners who administer and, through their respective roles, incrementally influence the development of the law at the coalface of legal practice.

The Normative Web

Author : Terence Cuneo
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191614815
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Normative Web by : Terence Cuneo

Download or read book The Normative Web written by Terence Cuneo and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2010-03-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antirealist views about morality claim that moral facts or truths do not exist. Do these views imply that other types of normative facts, such as epistemic ones, do not exist? The Normative Web develops a positive answer to this question. Terence Cuneo argues that the similarities between moral and epistemic facts provide excellent reason to believe that, if moral facts do not exist, then epistemic facts do not exist. But epistemic facts, it is argued, do exist: to deny their existence would commit us to an extreme version of epistemological skepticism. Therefore, Cuneo concludes, moral facts exist. And if moral facts exist, then moral realism is true. In so arguing, Cuneo provides not simply a defense of moral realism, but a positive argument for it. Moreover, this argument engages with a wide range of antirealist positions in epistemology such as error theories, expressivist views, and reductionist views of epistemic reasons. If the central argument of The Normative Web is correct, antirealist positions of these varieties come at a very high cost. Given their cost, Cuneo contends, we should find realism about both epistemic and moral facts highly attractive.