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Gravitational Theory From General Relativity To Unified Field Theories
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Book Synopsis Gravitational Theory, from General Relativity to Unified Field Theories by : Jerry G. Bails
Download or read book Gravitational Theory, from General Relativity to Unified Field Theories written by Jerry G. Bails and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to consider the General Theory of Relativity. Einstein's gravitational equations are solved for the static field of a single gravitating center. The equations of motion of a particle in this field are then derived. Throughout the discussion it is emphasized that the Newtonian theory remains as a limiting case of the General Theory. Further, the deflection of a ray of light just grazing the sun's limb is shown to be a conclusion of this theory, which Einstein published in 1916 in his famous memoir, "Die Grundlage der allgmeinen Relativitätstheorie". In order to reat the General Theory, it has been necessary first to develop the fundamentals of the tensor calculus. Then the equations for the geodesics are derived and simplified by introducing the Christoffel three-index symbols, whose properties are examined. The fundamental metric tensor and the Riemann-Christoffel tensor are discussed in some detail. These tensors, which measure respectively the metric properties and the Rienmannian curvature, play important roles in the natural geometry developed by Einstein. It has been found entirely satisfactory to introduce the concept of the tensor systematically from the point of view of the definite line integral. Tensor equations are characterized by the fact that they are invariant under coordinate transformations. The fundamental postulate of General Relativity requires that the laws of physics be expressed by equations which hold independently of the coordinate system selected to describe events in Minkowski space. Hence, tensors are indispensable in the formulation of such laws of physics as the law of inertia and the law of gravitation. Just as the Special Theory is clearly limited by its failure to include gravitational phenomena, the General Theory is limited by its failure to embrace Maxwell's equations. This paper discusses three attempts to develop unified field theories that would relate gravitational and electromagnetic penomena in one geometry. Weyl's early attempt to remove a hidden assumption in Riemannian geometry, and introduce the notion of gauge-invariance is sketched for the reader. Einstein's final success in developing unified field equations from a variational principle is discussed briefly, and the present research of Fantappie and Arcidiacono into a Final Relativity is outlined. These two Italian mathematicians have approached the problem of a unified theory from a consideration of the generalization of the Lorentz thransformations of Special Relativity. Their efforts provide one of the most recent approaches to the present problem.
Book Synopsis The Universe of General Relativity by : A.J. Kox
Download or read book The Universe of General Relativity written by A.J. Kox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outgrowth of 6th Int'l Conference on the History of General Relativity, held in Amsterdam on June 26-29, 2002 Contributions from notable experts offer both new and historical insights on gravitation, general relativity, cosmology, unified field theory, and the history of science Topics run gamet from detailed mathematical discussions to more personal recollections of relativity as seen through the eyes of the public and renowned relativists
Book Synopsis Physics of the Universe by : Mendel Sachs
Download or read book Physics of the Universe written by Mendel Sachs and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new approach to the subject of cosmology. It fully exploits Einstein?s theory of general relativity. It is found that the most general formal expression of the theory replaces the (10-component) tensor formalism with a (16-component) quaternion formalism. This leads to a unified field theory, where one field incorporates gravitation and electromagnetism. The theory predicts an oscillating universe cosmology with a spiral configuration. Dark matter is explained in terms of a sea of particle?antiparticle pairs, each in a particular (derived) ground state. This leads to an explanation for the separation between matter and antimatter in the universe. There is a brief discussion of black holes and pulsars. The final chapter delves into philosophical considerations such as the different types of ?truth?, positivism versus realism and a discussion of the role of the Mach principle in physics and cosmology.
Book Synopsis Papers on Unified Field Theory by : James A. Green
Download or read book Papers on Unified Field Theory written by James A. Green and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unified Field Theory by : Murat Ukray
Download or read book Unified Field Theory written by Murat Ukray and published by eKitap Projesi & Cheapest Books. This book was released on 2015-04-12 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "UKRAY" - UNIFIED FIELD THEORY - - A New Unification Theory on Electromagnetic Gravitation- PREFACE “This study which aims to prove that all forces and laws of physics exist in a single unified structure at the Starting and Ending moment of the Universe analyzes all laws of physics within the framework of a unified structure from Newton Mechanics to Quantum Theory, Einstein Relativity to modern 11-dimensional Super string theory. The study may also be considered as a "MODERN ERA PRINCIPIA" since it was started to be written in about 300 years (early 2007) after the publication of the great study of Newton named "PRINCIPIA" (1703-1707) on the topic of gravity theories. The volume includes SEVEN CHAPTERS in the form of SEVEN different articles which follow each other and make clear the subject when they are read consecutively. In addition, FOUR additional chapters in the form of APPENDIXES in nature of FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS were also included at the end of the volume for readers who have a less degree of technical knowledge about the topic... THIS THEORY, GETS THESE QUESTIONS INTO; - A CHANGE into Gravitational field and field equations, STATIC AND UNIVERSAL GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANTS, - THE DYNAMICS OF Gravitational field with Combining the Electromagnetics Theory. - THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT COULD BE EXCEEDED? THIS THEORY WAS PREPARED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF APPROXIMATELY 16 YEARS STUDY, - WHOLE "666" PAGE - INCLUDES ABOUT 100 THEOREMS, - AND 1000 ILLUSTRATED DRAWINGS, - ASSERTS THE NEW PHYSICS OF THE UNIVERSE. AND MUCH MORE... This oriented me to a series of researches to study and create this theory for years and then directed me to create a unified electromagnetic gravity theory composed of SEVEN ARTICLES in total I will submit here in order and step by step. Even though the theory includes a deductive mathematical approach, tensor calculation and geometric modellings, I will give solutions of Einstein-Maxwell Equations with a different mathematical 4x4 Pauli-Dirac Spinors and Tensor calculation construction in direction of closed extra dimension of the space (5 Dimension Effect) What Does the Theory Tell? {Short Abstract and Philosophy of the Theory} The THEORY summarizes the general and simple mathematical description of the universe in the form of general conclusion items and forecasts the followings; Basic Projections of the Theory? - NEW MODEL OF AN ATOM, - NEW MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE, - CHANGE IN GALILEO Inertia Principle, - A Fundamental Change in the Structure of MAXWELL's EQUATIONS, AN ADDITIONAL TERMS AND ADDITIONS, - A CHANGE IN POYNTING ENERGY THEORY, - A NEW ATOMIC MODEL, - A NEW UNIVERSE MODEL, - CHANGE IN GALILEO'S PRINCIPLE OF INERTIA, - A FUNDEMENTAL CHANGE AND AN ADDITIONAL TERM IN THE STRUCTURE IF MAXWELL EQUATIONS, - A CHANGE IN STATIC FIELD EQUATIONS OF THE GRAVITY FIELD AND IN THE UNIVERSAL GRAVITY CONSTANT. - CHANGE IN POYNTING ENERGY THEOREM, - HOW CAN THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT BE EXCEEDED?
Book Synopsis Evans Equations of Unified Field Theory by : Laurence G. Felker
Download or read book Evans Equations of Unified Field Theory written by Laurence G. Felker and published by Theschoolbook.com. This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein was Right! Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are the two main theories of physics that describe the universe in which we live. Attempts at combining them have been made since the 1920's with no success. Albert Einstein spent much of his later years searching for the key to unification. He never fully accepted quantum theory and maintained it was incomplete. Einstein showed that gravitation is the curving of spacetime, not an attractive force between masses. Evans has showed that electromagnetism is the spinning of spacetime. Using Cartan differential geometry, Evans describes Einstein's gravitation and quantum electromagnetics in the same equations. This book describes the basics of special relativity, quantum mechanics, general relativity, and the geometry used to describe them.
Book Synopsis Geometry of Einstein's Unified Field Theory by : Václav Hlavatý
Download or read book Geometry of Einstein's Unified Field Theory written by Václav Hlavatý and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unified Field Theories by : Vladimir P. Vizgin
Download or read book Unified Field Theories written by Vladimir P. Vizgin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the rapidly expanding ambit of physical research and the continual appearance of new branches of physics, the main thrust in its development was and is the attempt at a theoretical synthesis of the entire body of physical knowledge. The main triumphs in physical science were, as a rule, associ ated with the various phases of this synthesis. The most radical expression of this tendency is the program of construction of a unified physical theory. After Maxwellian electrodynamics had unified the phenomena of electricity, magnetism, and optics in a single theoretical scheme on the basis of the con cept of the electromagnetic field, the hope arose that the field concept would become the precise foundation of a new unified theory of the physical world. The limitations of an electromagnetic-field conception of physics, however, already had become clear in the first decade of the 20th century. The concept of a classical field was developed significantly in the general theory of relativity, which arose in the elaboration of a relativistic theory of gravitation. It was found that the gravitational field possesses, in addition to the properties inherent in the electromagnetic field, the important feature that it expresses the metric structure of the space-time continuum. This resulted in the following generalization of the program of a field synthesis of physics: The unified field representing gravitation and electromagnetism must also describe the geometry of space-time.
Book Synopsis Gravitation and the Electroform Model by : James A. Green
Download or read book Gravitation and the Electroform Model written by James A. Green and published by . This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Meaning of Relativity: Including The Generalization of Gravitation Theory by : Albert Einstein
Download or read book The Meaning of Relativity: Including The Generalization of Gravitation Theory written by Albert Einstein and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Meaning of Relativity: Four Lectures Delivered at Princeton University, May 1921 is a book published by Princeton University Press in 1922 that compiled the 1921 Stafford Little Lectures at Princeton University, given by Albert Einstein. The lectures were translated into English by Edwin Plimpton Adams. The lectures and the subsequent book were Einstein's last attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of his theory of relativity and is his only book that provides an accessible overview of the physics and mathematics of general relativity. Einstein explained his goal in the preface of the book's German edition by stating he "wanted to summarize the principal thoughts and mathematical methods of relativity theory" and that his "principal aim was to let the fundamentals in the entire train of thought of the theory emerge clearly". Among other reviews, the lectures were the subject of the 2017 book The Formative Years of Relativity: The History and Meaning of Einstein's Princeton Lectures by Hanoch Gutfreund and Jürgen Renn. The Meaning of Relativity: Including the Generalization of Gravitation Theory: Unravel the complexities of Einstein's theory of relativity with The Meaning of Relativity. This illuminating book delves into the fundamental principles of relativity, including the groundbreaking concept of general relativity and its implications for our understanding of the universe. Explore the interplay between spacetime physics, gravitational forces, and the mathematical physics that underpin our modern understanding of motion. With clear explanations and insightful commentary, this book offers a comprehensive exploration of the theory of relativity and its profound impact on the field of astrophysics. The Meaning of Relativity: Including the Generalization of Gravitation Theory: theory of relativity, Einstein's relativity, general relativity, spacetime physics, gravitational forces, scientific theories, astrophysics, space-time continuum, mathematical physics, physics of motion.
Book Synopsis Generally Covariant Unified Field Theory by : Myron Wyn Evans
Download or read book Generally Covariant Unified Field Theory written by Myron Wyn Evans and published by Theschoolbook.com. This book was released on 2005 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to describe a very successful objective unified field theory which emerged in 2003 and which is already mainstream physics - Einstein Cartan Evans (ECE) field theory. The latter completes the well known work of Einstein and Cartan, who from 1925 to 1955 sought to unify field theory in physics with the principles of general relativity. These principles are based on the need for objectivity in natural philosophy, were first suggested by Francis Bacon in the sixteenth century and developed into general relativity in about 1915. In this year, using Riemann geometry, Einstein and Hilbert independently arrived at an objective field equation for gravitation. Since then there have been many attempts to unify the 1915 gravitational theory with the other three fundamental fields: electromagnetism, the weak and strong fields. As described for the first time in this book, unification is achieved straightforwardly with the principles of standard Cartan geometry and the Evans Ansatz. The latter shows that electromagnetism is spinning spacetime, gravitation is curving spacetime and that they are unified with the structure (or master) equations of Cartan. Quantum mechanics is unified with general relativity using the Evans Lemma and wave equation. Technical appendices and charts are provided which show how all the major equations of physics are obtained from the ECE field theory, and two introductory chapers describe the background mathematics from an elementary level. The mathematical structure of ECE field theory is standard Cartan geometry, also known as differential geometry. The main topics of contemporary physics are covered in individual chapters, which also describe the conditions under which ECE theory reduces to Einstein Hilbert (EH) theory, and to Maxwell Heaviside field theory in classical electrodynamics. The Dirac equation is derived as a limit of the wave equation of ECE theory. The Schrodinger and Newton equations then follow as limits of the Dirac equation. It is therefore shown that ECE field theory provides, for the first time, a structure for the objective unification of field theory in natural philosophy.
Book Synopsis Unified Field Theories by : Vladimir P. Vizgin
Download or read book Unified Field Theories written by Vladimir P. Vizgin and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the rapidly expanding ambit of physical research and the continual appearance of new branches of physics, the main thrust in its development was and is the attempt at a theoretical synthesis of the entire body of physical knowledge. The main triumphs in physical science were, as a rule, associ ated with the various phases of this synthesis. The most radical expression of this tendency is the program of construction of a unified physical theory. After Maxwellian electrodynamics had unified the phenomena of electricity, magnetism, and optics in a single theoretical scheme on the basis of the con cept of the electromagnetic field, the hope arose that the field concept would become the precise foundation of a new unified theory of the physical world. The limitations of an electromagnetic-field conception of physics, however, already had become clear in the first decade of the 20th century. The concept of a classical field was developed significantly in the general theory of relativity, which arose in the elaboration of a relativistic theory of gravitation. It was found that the gravitational field possesses, in addition to the properties inherent in the electromagnetic field, the important feature that it expresses the metric structure of the space-time continuum. This resulted in the following generalization of the program of a field synthesis of physics: The unified field representing gravitation and electromagnetism must also describe the geometry of space-time.
Book Synopsis Unified Field Theory by : Phil Bouchard
Download or read book Unified Field Theory written by Phil Bouchard and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a new gravitational theory is being suggested to replace general relativity. The theory is objective and predicts low-scale GPS gravitational time dilation, perihelion precession disparity, gravitational light bending, artificial faster-than-light motion, up to the rotation curve for all galaxies, natural faster-than-light universe expansion, and can even explain the black holes! In practical terms, this means the following: We can achieve infinite speed. We can also easily time travel into the future. It follows levitation, also derived from the theory. You will also find many reasons why general relativity is wrong and how to verify this experimentally!
Book Synopsis Generally Covariant Unified Field Theory by : Myron W Evans
Download or read book Generally Covariant Unified Field Theory written by Myron W Evans and published by Theschoolbook.com. This book was released on 2006-10 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to describe a very successful objective unified field theory which emerged in 2003 and which is already mainstream physics -Einstein Cartan Evans (ECE)field theory.The latter completes the well known work of Einstein and Cartan, who from 1925 to 1955 sought to unify field theory in physics with the principles of general relativity.These principles are based on the need for objectivity in natural philosophy, were first suggested by Francis Bacon in the sixteenth century and developed into general relativity in about 1915.In this year, using Riemann geometry, Einstein and Hilbert independently arrived at an objective field equation for gravitation.Since then there have been many attempts to unify the 1915 gravitational theory with the other three fundamental fields: electromagnetism, the weak and strong fields. As described for the first time in this book, unification is achieved straightforwardly with the principles of standard Cartan geometry and the Evans Ansatz.The latter shows that electromagnetism is spinning spacetime, gravitation is curving spacetime and that they are unified with the structure (or master)equations of Cartan.Quantum mechanics is unified with general relativity using the Evans Lemma and wave equation.Technical appendices and charts are provided which show how all the major equations of physics are obtained from the ECE field theory and two introductory chapters describe the background mathematics from an elementary level. In this third volume, ECE theory is extended to the Sagnac effect and Faraday disc generator to show that electrodynamics is spinning space-time in general relativity.These two effects are difficult to explain with special relativity.A simplified dielectric ECE theory is developed and applied for example to cosmology.One chapter is dedicated to a convenient summary of all the details of Cartan geometry needed to develop ECE theory.The important topic of spin connection resonance (SCR)is introduced and applied to new energy and counter-gravitation.Finally wave mechanics is developed in ECE
Book Synopsis Gravitation and the Electroform Model by : James A. Green
Download or read book Gravitation and the Electroform Model written by James A. Green and published by Greenwood Research. This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gravity, Gauge Theories and Quantum Cosmology by : J.V. Narlikar
Download or read book Gravity, Gauge Theories and Quantum Cosmology written by J.V. Narlikar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For several decades since its inception, Einstein's general theory of relativity stood somewhat aloof from the rest of physics. Paradoxically, the attributes which normally boost a physical theory - namely, its perfection as a theoreti cal framework and the extraordinary intellectual achievement underlying i- prevented the general theory from being assimilated in the mainstream of physics. It was as if theoreticians hesitated to tamper with something that is manifestly so beautiful. Happily, two developments in the 1970s have narrowed the gap. In 1974 Stephen Hawking arrived at the remarkable result that black holes radiate after all. And in the second half of the decade, particle physicists discovered that the only scenario for applying their grand unified theories was offered by the very early phase in the history of the Big Bang universe. In both cases, it was necessary to discuss the ideas of quantum field theory in the background of curved spacetime that is basic to general relativity. This is, however, only half the total story. If gravity is to be brought into the general fold of theoretical physics we have to know how to quantize it. To date this has proved a formidable task although most physicists would agree that, as in the case of grand unified theories, quantum gravity will have applications to cosmology, in the very early stages of the Big Bang universe. In fact, the present picture of the Big Bang universe necessarily forces us to think of quantum cosmology.
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Natural Law by : Steven R. Rogers
Download or read book The Foundations of Natural Law written by Steven R. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2010-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theory of Everything Unveiled Everyone knows that mathematics is the language of science. As such, the book is geared toward those individuals with high-level mathematical skills. The book begins by presenting the geometric constructs that underlie curved global and local spaces. The properties of these connections are then examined in detail. The global distortion connector is shown to be related to the gravitational field. Next, the connector associated with both global and local distortions is examined and shown to be related to the electromagnetic field. Finally, the connector associated with purely local distortions is shown to account for the underlying structure of particles. In summary, the book shows the connection between the distortions in the space-time continuum with the gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces. On examining the properties of the space-time connector (i.e., metric), the book develops Einstein's free-field curvature tensor that underlies the theory of general relativity. In a similar manner, Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations are derived. Lastly from the macroscopic observer perspective, the group theory that underlies the "Standard Model" for particle interactions is presented. Finally from the microscopic observer perspective, the local distortions are shown to be best described using wave equations. The resulting wave equations are found to be those commonly used in quantum field theory for free particles. The author methodically presents the geometric principles that describe the space-time continuum. He then develops those concepts and applies them to the world around us. Along the way, the properties of each resulting field is examined and related back to known physical laws. This approach allows the underlying basis for unknown constants of proportionality to be fully understood. Unlike standard text books on general relativity, electromagnetic fields, group theory, and quantum mechanics; the author leaves no "details" for the student. As a result, the author is able to unify the underlying theories that provide the foundation of nature's laws.
