Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors

Download Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811612129
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors by : Shiyu Wang

Download or read book Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors written by Shiyu Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are shown to be an emerging sensing platform. Divided into two parts the first set of chapters are devoted to basic knowledge of graphene, graphene FET and its biosensing. In the second part of this book the applications of graphene FET biosensors combined with various biotechnologies are presented. As well as discussing the existing technologies the authors also introduce their own ideas and concepts. Finally the remaining problems in graphene FET biosensors are discussed, along with proposed solutions and prospects for future applications. This monograph allows readers to grasp the basic knowledge and future direction of graphene-based FET biosensors.

Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

Download Graphene Field-Effect Transistors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527349901
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graphene Field-Effect Transistors by : Omar Azzaroni

Download or read book Graphene Field-Effect Transistors written by Omar Azzaroni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-16 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene Field-Effect Transistors In-depth resource on making and using graphene field effect transistors for point-of-care diagnostic devices Graphene Field-Effect Transistors focuses on the design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of graphene field effect transistors, summarizing the state-of-the-art in the field and putting forward new ideas regarding future research directions and potential applications. After a review of the unique electronic properties of graphene and the production of graphene and graphene oxide, the main part of the book is devoted to the fabrication of graphene field effect transistors and their sensing applications. Graphene Field-Effect Transistors includes information on: Electronic properties of graphene, production of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, and graphene functionalization Fundamentals and fabrication of graphene field effect transistors, and nanomaterial/graphene nanostructure-based field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors integrated with microfluidic platforms and flexible graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for diagnostics applications, and DNA biosensors and immunosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for targeting cancer molecules, brain activity recording, bacterial detection, and detection of smell and taste Providing both fundamentals of the technology and an in-depth overview of using graphene field effect transistors for fabricating bioelectronic devices that can be applied for point-of-care diagnostics, Graphene Field-Effect Transistors is an essential reference for materials scientists, engineering scientists, laboratory medics, and biotechnologists.

Graphene Bioelectronics

Download Graphene Bioelectronics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128133503
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graphene Bioelectronics by : Ashutosh Tiwari

Download or read book Graphene Bioelectronics written by Ashutosh Tiwari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene Bioelectronics covers the expending field of graphene biomaterials, a wide span of biotechnological breakthroughs, opportunities, possibilities and challenges. It is the first book that focuses entirely on graphene bioelectronics, covering the miniaturization of bioelectrode materials, bioelectrode interfaces, high-throughput biosensing platforms, and systemic approaches for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical and energy applications. The book also showcases key applications, including advanced security, forensics and environmental monitoring. Thus, the evolution of these scientific areas demands innovations in crosscutting disciplines, starting from fabrication to application. This book is an important reference resource for researchers and technologists in graphene bioelectronics—particularly those working in the area of harvest energy biotechnology—employing state-of-the-art bioelectrode materials techniques. Offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-art research on graphene bioelectronics and their potential applications Provides innovative fabrication strategies and utilization methodologies, which are frequently adopted in the graphene bioelectronics community Shows how graphene can be used to make more effective energy harvesting devices

Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

Download Graphene Field-Effect Transistors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527843388
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graphene Field-Effect Transistors by : Omar Azzaroni

Download or read book Graphene Field-Effect Transistors written by Omar Azzaroni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene Field-Effect Transistors In-depth resource on making and using graphene field effect transistors for point-of-care diagnostic devices Graphene Field-Effect Transistors focuses on the design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of graphene field effect transistors, summarizing the state-of-the-art in the field and putting forward new ideas regarding future research directions and potential applications. After a review of the unique electronic properties of graphene and the production of graphene and graphene oxide, the main part of the book is devoted to the fabrication of graphene field effect transistors and their sensing applications. Graphene Field-Effect Transistors includes information on: Electronic properties of graphene, production of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, and graphene functionalization Fundamentals and fabrication of graphene field effect transistors, and nanomaterial/graphene nanostructure-based field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors integrated with microfluidic platforms and flexible graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for diagnostics applications, and DNA biosensors and immunosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors Graphene field-effect transistors for targeting cancer molecules, brain activity recording, bacterial detection, and detection of smell and taste Providing both fundamentals of the technology and an in-depth overview of using graphene field effect transistors for fabricating bioelectronic devices that can be applied for point-of-care diagnostics, Graphene Field-Effect Transistors is an essential reference for materials scientists, engineering scientists, laboratory medics, and biotechnologists.

Biomolecular Sensors

Download Biomolecular Sensors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203212193
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biomolecular Sensors by : Electra Gizeli

Download or read book Biomolecular Sensors written by Electra Gizeli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-05-16 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of devices that incorporate biological assemblies is impacting analytical and biomedical research. Today, scientists can monitor vital biological interactions-such as the binding of DNA to proteins-in real time, deriving unique information necessary to understanding biochemical pathways and thus aiding the design of drugs to regulat

Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Download Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039438875
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges by : Paolo Bollella

Download or read book Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges written by Paolo Bollella and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is devoted to all aspects of biosensing in a very broad definition, including, but not limited to, biomolecular composition used in biosensors (e.g., biocatalytic enzymes, DNAzymes, abiotic nanospecies with biocatalytic features, bioreceptors, DNA/RNA, aptasensors, etc.), physical signal transduction mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc.), engineering of different biosensing platforms, operation of biosensors in vitro and in vivo (implantable or wearable devices), self-powered biosensors, etc. The biosensors can be represented with analogue devices measuring concentrations of analytes and binary devices operating in the YES/NO format, possibly with logical processing of input signals. Furthermore, the book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to the field, while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.

Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications

Download Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 152250737X
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications by : Ahmadi, Mohammad Taghi

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications written by Ahmadi, Mohammad Taghi and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoelectronics are a diverse set of materials and devices that are so small that quantum mechanics need to be applied to their function. The possibilities these devices present outweigh the difficulties associated with their development, as biosensors and similar devices have the potential to vastly improve our technological reach. The Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications begins with an introduction of the fundamental concepts of nanoelectronic sensors, then proceeds to outline in great detail the concepts of nanoscale device modeling and nanoquantum fundamentals. Recent advances in the field such as graphene technology are discussed at length in this comprehensive handbook, ideal for electrical engineers, advanced engineering students, researchers, and academics.

Vertically-Oriented Graphene

Download Vertically-Oriented Graphene PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319153021
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vertically-Oriented Graphene by : Junhong Chen

Download or read book Vertically-Oriented Graphene written by Junhong Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the basic concepts, synthesis techniques, and applications of vertically-oriented graphene. The authors detail emerging applications of vertically-oriented graphene such as field emitters, atmospheric nanoscale corona discharges, gas sensors and biosensors, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells (catalyst supports) and electrochemical transducers. They offer a perspective on current challenges to enabling commercial applications of vertically-oriented graphene.

Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices

Download Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466551526
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices by : Jun Li

Download or read book Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices written by Jun Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices links interdisciplinary research from leading experts to provide graduate students, academics, researchers, and industry professionals alike with a comprehensive source for key advancements and future trends in nanostructured biosensor development. It describes the concepts, principles, materials, device fabrications, functions, system integrations, and applications of various types of biosensors based on signal transduction mechanisms, including fluorescence, photonic crystal, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemistry, electro-luminescence, field-effect transistor, and magnetic effect. The book: Explains how to utilize the unique properties of nanomaterials to construct nanostructured biosensors to achieve enhanced performance Features examples of biosensors based on both typical and emerging nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, graphene, graphene oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanowires/nanorods, plasmonic nanostructures, and photonic crystals Demonstrates the broad applications of nanostructured biosensors in environmental monitoring, food safety, industrial quality assurance, and in vitro and in vivo health diagnosis Inspires new ideas for tackling multiscale and multidisciplinary issues in developing high-performance biosensors for complex practical biomedical problems Focusing on the connection between nanomaterials research and biosensor development, Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices illustrates the exciting possibilities and critical challenges of biosensors based on nanomaterials and nanodevices for future health monitoring, disease diagnosis, therapeutic treatments, and beyond.

Comparison of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Field-effect Transistor Biosensors

Download Comparison of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Field-effect Transistor Biosensors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (811 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comparison of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Field-effect Transistor Biosensors by : Grant William Saltzgaber

Download or read book Comparison of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Field-effect Transistor Biosensors written by Grant William Saltzgaber and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of biomolecules is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Low concentration detection, specific biomolecule detection, and point-of-care use are appealing characteristics for biosensors because of the possibility of early detection and quick results of specific biomolecules. Furthermore, inexpensive biosensors are appealing so that they are accessible to the general population. The biosensors in this study have the potential to satisfy these characteristics. In this study graphene field-effect transistors (G-FET) were fabricated. Graphene was grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred to a silicon/silicon oxide substrate. The CVD method is the most scalable and cost-effective method of producing graphene for devices. Standard photolithography was used to pattern and then deposit metal electrodes. Two separate experiments were conducted; one using electrostatic attraction to bind protein to the active area of the G-FET to detect the protein poly-L-lysine (PLL) and one using an aptamer modified G-FET to selectively detect the protein thrombin. Analyte was delivered using a homebuilt, pressure driven, microfluidic, mass flow system. Both experiments showed a detection of the protein. The PLL experiment showed a clear change in the effective gate voltage of the G-FET. The thrombin experiment showed a change in the effective gate voltage that varied with differing concentrations of thrombin present. Furthermore, in the thrombin experiment by changing from a thrombin solution back to buffer the effective gate voltage was brought back to its original value. A competing protein was introduced and gave a signal comparable to the signal of a 10 times smaller concentration of thrombin. All of this shows that CVD grown graphene in a FET biosensor can be used for protein detection. Furthermore, the specific detection of thrombin suggests that aptamer modified G-FETs with CVD grown graphene can be used as a protein specific biosensor.

Nanobiosensors

Download Nanobiosensors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527345108
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanobiosensors by : Aiguo Wu

Download or read book Nanobiosensors written by Aiguo Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing cutting edge research on the hot topic of nanobiosensor, this book will become highly read Biosensor research has recently re-emerged as most vibrant area in recent years particularly after the advent of novel nanomaterials of multidimensional features and compositions. Nanomaterials of different types and striking properties have played a positive role in giving the boost and accelerated pace to biosensors development technology. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications covers several aspects of biosensors beginning from the basic concepts to advanced level research. It will help to bridge the gap between various aspects of biosensors development technology and applications. It covers biosensors related material in broad spectrum such as basic concepts, biosensors & their classification, biomarkers & their role in biosensors, nanostructures-based biosensors, applications of biosensors in human diseases, drug detection, toxins, and smart phone based biosensors. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications will prove a source of inspiration for research on biosensors, their local level development and consequently using for practical application in different industries such as food, biomedical diagnosis, pharmaceutics, agriculture, drug discovery, forensics, etc. * Discusses the latest technology and advances in the field of nanobiosensors and their applications in human diseases, drug detection, toxins * Offers a broad and comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials such as carbon materials, nitride based nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide based nanomaterials for the fast-developing nanobiosensors research * Goes to a wide scientific and industry audience Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications is a resource for polymer chemists, spectroscopists, materials scientists, physical chemists, surface chemists, and surface physicists.

Highly Sensitive Biosensor Based on Graphene Field Effect Transistor

Download Highly Sensitive Biosensor Based on Graphene Field Effect Transistor PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Highly Sensitive Biosensor Based on Graphene Field Effect Transistor by : Xuesong Yang

Download or read book Highly Sensitive Biosensor Based on Graphene Field Effect Transistor written by Xuesong Yang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nanowire Field Effect Transistors: Principles and Applications

Download Nanowire Field Effect Transistors: Principles and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461481244
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanowire Field Effect Transistors: Principles and Applications by : Dae Mann Kim

Download or read book Nanowire Field Effect Transistors: Principles and Applications written by Dae Mann Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Nanowire Field Effect Transistor: Basic Principles and Applications” places an emphasis on the application aspects of nanowire field effect transistors (NWFET). Device physics and electronics are discussed in a compact manner, together with the p-n junction diode and MOSFET, the former as an essential element in NWFET and the latter as a general background of the FET. During this discussion, the photo-diode, solar cell, LED, LD, DRAM, flash EEPROM and sensors are highlighted to pave the way for similar applications of NWFET. Modeling is discussed in close analogy and comparison with MOSFETs. Contributors focus on processing, electrostatic discharge (ESD) and application of NWFET. This includes coverage of solar and memory cells, biological and chemical sensors, displays and atomic scale light emitting diodes. Appropriate for scientists and engineers interested in acquiring a working knowledge of NWFET as well as graduate students specializing in this subject.

Advances in Food Diagnostics

Download Advances in Food Diagnostics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470276525
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Food Diagnostics by : Leo M. L. Nollet

Download or read book Advances in Food Diagnostics written by Leo M. L. Nollet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food diagnostics is a relatively new and emerging area fuelled inlarge part by the ever-increasing demand for food safety.Advances in Food Diagnostics provides the most updated,comprehensive professional reference source available, coveringsophisticated diagnostic technology for the food industry. EditorsNollet, Toldrá, and Hui and their broad team of internationalcontributors address the most recent advances in food diagnosticsthrough multiple approaches: reviewing novel technologies toevaluate fresh products; describing and analyzing in depth severalspecific modern diagnostics; providing an analysis of dataprocessing; and discussing global marketing with an insight intofuture trends. While covering conventional (typically lab-based) methods ofanalysis, the book focuses on leading-edge technologies that arebeing or about to be introduced. The book looks at areas such asfood quality assurance, safety and traceability. Issues such asimproved quality control, monitoring pesticide and herbicideresidues in food, determining the nutritional content of food anddistinguishing between GM and "conventional" foodstuffs arecovered. Advances in Food Diagnostics offers the foodprofessional what its title promises – the latest advances infood diagnostics and analysis.

Immunoenzymatic Techniques

Download Immunoenzymatic Techniques PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Immunoenzymatic Techniques by : S. Avrameas

Download or read book Immunoenzymatic Techniques written by S. Avrameas and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1983 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aandacht voor de enzymatische-immunocytochemie met de nadruk op intracellulaire penetratie van gelabelde antilichamen en de toepassing van "double staining"-methodes of monoclonale antilichamen in normale en in diverse experimentele of pathologische omstandigheden; kwantitatieve aspecten van immuno-enzymatische technieken, zoals nieuwe technische vindingen en toepassingen op verschillende gebieden, bijvoorbeeld biologie, humane en veterinaire geneeskunde, fytopathologie en experimentele ziekten

Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

Download Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839163143
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring by : Dr A. Pandikumar

Download or read book Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring written by Dr A. Pandikumar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposable electrodes have been widely used as a sensing platform in electrical and electrochemical sensors owing to the possibility of quantitative detection using clinical biomarkers with high precision, sensitivity and reproducibility, which are necessary for accurate diagnosis of the health condition of an individual. This book focusses on the emerging disposable electrochemical sensors in the health sector and the advancement of analytical devices to monitor diabetic, cancer and cardiovascular patients using different nanomaterials. It discusses the upcoming strategies, advantages and the limitations of the existing devices using disposable electrodes. Uniquely, it covers in-depth knowledge of mechanistic features of various designs of screen-printing electrodes and the material aspects required of sensors developed for the healthcare field. It also looks at the portable devices using a variety of materials and the future directions for research in this area. Appealing to the health care industry, this book is aimed at academic and research institutes at both the graduate and postgraduate level. The contributors are leading experts in the field and they are providing guidance for the next decade of research in the field of disposable electrochemical biosensors.

Field-effect Transistor Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection

Download Field-effect Transistor Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1837673438
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Field-effect Transistor Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection by : Naif H M Al-Hardan

Download or read book Field-effect Transistor Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection written by Naif H M Al-Hardan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2024-05-03 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking to prevent future outbreaks of deadly pathogens by early detection? Infectious diseases continue to be a challenge that necessitates increased precision in detection and integration to achieve accurate diagnosis at the point of care (PoC). Field-effect transistors (FETs) have been investigated widely as biosensors for pathogen detection, with advantages such as label-free and real-time detection capabilities. These biosensors have: a high level of sensitivity, a remarkable capacity for miniaturization, a molecular minimum limit of detection (LoD), and seamless integration with semiconductor technology In this title, we have invited expert scientific researchers to share their experience in this field. This book focuses on the application and possibility of FETs as biosensors, for rapid and real time detection of pathogens that affect human life. The lack of commercially available efficient devices that can be deployed for this task resulted in the recent global spread of the SARS-CoV-19 virus. The book is an attempt to keep interested parties up to date. Aimed at scientists and engineers (researchers, academics, and postgraduate students) who are interested in developing and using BioFET based sensors, the information in this book is crucial to help prevent future outbreaks of pathogens which bring with them significant impacts on human health and wellbeing.