Grammar Of The Congo Language

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A Grammar of Nzadi [B865]

Author : Thera Marie Crane
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520098862
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Nzadi [B865] by : Thera Marie Crane

Download or read book A Grammar of Nzadi [B865] written by Thera Marie Crane and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the first documentation of Nzadi, a Bantu language spoken by fishermen along the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is the product of extensive study by the authors and participants in field methods and group study courses at the University of California, Berkeley, and consists of ten chapters covering the segmental phonology, tone system, morphology, and sentence structure, followed by appendices on the Nzadi people and history and on Proto-Bantu to Nzadi sound changes. Also included are three texts and a lexicon of over 1100 entries, including a number of fish species. Prior to this work, Nzadi had not even been mentioned in the literature, and at this time still has no entry as a language or dialect in the Ethnologue. Of particular interest in the study of Nzadi is its considerable grammatical simplification, resulting in structures quite different from those of canonical Bantu languages. Although Nzadi has lost most of the inherited agglutinative morphology, there are still recognizable class prefixes on nouns and a reflex of noun class agreement in genitive constructions. Other areas of particular interest are human/number agreement, tense-aspect-mood marking, non-subject relative clause constructions, and WH question formation. This succinct, but comprehensive grammar provides broad coverage of the phonological, grammatical and semantic properties that will be of potential interest not only to Bantuists, Africanists and those interested in this area of the DRC, but also to typologists, general linguists, and students of linguistics.

Dictionary and Grammar of the Kongo Language, as Spoken at San Salvador, the Ancient Capital of the Old Kongo Empire, West Africa

Author : W. Holman Bentley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789354032103
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary and Grammar of the Kongo Language, as Spoken at San Salvador, the Ancient Capital of the Old Kongo Empire, West Africa by : W. Holman Bentley

Download or read book Dictionary and Grammar of the Kongo Language, as Spoken at San Salvador, the Ancient Capital of the Old Kongo Empire, West Africa written by W. Holman Bentley and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A grammar of Pichi

Author : Kofi Yakpo
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961101337
Total Pages : 645 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Pichi by : Kofi Yakpo

Download or read book A grammar of Pichi written by Kofi Yakpo and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating. Pichi has a rich system of tense-aspect-mood marking, an indicative-subjunctive opposition, and a complex copular system with several suppletive forms. Many features align Pichi with the Atlantic-Congo languages spoken in the West African littoral zone. At the same time, characteristics like the prenominal position of adjectives and determiners show a typological overlap with its lexifier English, while extensive contact with Spanish has left an imprint on the lexicon and grammar as well.

East Benue-Congo

Author : John R. Watters
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961101000
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis East Benue-Congo by : John R. Watters

Download or read book East Benue-Congo written by John R. Watters and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first in what hopefully will be a growing set of edited volumes and monographs concerning Niger-Congo comparative studies. This first volume addresses matters that are relevant to the entire East Benue-Congo family as well as the particular branches Kainji, Plateau, and Bantoid. In the case of Bantoid, the particular focus is on Grassfields and the Grassfields-Bantu borderland, though other Bantoid subgroups are referenced. The potential topics for comparative studies among these languages are numerous, but this volume is dedicated to presentations on nominal affixes, third person pronouns, and verbal extensions. A forthcoming volume will provide some results of reconstructions and lexicostatistics in Cross River, exploratory reconstructions in Southern Jukunoid, and reconstructions in Ekoid-Mbe and Mambiloid.

A grammar of Gyeli

Author : Nadine Grimm
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961103119
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Gyeli by : Nadine Grimm

Download or read book A grammar of Gyeli written by Nadine Grimm and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar offers a grammatical description of the Ngòló variety of Gyeli, an endangered Bantu (A80) language spoken by 4,000-5,000 "Pygmy" hunter-gatherers in southern Cameroon. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. The grammatical description, which is couched in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli phonology to its information structure and complex clauses. It draws on nineteen months of fieldwork carried out as part of the "Bagyeli/Bakola" DoBeS (Documentation of Endangered Languages) project between 2010 and 2014. The resulting multimodal corpus from that project, which includes texts of diverse genres such as traditional stories, narratives, multi-party conversations and dialogues, procedural texts, and songs, provides the empirical basis for the grammatical description. The documentary text collection, supplemented by data from elicitation work, questionnaires, and experiments, are accessible in the Bagyeli/Bakola collection of The Language Archive. With additional ethnographic, sociolinguistic, diachronic, and comparative remarks, the grammar may appeal to a wider audience in general linguistics, typology, Bantu studies, and anthropology. In 2019, the grammar received the Pāṇini Award by the Association for Linguistic Typology.

A grammar of Moloko

Author : Dianne Friesen
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3946234631
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Moloko by : Dianne Friesen

Download or read book A grammar of Moloko written by Dianne Friesen and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Moloko, a Chadic language spoken by about 10,000 speakers in northern Cameroon. The grammar was developed from hours and years that the authors spent at friends’ houses hearing and recording stories, hours spent listening to the tapes and transcribing the stories, then translating them and studying the language through them. Time was spent together and with others speaking the language and talking about it, translating resources and talking to Moloko people about them. Grammar and phonology discoveries were made in the office, in the fields while working, and at gatherings. In the process, the four authors have become more and more passionate about the Moloko language and are eager to share their knowledge about it with others. Intriguing phonological aspects of Moloko include the fact that words have a consonantal skeleton and only one underlying vowel (but with ten phonetic variants). The simplicity of the vowel system contrasts with the complexity of the verb word, which can include information (in addition to the verbal idea) about subject, direct object (semantic Theme), indirect object (recipient or beneficiary), direction, location, aspect (Imperfective and Perfective), mood (indicative, irrealis, iterative), and Perfect aspect. Some of the fascinating aspects about the grammar of Moloko include transitivity issues, question formation, presupposition, and the absence of simple adjectives as a grammatical class. Most verbs are not inherently transitive or intransitive, but rather the semantics is tied to the number and type of core grammatical relations in a clause. Morphologically, two types of verb pronominals indicate two kinds of direct object; both are found in ditransitive clauses. Noun incorporation of special ‘body-part’ nouns in some verbs adds another grammatical argument and changes the lexical characteristics of the verb. Clauses of zero transitivity can occur in main clauses due to the use of dependent verb forms and ideophones. Question formation is interesting in that the interrogative pronoun is clause-final for most constructions. The clause will sometimes be reconfigured so that the interrogative pronoun can be clause-final. Expectation is a foundational pillar for Moloko grammar. Three types of irrealis mood relate to speaker’s expectation concerning the accomplishment of an event. Clauses are organised around the concept of presupposition, through the use of the na-construction. Known or expected elements are marked with the na particle. There are no simple adjectives in Moloko; all adjectives are derived from nouns. The authors invite others to further explore the intricacies of the phonology and grammar of this intriguing language.

Focus Strategies in African Languages

Author : Enoch Oladé Aboh
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 9783110195934
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis Focus Strategies in African Languages by : Enoch Oladé Aboh

Download or read book Focus Strategies in African Languages written by Enoch Oladé Aboh and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2007 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains a collection of articles on focus in the Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic language groups. This book investigates focus-related phenomena from different theoretical and methodological perspectives: the interaction of focus and prosody, the effect of focus on word order, the inventory of focus-marking devices, and others.

The Ik language

Author : Terrill B. Schrock
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3944675959
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ik language by : Terrill B. Schrock

Download or read book The Ik language written by Terrill B. Schrock and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a dictionary and grammar sketch of Ik, one of the three Kuliak (Rub) languages spoken in the beautiful Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda. It is the lexicographic sequel to \textit{A grammar of Ik (Icé-tód): Northeast Uganda’s last thriving Kuliak language} (Schrock 2014). The present volume includes an Ik-English dictionary with roughly 8,700 entries, followed by a reversed English-Ik index. These two main sections are then supplemented with an outline of Ik grammar that is comprehensive in its coverage of topics and written in a simple style, using standard linguistic terminology in a way that is accessible to interested non-linguists as well. This book may prove useful for language preservation and development among the Ik people, as a reference tool for non-Ik learners of the language, and as a source of data, not only for the comparative study of Kuliak but also the wider Afroasiatic and Nilo-Saharan language families.

A Grammar of the Kolokuma Dialect of Ịjọ

Author : Kay Williamson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521175265
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (752 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of the Kolokuma Dialect of Ịjọ by : Kay Williamson

Download or read book A Grammar of the Kolokuma Dialect of Ịjọ written by Kay Williamson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1969 monograph is a descriptive grammar of a dialect of Ịjọor (Ijaw), a language spoken in the Niger Delta area of Southern Nigeria. The dialect described, Kolokuma, is quite widely understood. The most interesting features of the language, on which the monograph concentrates, are its syntax and tonal system.

A grammar of Yakkha

Author : Diana Schackow
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3946234119
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Yakkha by : Diana Schackow

Download or read book A grammar of Yakkha written by Diana Schackow and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Yakkha, a Sino-Tibetan language of the Kiranti branch. Yakkha is spoken by about 14,000 speakers in eastern Nepal, in the Sankhuwa Sabha and Dhankuta districts. The grammar is based on original fieldwork in the Yakkha community. Its primary source of data is a corpus of 13,000 clauses from narratives and naturally-occurring social interaction which the author recorded and transcribed between 2009 and 2012. Corpus analyses were complemented by targeted elicitation. The grammar is written in a functional-typological framework. It focusses on morphosyntactic and semantic issues, as these present highly complex and comparatively under-researched fields in Kiranti languages. The sequence of the chapters follows the well-established order of phonological, morphological, syntactic and discourse-structural descriptions. These are supplemented by a historical and sociolinguistic introduction as well as an analysis of the complex kinship terminology. Topics such as verbal person marking, argument structure, transitivity, complex predication, grammatical relations, clause linkage, nominalization, and the topography-based orientation system have received in-depth treatment. Wherever possible, the structures found were explained in a historical-comparative perspective in order to shed more light on how their particular properties have emerged.

A Grammar of Rapa Nui

Author : Paulus Kieviet
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3946234755
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Rapa Nui by : Paulus Kieviet

Download or read book A Grammar of Rapa Nui written by Paulus Kieviet and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive description of the grammar of Rapa Nui, the Polynesian language spoken on Easter Island. After an introductory chapter, the grammar deals with phonology, word classes, the noun phrase, possession, the verb phrase, verbal and nonverbal clauses, mood and negation, and clause combinations. The phonology of Rapa Nui reveals certain issues of typological interest, such as the existence of strict conditions on the phonological shape of words, word-final devoicing, and reduplication patterns motivated by metrical constraints. For Polynesian languages, the distinction between nouns and verbs in the lexicon has often been denied; in this grammar it is argued that this distinction is needed for Rapa Nui. Rapa Nui has sometimes been characterised as an ergative language; this grammar shows that it is unambiguously accusative. Subject and object marking depend on an interplay of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. Other distinctive features of the language include the existence of a ‘neutral’ aspect marker, a serial verb construction, the emergence of copula verbs, a possessive-relative construction, and a tendency to maximise the use of the nominal domain. Rapa Nui’s relationship to the other Polynesian languages is a recurring theme in this grammar; the relationship to Tahitian (which has profoundly influenced Rapa Nui) especially deserves attention. The grammar is supplemented with a number of interlinear texts, two maps and a subject index.

The Kifuliiru Language: A descriptive grammar

Author : Karen Van Otterloo
Publisher : Sil International, Global Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781556712708
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis The Kifuliiru Language: A descriptive grammar by : Karen Van Otterloo

Download or read book The Kifuliiru Language: A descriptive grammar written by Karen Van Otterloo and published by Sil International, Global Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking study addresses all grammatical levels of Kifuliiru, a Bantu J language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Together with its companion volume (The Kifuliiru Language: Volume 1: Tone, Phonology, and Morphological Derivation), this is one of the most thorough Bantu grammars available, aiming to describe all grammatical features found in over 100 narrative texts, and to provide natural examples. At the word level, this book covers nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, demonstratives, locatives, ideophones and interjections. The chapter on verbs catalogues the extremely wide range of tenses, aspects, and moods. There is a comprehensive chapter on reduplication, and another on proverbs. At the clause level, information structure is carefully presented, including possible alternations of the default clause word order. A complete set of distinct interclausal relations is also laid out. Of particular interest is a detailed study of narrative discourse, an area that most Bantu grammars to date do not cover. This study includes a fascinating section on tight-knit conversations. Also noted are various development markers, which demarcate two distinct levels of thematic salience. Intonation and pauses are also described, including a typical long pause between topic and comment. Many of the discourse features described in this book are common to Bantu languages, and thus this volume invites invite further comparative study. The contents of this book have already provided a springboard for extensive discourse study in dozens of related languages. Roger Van Otterloo received his Masters Degree in Linguistics from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1976. He and his wife Karen (author of Volume 1) have worked with SIL among the Kifuliiru-speaking community since 1980, living in their communities from 1980-1996.

A Grammar of Goemai

Author : Birgit Hellwig
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110238292
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Goemai by : Birgit Hellwig

Download or read book A Grammar of Goemai written by Birgit Hellwig and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first description of Goemai, a West Chadic language of Nigeria. Goemai is spoken in a language contact area, and this contact has shaped Goemai grammar to the extent that it can be considered a fairly untypical Chadic language. The grammar presents the structure of the present-day language, relates it to its diachronic sources, and adds a semantic perspective to the description.

A grammar of Yauyos Quechua

Author : Aviva Shimelman
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3946234216
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Yauyos Quechua by : Aviva Shimelman

Download or read book A grammar of Yauyos Quechua written by Aviva Shimelman and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a synchronic grammar of the southern dialects of Yauyos, an extremely endangered Quechuan language spoken in the Peruvian Andes. As the language is highly synthetic, the grammar focuses principally on morphology; a longer section is dedicated to the language's unusual evidential system. The grammar's 1400 examples are drawn from a 24-hour corpus of transcribed recordings collected in the course of the documentation of the language.

A Reference Grammar of Mbili

Author : Funwi F. Ayuninjam
Publisher : University Press of America
ISBN 13 : 9780761811206
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis A Reference Grammar of Mbili by : Funwi F. Ayuninjam

Download or read book A Reference Grammar of Mbili written by Funwi F. Ayuninjam and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1998 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Reference Grammar of Mbili explores the major linguistic components of the Mbili language from a primarily descriptive point of view and within the cultural context of this Bantu language spoken in Cameroon. It presents a detailed and accessible account of the roots and history of the language, clearly situated within both the Niger Congo language group in general and the Grassfield Bantu language sub group specifically. The language portion begins with a descriptive introduction to the sound segments of Mbili and the methods of combining them. It then moves into the suprasegments of the language, including tone, stress, and intonation; it investigates the interaction of tone, tense, and mood, as well as the distribution of tone and intonation in Mbili. Segmental and suprasegmental phonemes are related in terms of what they require, tolerate, and exclude. The next presentation deals with the morphology of nouns and verbs. On the one hand it establishes a structural identification of the noun classes and determines a functional and semantic categorization of the classifiers; on the other hand it identifies and relates the temporal, aspectual, and modal categories of Mbili, and also studies the semantics of the verb through a case grammar analysis. Finally, the book approaches syntax through a clause and sentence level of analysis to explain the nature of sentence structure in a manner related to English sentence structure. The appendix contains a lexicon as well as traditional folk stories and their translations to convey aspects of Cameroonian culture and examples of the nature of the Mbili language.

A grammar of Sanzhi Dargwa

Author : Diana Forker
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961101965
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Sanzhi Dargwa by : Diana Forker

Download or read book A grammar of Sanzhi Dargwa written by Diana Forker and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanzhi Dargwa belongs to the Dargwa (Dargi) languages (ISO dar; Glottocode sanz1248) which form a subgroup of the East Caucasian (Nakh-Dagestanian) language family. Sanzhi Dargwa is spoken by approximately 250 speakers and is severely endangered. This book is the first comprehensive descriptive grammar of Sanzhi, written from a typological perspective. It treats all major levels of grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax) and also information structure. Sanzhi Dargwa is structurally similar to other East Caucasian languages, in particular Dargwa languages. It has a relatively large consonant inventory including pharyngeal and ejective consonants. Sanzhi morphology is concatenative and mainly suffixing. The language exhibits a mixture of dependent-marking in the form of a rich case inventory and head-marking in the form of verbal agreement. Nouns are divided into three genders. Verbal inflection conflates tense/aspect/mood/evidentiality in a rich array of synthetic and analytic verb forms as well as participles, converbs, a masdar (verbal noun), and infinitive and some other forms used in analytic tenses and subordinate clauses. Salient traits of the grammar are two independently operating agreement systems: gender/number agreement and person agreement. Within the nominal domain, modifiers agree with the head nominal in gender/number. Agreement within the clausal domain is mainly controlled by the argument in the absolutive case. Person agreement operates only at the clausal level and according to the person hierarchy 1, 2 > 3. Sanzhi has ergative alignment in the form of gender/number agreement and ergative case marking. The most frequent word order at the clause level is SOV, though all other logically possible word orders are also attested. In subordinate clauses, word order is almost exclusively head-final.

The Grammar of Repetition

Author : Jason Kandybowicz
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027255199
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grammar of Repetition by : Jason Kandybowicz

Download or read book The Grammar of Repetition written by Jason Kandybowicz and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Displacement is a fundamental property of grammar. Typically, when an occurrence moves it is pronounced in only one environment. This was previously viewed as a primitive/irreducible property of grammar. Recent work, however, suggests that it follows from principled interactions between the syntactic and phonological components of grammar. As such, the phonetic character of movement chains can be seen as both a reflection of and probe into the syntax-phonology interface. This volume deals with repetition, an atypical outcome of movement operations in which displaced elements are pronounced multiple times. Although cross-linguistically rare, the phenomenon obtains robustly in Nupe, a Benue-Congo language of Nigeria. Repetition raises a tension of the descriptive-explanatory variety. In order to achieve both measures of adequacy, movement theory must be supplemented with an account of the conditions that drive and constrain multiple pronunciation. This book catalogs these conditions, bringing to light a number of undocumented aspects of Nupe grammar.