Green Web Ii Standards And Perspectives From The Iucn

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Green Web-II

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000796264
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Web-II by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Green Web-II written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In dealing with the IUCN, one must bear in mind that there never has been, and undoubtedly never will be, any other organization even remotely resembling it. Its peculiarities, subtleties and complexities are sometimes mind-boggling (Nicholson 1990 in Holdgate 1999: ix). Green Web-II investigates IUCN's role in global biodiversity conservation policy as well as in national program development in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. It explores how nature protection priorities and approaches are promoted or addressed by IUCN, an international organization, and how environment conservation policies are created and maintained in states with different capacities of South Asia. It also evaluates IUCN's competency in bio-diversity, climate change, nature conservation and environmental policy formulation at global, regional and country level. This study is the first detailed scholarly study on the IUCN as an organization as well as on its efforts in biodiversity conservation. This book adds to our knowledge, firstly by contributing to a small but growing body of work on the sociology of international organizations. IOs, especially International Governmental Organizations (IGOs), have long been the subject of mostly political science. Secondly, it applies a fuller sociological imagination to the study of IOs by critically exploring one of the largest and most active nature conservation organizations in the world. Thirdly, it also explores how the IUCN actually goes about building protectoral programs with individual member nations. Additionally, the book explores the recent development of the green economy (GE) concepts into IUCN's program planning today. The green economy initiative applies a people-first approach. Although the concept is relatively new, this research explores the theoretical development of a green economy and illustrates how this theory is applied in IUCN's program planning to program implementation.

Green Web-II

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000796337
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Web-II by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Green Web-II written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the book, “Green Web-II: Standards and Perspectives from the IUCN Program / Policy Development in Environment Conservation Domain- with reference to India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh” investigates the IUCN’s role in global biodiversity conservation policy as well as in national program development in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. It explores how nature protection priorities and approaches are promoted or addressed by IUCN, and how environment conservation policies are created and maintained in states of South Asia with different capacities. It also evaluates IUCN's competency in biodiversity, climate change, nature conservation and environmental policy formulation at the global, regional and country levels. This book adds to our knowledge firstly by contributing to a small but growing body of work on the sociology of international organizations. International Governmental Organizations (IGOs), have previously been mainly the subject of political science. Secondly, it critically explores one of the largest and most active nature conservation organizations in the world. Thirdly, it also explores how IUCN actually goes about building protectoral programs with individual member nations. Finally, the research also shows the historical development of global institutions and IUCN’s activities with member nations in helping to define or redefine the concept of global governance. The outcomes of this research will also be beneficial for global collaboration, networking, and for the identification of common concerns among the many environmental and conservational organizations at the international and national level. In this broader sense, the research outcomes might be beneficial to constituencies of the global North as well as global South because of the nature and coverage of IUCN and its role in conservation policy formation. This effort may serve as a model for additional research on international organizations. Technical topics discussed in the book include: The Motivation for Environmental Conservation- How personal efforts make a difference The Role of International Environment Conservation Organizations The Political Economy of Organizations, Network theory, Institutional theory, Stakeholder theory, Governance theory Governance performance and Competitiveness  Popularity indices Knowledge creation and diffusion Conservation commons

The Green Web

Author : Martin Holdgate
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134189303
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis The Green Web by : Martin Holdgate

Download or read book The Green Web written by Martin Holdgate and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a history of the world's oldest global conservation body - the World Conservation Union, established in 1948 as a forum for governments, non-governmental organizations and individual conservationists. The author draws on unpublished archives to reveal the often turbulent story of the IUCN and its achievements in, and influence on, conservation and environmental policy worldwide - establishing national parks and protected areas and defending threatened species.

Perspectives on Sociological Theories, Methodological Debates and Organizational Sociology

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000879542
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Sociological Theories, Methodological Debates and Organizational Sociology by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Perspectives on Sociological Theories, Methodological Debates and Organizational Sociology written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-13 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book stands as the full body of scholarly work on western theories of social sciences. The book contents three chapters. The first part gives the overall scenario of theories, the second part provides the pathway to research destination – the research method, and the third and final part is the destination of the substantive field of study and the roles of international organizations on social, political, economic, environmental regimes creation as well as to other social and development functions of international organizations. Sociology examines the social actors’ activities in society and social problems. Western Scholars have developed many social theories, which address the underlying causes such as social conflicts and inequalities, and many formal and informal social organizations are involved to minimize the challenges of inequalities. The study of social organizations is a relatively new phenomenon in sociology. Broadly its historical root can be traced from Greek civilization (Plato, Aristotle), and it has mostly flourished since the Enlightenment Era. However, empirical studies show that the scientific study of organizations began only from the 19th and 20th century. Among the scholars of these centuries, the contributions of Karl Marx, Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, Ludwig Gumplovicz, Vilfredo Pareto, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons are considered as pillars of sociology. This book intends to answer the broad and major questions of theories, methods, and the international organization studies in social sciences, particularly in sociology and to provide the basic concepts of social theories, application of methods in research (qualitative), and elaborate the factual reality "why study of international organization is also subject of sociological study". The book presents the perspectives of organizational sociology in way that scholarly readers can see the linkages political sciences, sociology and slightly economic in addressing the roles and issues of the international organizations.

Inequality – the unbeatable challenge

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000795128
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality – the unbeatable challenge by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Inequality – the unbeatable challenge written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book presents some unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic and divisive factor of society. Inequality exists as an integral attribute of human development. Communities, nations, and systems are not evolving at the same speed and rate and thus require different resources in different amounts. However, the distribution of winnings is also uneven due to the multidimensionality of influencing factors.When we talk about inequality, it is not just inequality of income or wealth; it is first, inequality in access to priorities and human needs – to shelter, to clean water, air, health care, and also to appropriate vaccination systems and assistance, security systems and safety guarantees for the future. Past financial crises and the current pandemic shock has revealed bugs in the system, shaking it and changing our perception of the norms.We may have no doubts that inequality is an unsolved problem, but now we need to find out - is it unbeatable? There is still lack of knowledge around how inequality has been grounded throughout human civilization, why society is stratified and classified, economically, politically, socially, and religiously; and why the discrimination due to gender, sexual orientation, country of origin, language differences, immigration status, caste, race and ethnicity? This book addresses these issues in a holistic way as well as including case studies of various countries. It tries to find out why inequality has been unbeatable and what would be the best policies to overcome this challenge.

Getting the Climate Science Facts Right

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000797201
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting the Climate Science Facts Right by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Getting the Climate Science Facts Right written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the Climate Science Facts Right - discusses climate change science with reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Addressing climate change is the most important public priority of the 21st Century. Unlike many issues, however, this issue is being driven by both science and its interface with politics. The main institution for bridging this division between science and international politics is the IPCC. As such it is the main source of the facts from which climate change policy is developed. This book describes the ways in which the IPCC arrives at these facts and so can be sure they are complete and evidence based.Seldom in history has science had such a direct relationship with politics. The negotiation of an international policy regime requires, at its outset, an agreement on the facts. In this case, the facts are scientific, complex and contentious. Governments have recognized this and have, by using the IPCC, set up institutional machinery to provide facts from a source and in a manner that they can accept.The way in which the IPCC functions is unique in that it melds the way in which science achieves consensus with the way governments do at the international level. Starting with a process to examine, review and debate scientific findings leading to a consensus about scientific fact, usually expressed as probabilities that the findings will hold over time, the IPCC then concludes by using the kind of consensus-development mechanism that the United Nations typically uses to achieve agreements leading to the formation of policy regimes.The book examines the structure of the IPCC, its composition and its procedures in order to achieve an understanding of its role and future.

Twelve Trees

Author : Daniel Lewis
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982164050
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Twelve Trees by : Daniel Lewis

Download or read book Twelve Trees written by Daniel Lewis and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-03-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling global exploration of nature and survival as seen via a dozen species of trees that represent the challenges facing our planet, and the ways that scientists are working urgently to save our forests and our future. The world today is undergoing the most rapid environmental transformation in human history—from climate change to deforestation. Scientists, ethnobotanists, indigenous peoples, and collectives of all kinds are closely studying trees and their biology to understand how and why trees function individually and collectively in the ways they do. In Twelve Trees, Daniel Lewis, curator and historian at one of the world’s most renowned research libraries, travels the world to learn about these trees in their habitats. Lewis takes us on a sweeping journey to plant breeding labs, botanical gardens, research facilities, deep inside museum collections, to the tops of tall trees, underwater, and around the Earth, journeying into the deserts of the American west and the deep jungles of Peru, to offer a globe-spanning perspective on the crucial impact trees have on our entire planet. When a once-common tree goes extinct in the wild but survives in a botanical garden, what happens next? How can scientists reconstruct lost genomes and habitats? How does a tree store thousands of gallons of water, or offer up perfectly preserved insects from millions of years ago, or root itself in muddy swamps and remain standing? How does a 5,000-year-old tree manage to live, and what can we learn from it? And how can science account for the survival of one species at the expense of others? To study the science of trees is to study not just the present, but the story of the world, its past, and its future. Note—species include: * The Lost Tree of Easter Island (Sophora toromiro) * The coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) * Hymenaea protera [a fossil tree] * The Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) * East Indian sandalwood (Santanum album) * The Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) * West African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora) * The Tasmanian blue gum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) * Olive tree (Olea europaea) * Baobab (Adansonia digitata) * the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) * The bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Reducing Inequalities Towards Sustainable Development Goals

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000791904
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Inequalities Towards Sustainable Development Goals by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Reducing Inequalities Towards Sustainable Development Goals written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of global goals that meet some of the most pressing challenges facing our world today. Goal 10 concerns reducing global inequalities. Inequality is currently seen in the social, political, and economic structures of communities at both the national and international level. The United Nation’s approach to sustainable development is to create a set of goals and targets try to minimize the accelerating gaps of inequality. The book presents new insights for evaluating the progress on SDGs (especially goal 10), it also boldly sets new economic, social and environmental targets for reducing inequality. Using case studies, this book encourages readers to view economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Such inequalities are clearly becoming more obvious as the world is better connected, and information is quickly shared. The books main aim is therefore to direct the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers to swiftly find the balance between the three pillars of sustainable development. The main challenges and focus of each chapter are different and collectively they give an integrated understanding of the phenomenon of sustainable development and its diverse aspects. This book will be useful for policymakers, social and environmental activists, agencies, educators and practitioners in the sphere of social or environmental economics. The methodology of the research can be replicated and taken forward by future researchers in the field.

The Nexus of Climate Change and Land-use – Global Scenario with Reference to Nepal

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040085571
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nexus of Climate Change and Land-use – Global Scenario with Reference to Nepal by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book The Nexus of Climate Change and Land-use – Global Scenario with Reference to Nepal written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between land use and climate change is a crucial aspect of sustainable development, especially in Nepal. This book delves into the intricate connections between land-use and climate change in Nepal, shedding light on significant challenges and potential opportunities. Nepal, with its diverse topography and ecosystems, is exceptionally susceptible to the impacts of climate change. The distinctive land-use patterns, encompassing agriculture, forest cover, and urbanization, significantly influence the country's climate resilience and carbon balance. However, rapid population growth, urban expansion, and changing land-use practices have led to environmental degradation and a surge in greenhouse gas emissions. The alarming deforestation, driven by agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and unsustainable logging, has contributed to carbon emissions and the depletion of vital ecosystem services. Consequently, the conversion of forested land into agricultural fields has negatively affected biodiversity, soil erosion, and water resources, intensifying the vulnerability of communities to climate change. Nevertheless, embracing sustainable land-use practices like afforestation, reforestation, and agroforestry holds promise for mitigating the impacts of climate change and enhancing resilience. The promotion of climate-smart agriculture, watershed management, and community-based forestry can aid in conserving ecosystems, sequestering carbon, and improving livelihoods. This study illustrates the intricate relationship between land-use and climate change, emphasizing the importance of striking a balance in land-use practices, conserving forests, and biodiversity, and promoting sustainable agriculture. These efforts are indispensable for achieving climate resilience and sustainable development in Nepal. By addressing the nexus between land-use and climate change, Nepal can pave the way towards a more sustainable and climate-resilient future. The purpose of this book is to present the core concepts of this issue, inspire further research, and propose solutions to mitigate the problems caused by human disturbances in the Earth's ecosystem.

Women and Society

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1803558164
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Society by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Women and Society written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-03-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of women and society involves the exploration of the intersection of gender, social structures, and cultural norms that shape women’s experiences in society. This interdisciplinary field examines the social, political, economic, and cultural factors that contribute to gender inequality and explores strategies for promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment. Written by global scholars in the social sciences, Women and Society includes five chapters that provide a comprehensive overview of various topics related to women’s role in society. It examines the many ways in which women have been marginalized and continue to be oppressed in society. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the role of female characters in literature, the practice of female genital mutilation, the impact of government support agencies on women’s entrepreneurship, the effects of being child-free on family resilience, and the different branches of feminism. It is an essential resource for anyone who wants to learn more about the challenges women face and the work that still needs to be done to achieve gender equality. This book is a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and policymakers working in the field of gender studies and women’s empowerment. The book covers a wide range of topics related to women’s role in society and provides critical analysis and insights into the challenges and opportunities that women face in different cultures and societies.

Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs

Author : Medani P. Bhandari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000796701
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs by : Medani P. Bhandari

Download or read book Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).

Civil Society in the Global South

Author : Palash Kamruzzaman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351625438
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Society in the Global South by : Palash Kamruzzaman

Download or read book Civil Society in the Global South written by Palash Kamruzzaman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years civil society has been seen as a key route for democracy promotion and solving development ‘problems’ in low-income countries. However, the very concept of civil society is deeply rooted in European traditions and values. In pursuing civil society reform in non-Western countries, many scholars along with well-meaning international agencies and donor organisations fail to account for non-Western values and historical experiences. Civil Society in the Global South seeks to redress this balance by offering diverse accounts of civil society from the global South, authored by scholars and researchers who are reflecting on their observations of civil society in their own countries. The countries studied in the volume range from across Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East to give a rich account of how countries from the global south conceptualise and construct civil society. The book demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, racial and ethnic sub-groups are ‘fighting’ for autonomy. By disentangling local contexts of countries from across the global South, this book demonstrates that it is important to view civil society through the lens of local conditions, rather than viewing it as something that needs to be ‘discovered’ or ‘manufactured’ in non-Western societies. Civil Society in the Global South will be particularly useful to high-level students and scholars within development studies, sociology, anthropology, social policy, politics, international relations and human geography.

Estrategia mundial para la conservación

Author : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2880321042
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Estrategia mundial para la conservación by : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Download or read book Estrategia mundial para la conservación written by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1980 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation

Author : Barbara J. Lausche
Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831712459
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation by : Barbara J. Lausche

Download or read book Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation written by Barbara J. Lausche and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2011 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central aim of this publication is to consider the key elements of a modern, comprehensive, and effective legal framework for successful management of protected areas. They provide practical guidance for all those involved in developing, improving, or reviewing national legislation on protected areas, be they legal drafters and practitioners, protected area managers, interested NGOs, or scholars. These guidelines include fifteen case studies, eight dealing with the protected area legislation of individual countries and six cases dealing with specific sites providing fundamental solutions that stand the test of time.

Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories

Author : Nigel Dudley
Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831710863
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories by : Nigel Dudley

Download or read book Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories written by Nigel Dudley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IUCN's Protected Areas Management Categories, which classify protected areas according to their management objectives, are today accepted as the benchmark for defining, recording, and classifying protected areas. They are recognized by international bodies such as the United Nations as well as many national governments. As a result, they are increasingly being incorporated into government legislation. These guidelines provide as much clarity as possible regarding the meaning and application of the Categories. They describe the definition of the Categories and discuss application in particular biomes and management approaches.

The Green Web

Author : Martin W. Holdgate
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781134189441
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis The Green Web by : Martin W. Holdgate

Download or read book The Green Web written by Martin W. Holdgate and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Perspectives on Biodiversity

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030906581X
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Biodiversity by : National Research Council

Download or read book Perspectives on Biodiversity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions.