Grammatical Voice

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Grammatical Voice

Author : M. H. Klaiman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521360012
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Voice by : M. H. Klaiman

Download or read book Grammatical Voice written by M. H. Klaiman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-11-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Categories of the verb in natural languages include tense, aspect, modality (mood) and voice. Among these, voice, in its rich and diverse manifestations, is perhaps the most complex. But most prior research concentrates on only certain types, predominantly passives. Voice expresses relations between a predicate and a set of nominal positions - or their referents - in a clause or other structure. Grammatical Voice is the first typological study of voice systems based on a multi-language survey. It introduces a threefold classification of voice types, in the first place distinguishing passivization phenomena (derived voice) from active-middle systems (basic voice); and further, distinguishing each of these from pragmatically grounded voice behaviours, such as focus and inverse systems. As the first comprehensive study of voice systems and voice typology, this book makes a significant contribution to current research in linguistics and grammatical theory.

Grammatical Voice

Author : Fernando Zúñiga
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107159245
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Voice by : Fernando Zúñiga

Download or read book Grammatical Voice written by Fernando Zúñiga and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first ever textbook devoted to the cross-linguistic study of voice, covering various topics and discussing data from numerous languages.

The Grammatical Voice in Japanese

Author : Junichi Toyota
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443834211
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grammatical Voice in Japanese by : Junichi Toyota

Download or read book The Grammatical Voice in Japanese written by Junichi Toyota and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph investigates how Japanese employs different structures found in the grammatical voice, both synchronically and diachronically. The Japanese voice system, especially the passive voice, has provided much interesting data for typological comparison, and Japanese examples are often cited in various linguistic works. However, the basic structure consisting of a suffix -(r)are is taken for granted as the passive voice, but it has not been thoroughly compared with various structures with similar functions in other languages. It is argued here that various typological comparisons can reveal different interpretations of structures often analysed under a term ‘grammatical voice’ in Japanese. The main argument proposed in this book is that the Japanese passive originates from an earlier middle voice structure. As the language evolved, the middle voice lost its core function and became more like the passive voice, leaving some residues of earlier middle voice structure even in Modern Japanese. This developmental path is typologically very common, but it has not been recognised in the history of Japanese. This will make the voice continuum in Japanese more complex, i.e. from a conventional active-passive binary pair to a newly proposed active-middle-passive ternary pair. Thus, the presence of the middle voice in Japanese can provide various solutions to questions that are previously considered in relation to the passive voice. The book starts off with a description of different structures normally discussed under the passive voice in Japanese, and five structures are presented here. Following this, both syntactic and semantic features of the Japanese voice system are discussed separately. These discussions will raise some oddities that are not dealt with satisfactorily in previous analysis, and these points are analysed in historical comparison. Apart from the basic description of five structures, certain grammatical features are studied by comparing Japanese data with similar structures and functions in other languages. In addition, there is a small amount of data used for indicating frequency of structures in the basic description.

Voice and Grammatical Relations

Author : Masayoshi Shibatani
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027229767
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice and Grammatical Relations by : Masayoshi Shibatani

Download or read book Voice and Grammatical Relations written by Masayoshi Shibatani and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents thirteen original papers dealing with various aspects of two related areas of research of major concern to linguists of all theoretical persuasions: voice and grammatical relations. The papers are written from typological, functional, and cognitive perspectives, and contain of a number of general studies as well as studies focusing on specific issues, and offer a wealth of data from a broad range of languages. The volume provides up-to-date discussions of an array of issues of theoretical concern, including the nature of grammatical relations, voice in agent/patient systems, the expression vs non-expression of participant roles, and personal vs impersonal passives. The papers in the volume demonstrate that investigations into the nature of voice and grammatical relations can still yield fresh theoretical and typological insights.

A Review of Some Grammatical Errors and Faulty Expressions in English

Author : David Theodore Ackah Jr.
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1524628573
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis A Review of Some Grammatical Errors and Faulty Expressions in English by : David Theodore Ackah Jr.

Download or read book A Review of Some Grammatical Errors and Faulty Expressions in English written by David Theodore Ackah Jr. and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2016-02-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This educational book teaches its user, the essential techniques that will enable identification of the common pitfalls of grammar, and how to avoid them.

The Grammatical Voice in Japanese

Author : Junichi Toyota
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781443833509
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (335 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grammatical Voice in Japanese by : Junichi Toyota

Download or read book The Grammatical Voice in Japanese written by Junichi Toyota and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph investigates how Japanese employs different structures found in the grammatical voice, both synchronically and diachronically. The Japanese voice system, especially the passive voice, has provided much interesting data for typological comparison, and Japanese examples are often cited in various linguistic works. However, the basic structure consisting of a suffix -(r)are is taken for granted as the passive voice, but it has not been thoroughly compared with various structures with similar functions in other languages. It is argued here that various typological comparisons can reveal different interpretations of structures often analysed under a term â ~grammatical voiceâ (TM) in Japanese. The main argument proposed in this book is that the Japanese passive originates from an earlier middle voice structure. As the language evolved, the middle voice lost its core function and became more like the passive voice, leaving some residues of earlier middle voice structure even in Modern Japanese. This developmental path is typologically very common, but it has not been recognised in the history of Japanese. This will make the voice continuum in Japanese more complex, i.e. from a conventional active-passive binary pair to a newly proposed active-middle-passive ternary pair. Thus, the presence of the middle voice in Japanese can provide various solutions to questions that are previously considered in relation to the passive voice. The book starts off with a description of different structures normally discussed under the passive voice in Japanese, and five structures are presented here. Following this, both syntactic and semantic features of the Japanese voice system are discussed separately. These discussions will raise some oddities that are not dealt with satisfactorily in previous analysis, and these points are analysed in historical comparison. Apart from the basic description of five structures, certain grammatical features are studied by comparing Japanese data with similar structures and functions in other languages. In addition, there is a small amount of data used for indicating frequency of structures in the basic description.

Voice syncretism

Author : Nicklas N. Bahrt
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961103194
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Voice syncretism by : Nicklas N. Bahrt

Download or read book Voice syncretism written by Nicklas N. Bahrt and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive typological account of voice syncretism, focusing on resemblance in formal verbal marking between two or more of the following seven voices: passives, antipassives, reflexives, reciprocals, anticausatives, causatives, and applicatives. It covers voice syncretism from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and has been structured in a manner that facilitates convenient access to information about specific patterns of voice syncretism, their distribution and development. The book is based on a survey of voice syncretism in 222 geographically and genealogically diverse languages, but also thoroughly revisits previous research on the phenomenon. Voice syncretism is approached systematically by establishing and exploring patterns of voice syncretism that can logically be posited for the seven voices of focus in the book: 21 simplex patterns when one considers two of the seven voices sharing the same marking (e.g. reflexive-reciprocal syncretism), and 99 complex patterns when one considers more than two of the voices sharing the same marking (e.g. reflexive-reciprocal-anticausative syncretism). In a similar vein, 42 paths of development can logically be posited if it is assumed that voice marking in each of the seven voices can potentially develop one of the other six voice functions (e.g. reflexive voice marking developing a reciprocal function). This approach enables the discussion of both voice syncretism that has received considerable attention in the literature (notably middle syncretism involving the reflexive, reciprocal, anticausative and/or passive voices) and voice syncretism that has received little or not treatment in the past (including seemingly contradictory patterns such as causative-anticausative and passive-antipassive syncretism). In the survey almost all simplex patterns are attested in addition to seventeen complex patterns. In terms of diachrony, evidence is presented and discussed for twenty paths of development. The book strives to highlight the variation found in voice syncretism across the world’s languages and encourage further research into the phenomenon.

Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations

Author : William Croft
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226120902
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations by : William Croft

Download or read book Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations written by William Croft and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analiza: Metodología sintáctica y gramática universal; Bases de las "marcas" lingúísticas para las categorías sintácticas; Hacia una definición externa de las categorias sintácticas; Roles temáticos, semántica verbal y estructura causal; Marcas de casos y orden causal de participantes; Formas verbales y conceptualización de los sucesos.

Grammar By Diagram - Second Edition

Author : Cindy L. Vitto
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 9781551117782
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammar By Diagram - Second Edition by : Cindy L. Vitto

Download or read book Grammar By Diagram - Second Edition written by Cindy L. Vitto and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2006-07-10 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grammar by Diagram, second edition is a book designed for anyone who wishes to improve grammatical understanding and skill. Using traditional sentence diagraming as a visual tool, the book explains how to expand simple sentences into compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, and how to employ verbals (infinitives, gerunds, and participles) and other structures for additional variety. The text addresses the most frequent usage errors by explaining how to distinguish between adjectives and adverbs; how to avoid problems of pronoun case, agreement, and consistency; how to ensure that verbs will agree with their subjects and will be appropriate in terms of tense, aspect, voice, and mood; and how to phrase sentences to avoid errors in parallelism or placement of modifiers. Six appendices incorporate further exercises, a summary of key basics from the text, and supplemental material not included in the body of the text but useful for quick reference. This new edition includes additional exercises and has been revised and updated throughout.

Grammatical Primer

Author : Walton Felch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Primer by : Walton Felch

Download or read book Grammatical Primer written by Walton Felch and published by . This book was released on 1841 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Grammatical Relations

Author : Patrick Farrell
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191532576
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Relations by : Patrick Farrell

Download or read book Grammatical Relations written by Patrick Farrell and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Farrell explains how grammatical relations are characterized in modern theories of grammar. He describes the historical development and conceptual precedents of competing theories and, ranging across a wide variety of languages, considers what their merits and limitations are in different contexts. He examines their conceptions of relations such as subject, object, indirect object, agent, patient, and actor, and their accounts of such syntactic phenomena as ergativity, split intransitivity, voice alternations, and case marking. Professor Farrell compares mainstream generative-transformational approaches with both formalist and functionalist alternative approaches, revealing points of convergence and divergence. He identifies and discusses problems and issues of continuing concern and considers how these might be resolved. This is an ideal introduction for graduate students and will be a valuable reference for theoretical linguists of all persuasions. Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology General editor: Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. Advisory editors: Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice; Daniel Everett, University of Manchester; Adele Goldberg, Princeton University; Kees Hengeveld, University of Amsterdam; Caroline Heycock, University of Edinburgh; David Pesetsky, MIT; Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge; Masayoshi Shibatani, Rice University; Andrew Spencer, University of Essex; Tom Wasow, Stanford University This series provides surveys of the major approaches to subjects and questions at the centre of linguistic research in morphosyntax. Its volumes are accessible, critical, and up-to-date. Individually and collectively they reveal the value of the field's intellectual history and theoretical diversity. The books provide graduate students of syntax, morphology and related aspects of semantics with a vital source of information and reference, and are designed for use in graduate courses. They give the context by which specialist articles can be fully understood. They provide useful background reading for advanced undergraduates researching a specific area. Published Grammatical Relations by Patrick Farrell In preparation Phrase Structure by Andrew Carnie Syntactic Categories by Gisa Rauh Morphology and the Lexicon by Daniel Everett The Phonology-Morphology Interface by Sharon Inkelas Argument Structure: The Syntax-Lexicon Interface by Stephen Weschler The Syntax-Semantics Interface by Jean-Pierre Koenig Information Structure: the Syntax-Discourse Interface by Nomi Erteschik-Shir Language Universals and Universal Grammar by Anna Siewierska Syntactic Change by Olga Fischer Computational Approaches to Syntax and Morphology by Brian Roark and Richard Sproat The Acquisition of Syntax and Morphology by Shanley Allen and Heike Behrens

Grammatical Voice in Classical Greek

Author : Paul Kent Andersen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Voice in Classical Greek by : Paul Kent Andersen

Download or read book Grammatical Voice in Classical Greek written by Paul Kent Andersen and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is yet another investigation of grammatical voice in Classical Greek, but this time with a twist and a chaser. It will be based on empirical evidence collected from 44 original Classical Greek texts by 15 different authors. As such, the results of this investigation could not be any clearer: after decades of intensive research by generations of modern linguists, no one has even come close to scratching the surface of grammatical voice in Classical Greek. This is particularly disappointing, since Classical Greek was the very first language for which the category grammatical voice was established and one would expect this language, among all others, to be the most researched. It is furthermore rather disappointing that, as far as we can determine, not a single modern linguist has ever actually read what Thrax wrote about grammatical voice in Classical Greek, what the later Greek grammarians wrote, much of which represented commentaries on Thrax, and what the Roman grammarians wrote about grammatical voice in Latin. Our investigation revealed at least 6 distinct morphological means of expressing grammatical voice as well as numerous ways grammatical voice is combined and exploited in Classical Greek. But perhaps the most important result of our investigation was the discovery of 24 distinct grammatical expressions (syntactic constructions) that can have the sense of the passive, 9 of which were main clause constructions, 11 were subordinate clause constructions and 4 were nominalizations. More interesting was the discovery that in 14 of these expressions grammatical voice was morphologically expressed twice. Yet, there is no empirically valid evidence nor scientifically and logically sound argument that could possibly support the contention of their being passive morphology in the Classical Greek language.

The Grammatical Reading Class-book; Or, Easy Introduction to English Grammar

Author : Helen Wood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grammatical Reading Class-book; Or, Easy Introduction to English Grammar by : Helen Wood

Download or read book The Grammatical Reading Class-book; Or, Easy Introduction to English Grammar written by Helen Wood and published by . This book was released on 1841 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Typological Perspective on Latvian Grammar

Author : Andra Kalnaca
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110411318
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis A Typological Perspective on Latvian Grammar by : Andra Kalnaca

Download or read book A Typological Perspective on Latvian Grammar written by Andra Kalnaca and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical studies of Latvian grammar have a great deal to offer to contemporary linguistics. Although traditionally Lithuanian has been the most widely studied Baltic language in diachronic and synchronic linguistics alike, Latvian has a number of distinctive features that can prove valuable both for historical, and perhaps even more so, for synchronic language research. Therefore, at the very least, contemporary typological, areal, and language contact studies involving Baltic languages should account for data from Latvian. Typologically, Latvian grammar is a classic Indo-European (Baltic) system with well-developed inflection and derivation. However, it also bears certain similarities to the Finno-Ugric languages, which can be reasonably explained by its areal and historical background. This applies, for example, to the mood system and its connections with modality and evidentiality in Latvian, also to the correlation between aspect and quantity as manifested in verbal and nominal (case) forms. The relations between debitive mood, certain constructions with reflexive verbs, and voice in Latvian are intriguing examples of unusual morphosyntactic features. Accordingly, the book focuses on the following topics: case system and declension (with emphasis on the polyfunctionality of case forms), gender, conjugation, tense and personal forms, aspect, mood, modality and evidentiality, reflexive verbs, and voice. The examples included in this book have been taken from the Balanced Corpus of Modern Latvian (Lidzsvarots musdienu latviešu valodas tekstu korpuss, available at www.korpuss.lv), www.google.lv, mass media, and fiction texts (see the List of language sources) without regard to relative frequency ratios.

Passive and Voice

Author : Masayoshi Shibatani
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027286132
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Passive and Voice by : Masayoshi Shibatani

Download or read book Passive and Voice written by Masayoshi Shibatani and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together 18 original papers dealing with voice-related phenomena.The languages dealt with represent both typological and geographic diversity, ranging from accusative-type languages to ergative-type and Philippine-type languages, and from Australia to Africa and Siberia. The studies presented here open up many possibilities for theorizing and offer data inviting formal treatments, but the most important contribution they make is in terms of the insights they offer for a better understanding of the fundamentals of voice phenomena.

Grammatical Categories

Author : M. Rita Manzini
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139500430
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammatical Categories by : M. Rita Manzini

Download or read book Grammatical Categories written by M. Rita Manzini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grammatical categories (e.g. complementizer, negation, auxiliary, case) are some of the most important building blocks of syntax and morphology. Categorization therefore poses fundamental questions about grammatical structures and about the lexicon from which they are built. Adopting a 'lexicalist' stance, the authors argue that lexical items are not epiphenomena, but really represent the mapping of sound to meaning (and vice versa) that classical conceptions imply. Their rule-governed combination creates words, phrases and sentences - structured by the 'categories' that are the object of the present inquiry. They argue that the distinction between functional and non-functional categories, between content words and inflections, is not as deeply rooted in grammar as is often thought. In their argumentation they lay the emphasis on empirical evidence, drawn mainly from dialectal variation in the Romance languages, as well as from Albanian.

A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala

Author : Saudah Namyalo
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961103291
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala by : Saudah Namyalo

Download or read book A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala written by Saudah Namyalo and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a dictionary and grammar sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala, a Great Lakes Bantu language spoken by over 200,000 people in central Uganda. The dictionary part includes about 10,000 entries. Each lexical entry provides translations into English, example sentences, and basic grammatical information. The dictionary part is supplemented with an outline of the Ruruuli-Lunyala grammar, which treats most of the phonological and morpho-syntactic topics. This book is a result of a joined effort of a large team of linguists and many speakers of Ruruuli-Lunyala and is intended as a resource for linguists and Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers, learners, and educators.