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Author : Ching-cheh Hung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation Compounds Prepared from Graphite Fluoride written by Ching-cheh Hung and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ching-Cheh Hung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Ferric Chloride Graphite Intercalation Compounds Prepared from Graphite Fluoride written by Ching-Cheh Hung and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N. Watanabe
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148329000X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Graphite Fluorides written by N. Watanabe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the preparation, structures, physicochemical properties and applications of graphite fluorides, mainly based on the results obtained by the authors. Their interest in graphite fluorides stemmed from research on the ``anode effect'', in electrolytic production of fluorine gas in KF.2HF melt using carbon electrodes. The formation of a thin graphite fluoride film on carbon anodes made it difficult to continue the electrolysis of KF.2HF at a high current density. To elucidate this phenomenon studies on graphite fluoride were initiated. In the course of these systematic studies, the use of graphite fluoride in high-energy batteries became successful: a new graphite fluoride (C2F)n was found; and another fluorineographite intercalation compound with ionic bonding, CxF, was synthesized. During this research it was established that CxF is closely associated with the ``anode effect''. The book will be of interest to all those involved in the study and research of graphite fluorides, particularly fluorine chemists, electrochemists, and fluorine and battery companies.
Author : Tsuyoshi Nakajima
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Graphite Fluorides & Carbon Fluoride Compounds written by Tsuyoshi Nakajima and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Toshiaki Enoki
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195351843
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Applications written by Toshiaki Enoki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphite intercalation compounds are a new class of electronic materials that are classified as graphite-based host guest systems. They have specific structural features based on the alternating stacking of graphite and guest intercalate sheets. The electronic structures show two-dimensional metallic properties with a large variety of features including superconductivity. They are also interesting from the point of two-dimensional magnetic systems. This book presents the synthesis, crystal structures, phase transitions, lattice dynamics, electronic structures, electron transport properties, magnetic properties, surface phenomena, and applications of graphite intercalation compounds. The applications covered include batteries, highly conductive graphite fibers, exfoliated graphite and intercalated fullerenes and nanotubes.
Author : Watcharee Katinonkul
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (176 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation Compounds Containing Fluoroanions written by Watcharee Katinonkul and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New chemical synthesis strategies have been investigated for the preparation of acceptor-type graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) with fluoroanions in order to obtain new materials and to develop a better understanding of the synthetic approaches and properties of the products. New GIC's containing borate chelate anion such as bis(oxalato)borate, CxB[OC(O)C(O)O]2[delta]F, are prepared by the chemical oxidation of graphite with fluorine gas in the presence of a solution containing the intercalate anion in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Due to the chemical method employed (F2/AHF as the oxidizing agent), fluoride co-intercalates are present in the galleries. The GIC's compositions are determined using a newly-developed digestion method with an ion-selective electrode and potentiometer. The composition parameters x and [sigma] are obtained using both elemental and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Elemental analyses of B and F for a stage 1 GIC indicate x [approximately equal to] 41 and [delta] [approximately equal to] 4. Powder XRD data and the structural refinement of these GIC's show that the intercalate anions "stand up" in the galleries, with the longer anion dimension oriented perpendicular to the graphene sheets, leading to the relatively large gallery height of di [approximately equal to] 1.42 nm. The same chemical synthesis strategy is also used for chemical preparations of other two borate chelate GIC's; bis(perfluoropinacolato)borate, CxB[OC(CF3)2C(CF3)2O]2[sigma]F, and bis(hexafluorohydroxyisobutyrato)borate, CxB[OC(CF3)2C(O)O]2[sigma]F. Stage 1 GIC's of these anions are obtained with the gallery height, di, of 1.43-1.45 nm. The fluoride co-intercalate contents in these GIC samples are also determined. The composition parameters x and [sigma] are obtained using elemental analyses for stage 1 CxB[OC(CF3)2C(CF3)2O]2[sigma]F and for stage 1 CxB[OC(CF3)2C(O)O]2[sigma]F. TGA cannot be used to confirm these compositions due to the incomplete degradation of intercalates. Most likely, anions and their degradation products are trapped in the bulk of the large flaky graphite particles. The detailed compositions of GIC's containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, CxN(SO2CF3)2[sigma]F, and perfluorooctanesulfonate, CxC8F17SO3[sigma]F and fluoride co-intercalates are determined for the first time. These GIC's are prepared in aqueous HF, using K2MnF6 as the oxidizing agent. The fluoride co-intercalate content is approximately equimolar to anion content in both GIC's. For CxN(SO2CF3)2[sigma]F, the fluoride content increases steadily with reaction time while the anion content is relatively constant. In contrast, CxC8F17SO3[sigma]F shows little change in the fluoride content over time.
Author : Nobuatsu Watanabe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Graphite Flourides written by Nobuatsu Watanabe and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bahar Ozmen Monkul
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (635 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation with Fluoroanions by Chemical and Electrochemical Methods written by Bahar Ozmen Monkul and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New acceptor-type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) containing perfluoroalkyl anions have been synthesized by using both chemical and electrochemical methods and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Investigation into these graphite intercalation compounds can provide novel materials and a detailed understanding of their properties. GICs of composition Cx[FB(C2F5)3]·[delta]F are prepared for the first time by the intercalation of fluoro-tris(pentafluoroethyl)borate anion, [FB(C2F5)3]−, under ambient conditions in aqueous (48 %) hydrofluoric acid containing the oxidant K2[MnF6].Powder-XRD data indicate that products are pure stage 2 and physical mixture of stage 2 and stage 3 after 1 h to 20 h reaction times. The calculated basal repeat distance, Ic, is 1.20 nm for stage 2 and 1.54-1.56 nm for stage 3 GICs, corresponding to gallery heights of di= 0.86-0.89 nm. In addition, stage 2 GIC of Cx[FB(C2F5)3]·[delta]CH3NO2 having di=0.84 nm is prepared by electrochemical oxidation of graphite in a nitromethane electrolyte. The elemental analyses of these complex GICs required that a new sample digestion protocol be developed. After digestion, the fluoride amounts in these GIC samples were analyzed by using ion-selective fluoride combination electrode. The method developed is able to provide fluoride anion content in GICs without interference from the decomposition products of [FB(C2F5)3]- anion. For the boron analyses the same digestion procedure above is used and the B contents were determined by ICP-AES. For Cx[FB(C2F5)3]·[delta]F, both compositional parameters x and [delta] are obtained from the results of elemental B and F analyses. For the chemically prepared GICs at 1 h to 20 h, calculated x values were in the range of 51-56 and the calculated [delta] values increased with reaction time from approx. 0-2. Combining B analysis and TGA mass loss gives a composition of x=44 and [delta]= 0.37 for the electrochemically prepared GIC of Cx[FB(C2F5)3]·[delta]CH3NO2. Energy minimized structure for the isolated borate anion and powder XRD data show that the borate anions adopt a "lying-down" orientation where the long axes of [FB(C2F5)3]- intercalate anions are parallel to the encasing graphene sheets. The same electrochemical synthesis strategy is also used for the preparation of a new acceptor-type GIC containing the cyclo-hexafluoropropane-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)amide anion, [CF2(CF2SO2)2N]−. The gallery heights of 0.85-0.86 nm are determined by powder X-ray diffraction for stage 2 and 3 products. These GICs are obtained by electrochemical oxidation of graphite in a nitromethane electrolyte. GICs containing the linear anion, [(CF3SO2)2N]− are also prepared in order to compare the gallery heights and the electron charge distributions that helps to understand the GIC stabilities within the graphene sheets. The compositions of GICs containing [CF2(CF2SO2)2N]− are determined by thermogravimetric, fluorine and nitrogen elemental analyses. GICs of composition Cx[(C2F5)3PF3] are prepared for the first time by the intercalation of tris(pentafluoroethyl trifluorophosphate (FAP) anion, [(C2F5)3PF3]− by electrochemical oxidation of graphite. Powder-XRD data indicate that products are of stages 2-4 with gallery heights of 0.82-0.86 nm. These GICs are characterized by the same methods using TGA and F ion selective probe analyses.
Author : Michael Mead Lerner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Graphite Fluorometallate Salts and Graphite Fluorides by Chemical and Electrochemical Methods written by Michael Mead Lerner and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hartmut Zabel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642752705
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation Compounds I written by Hartmut Zabel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress of materials science depends on the development of novel materials and the development of novel experimental techniques. The research on graphite intercalation compounds combines both aspects: new compounds with strikingly new and anisotropic properties have been synthesized and analyzed during the past couple of years by means of state-of-the-art experimental methods. At the same time, the preparation of the compounds already known has improved con siderably, giving increased reliability and reproducibility of the experimental results. The high quality experimental data now available have stimulated theo retical work. Moreover, the theoretical work has had a great impact on further experimental studies, with the effect of a much improved understanding of this class of materials. This volume is dedicated to a thorough description of all relevant experimen tal and theoretical aspects of the structural and dynamical properties of graphite intercalation compounds. Because of the large number of topics, a second vol ume, which is now in preparation, will follow and will treat the electronic, transport, magnetic, and optical properties. The second volume will also contain a chapter on applications of graphite intercalation compounds. There have been a number of reviews written on selected aspects of these compounds in various journals and conference proceedings during the last couple of years, but this is the first comprehensive review since the thorough overview provided by M.S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus appeared ten years ago.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Graphite-metal Fluoride Intercalation Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compound CxAsF5 was prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption, which show the presence of As(III) and As(V), and the As-F bond distances are consistent with AsF3 and AsF−6, CAsF−6 and C+8OsF−6 were synthesized. The CxAsF6 and numerous standard arsenic-flourine compounds were studied by x-ray absorption. Magnetic susceptibility of C+8OsF−6 confirms the high degree of oxidation in this compound. X-ray absorption studies were begun to determine the species present within the graphite when BrF3 or GeF4 + F2 are added. In the BrF3 case, Br2 is evolved and only Br(III) is present in the graphite. The binary phase diagram XeF2:Xe+5AsF−6 was investigated by melting point determination and Raman spectroscopy. This mixture near 1.3:1 forms a kinetically stable glass at room temperature and is molten at 50°C. Several new species or phases are observed in the Raman spectra. These species have been assigned tentative structures.
Author : Hartmut Zabel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642844790
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Graphite Intercalation Compounds II written by Hartmut Zabel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research on graphite intercalation compounds often acts as a forerunner for research in other sciences. For instance, the concept of staging, which is fundamental to graphite intercalation compounds, is also relevant to surface science in connection with adsorbates on metal surfaces and to high-temperature superconducting oxide layer materials. Phonon-folding and mode-splitting effects are not only basic to graphite intercalation compounds but also to polytypical systems such as supercon ductors, superlattices, and metal and semiconductor superlattices. Charge transfer effects playa tremendously important role in many areas, and they can be most easily and fundamentally studied with intercalated graphite. This list could be augmented with many more examples. The important message, however, is that graphite inter calation compounds represent a class of materials that not only can be used for testing a variety of condensed-matter concepts, but also stimulates new ideas and approaches. This volume is the second of a two-volume set. The first volume addressed the structural and dynamical aspects of graphite intercalation compounds, together with the chemistry and intercalation of new compounds. This second volume provides an up-to-date status report from expert researchers on the transport, magnetic, elec tronic and optical properties ofthis unique class of materials. The band-structure cal culations of the various donor and acceptor compounds are discussed in depth, and detailed reviews are provided ofthe experimental verification ofthe electronic struc ture in terms of their photoemission spectra and optical properties.
Author : D. Tchoubar
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3035704643
Total Pages : 880 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (357 download)
Download or read book Intercalation Compounds written by D. Tchoubar and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volumes center on the following themes:
Author : Tsuyoshi Nakajima
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439809310
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Fluorine-Carbon and Fluoride-Carbon Materials written by Tsuyoshi Nakajima and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This outstanding reference presents the latest scientific findings concerning the synthesis, structure, thermodynamics, and physical and chemical properties of fluorine- and fluoride-carbon compounds elucidating their practical applications in lithium batteries, superhydrophobic composites, and the electrolytic production of elemental fluorine."
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H. Selig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Syntheses and Characterization of Novel Graphite Intercalation Compounds with Inorganic Fluorides written by H. Selig and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous reported intercalation compounds of graphite and xenon fluorides and halogen fluorides were synthesized with HOPG as starting material. While the course of intercalation was followed by in situ measurements such as electrodeless conductivity, c-axis expansion and x-ray diffraction, one of the main objectives of the syntheses was to prepare suitable materials for conducting physical measurements such as those carried out by ongoing projects on those materials sponsored by the USAF. These included studies of thermal properties, vibrational spectroscopy and microstructure. Special attention was devoted to the syntheses of new binary and ternary intercalation compounds of graphite with inorganic fluorides in order to determine by chemical or physical means the chemical species existing in the intercalates. (Author).
Author : T. Nakajima
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525482
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Advanced Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications written by T. Nakajima and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-12 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent progresses in inorganic fluorine chemistry. Highlights include new aspects of inorganic fluorine chemistry, such as new synthetic methods, structures of new fluorides and oxide fluorides, their physical and chemical properties, fluoride catalysts, surface modifications of inorganic materials by fluorination process, new energy conversion materials and industrial applications. Fluorine has quite unique properties (highest electronegativity; very small polarizability). In fact, fluorine is so reactive that it forms fluorides with all elements except with the lightest noble gases helium, neon and argon. Originally, due to its high reactivity, fluoride chemistry faced many technical difficulties and remained undeveloped for many years. Now, however, a large number of fluorine-containing materials are currently produced for practical uses on an industrial scale and their applications are rapidly extending to many fields. Syntheses and structure analyses of thermodynamically unstable high-oxidation-state fluorides have greatly contributed to inorganic chemistry in this decade. Fluoride catalysts and surface modifications using fluorine are developing a new field of fluorine chemistry and will enable new syntheses of various compounds. The research on inorganic fluorides is now contributing to many chemical energy conversion processes such as lithium batteries. Furthermore, new theoretical approaches to determining the electronic structures of fluorine compounds are also progressing. On the industrial front, the use of inorganic fluorine compounds is constantly increasing, for example, in semi-conductor industry. "Advanced Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications" focuses on these new features in inorganic fluorine chemistry and its industrial applications. The authors are outstanding experts in their fields, and the contents of the book should prove to be of valuable assistance to all chemists, graduates, students and researchers in the field of fluorine chemistry.
