Gouvernance de la biodiversité en milieux anthropiques

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Gouvernance de la biodiversité en milieux anthropiques by : Zina Skandrani

Download or read book Gouvernance de la biodiversité en milieux anthropiques written by Zina Skandrani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse de doctorat propose des réflexions théoriques sur la gestion de conflits autour de la conservation et de la gouvernance de la biodiversité dans des lieux jusque récemment exclusivement pensés pour les humains. L’objectif général de mon travail a été de souligner dans quelle mesure les représentations de la nature peuvent entraver des efforts de conservation et à travers quels processus socio-écologiques ces dernières sont établies. Plus précisément, j’ai étudié les interactions réciproques entre représentations sociales de la biodiversité et dynamiques socio-écologiques, ou comment certaines conceptions sur la biodiversité sont activement produites et véhiculées par des dynamiques d’interactions entre les composantes humaines et non-humaines de la nature. De plus, j’ai montré dans quelle mesure ces conceptions peuvent être à l’origine de réticences sur des sujets environnementaux, en particulier quand de nouvelles conceptions impliquent des redéfinitions de l’espace et des relations humains-biodiversité-environnement. Ces réflexions théoriques s’appuient sur des travaux empiriques de recherche en milieu urbain. Ici, j’ai considéré les écosystèmes urbains comme des socio-écosystèmes composés de dynamiques sociales, politiques/institutionnelles et écologiques interconnectées. En cela, ces études s’inspirent de cadres d’analyse des systèmes socio-écologiques (Ostrom 2009), de la théorie de la résilience (Folke 2006), de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau (Latour 1994) et de la théorie des représentations sociales (Moscovici 2000). Excepté pour un cas, les recherches menées prennent les pigeons urbains (Columba livia) comme modèle d’analyse. Le pigeon urbain a en effet ceci de particulier qu’il n’a jamais existé ‘à l’état sauvage’ et a toujours eu son habitat ‘naturel’ parmi les humains (Johnston et Janiga 1995). En tant qu’animaux domestiqués, les pigeons ont été dotés de valeurs symboliques (d’amour, paix et fertilité) sur la base de leurs caractéristiques visibles (et désirées) (Jerolmack 2008). Alors qu’ils ont été « créés » par les humains pour un usage domestique, ils se sont ensuite échappés puis ré-ensauvagés (ou ‘féralisés’), et constituent ainsi ce qui pourrait être appelé un ‘hybride’ (sensu Latour), un produit de la nature et de la société, et même un double hybride (Jerolmack 2007). L’espèce est ainsi particulièrement intéressante dans ce travail, puisqu’il ne s’agit pas ‘juste’ d’un objet naturel mais d’un bon exemple à travers lequel la production socio-écologique de sens peut être étudiée. Le travail de thèse est présenté sous la forme de 5 articles ou manuscrits, suivant le cheminement suivant :1. La présence de la biodiversité en ville précède et conditionne sa problématisation ; elle constitue en cela un élément central à partir duquel les représentations de la biodiversité vont ensuite se développer. Cette présence n’est cependant pas fortuite. Ainsi, dans le premier article intitulé « Tolérance environnementale chez les oiseaux urbains : adaptation synanthropique ou plasticité phénotypique?», mes collègues et moi soulignons dans une perspective écologique, la « agency » des pigeons dans leur installation dans les espaces anthropiques. En étudiant la tolérance environnementale des pigeons, nous démontrons que ceux-ci tirent avantage de leurs propres caractéristiques au même degré que des particularités urbaines pour persister dans les villes. 2. Dans l’article « Espèces nuisibles : par-delà de la perspective écologique », nous utilisons le concept d’ « espèces nuisibles » et les changements dans les images des pigeons pour démontrer que les représentations de la nature et de la biodiversité sont produites par des processus historiques et d’interactions inter-espèces, avec de multiples facteurs d’influence, d’« agencies » et d’enjeux. Nous montrons en outre comment l’évolution de ces conceptions ou « socio-natures » (Swyngedouw 2004) sont au coeur de conflits contemporains au sujet des pigeons urbains dans de nombreuses métropoles. 3. Dans l’article « Ancrer le ‘paradoxe du pigeon’ : médiation des interactions avec la biodiversité ordinaire par le contexte public», nous illustrons ensuite, à travers une étude comportementale, les oppositions entre d’une part les encouragements officiels croissants pour une reconnexion avec la nature afin de renforcer la conscience environnementale, et d’autre part l’influence restrictive du contexte social normatif sur les interactions entre les humains et la nature urbaine au quotidien. 4. Dans l’article « Verdir la ville et ensuite ? Orientations similaires mais politiques publiques divergentes dans deux capitales européennes » nous nous détachons de l’exemple des pigeons urbains pour mettre en évidence, par une comparaison entre Paris et Berlin, comment différents discours institutionnels peuvent façonner les représentations de la nature : encouragement explicite de la restauration de la nature ou définition implicite des relations humains-nature à travers l’aménagement et la gestion des parcs urbains. Nous suggérons que des discours explicites et implicites contradictoires peuvent bloquer l’acceptation sociale de mesures institutionnelles de conservation en milieu urbain. 5. Enfin, dans l’article de conclusion « Modélisation d’un système socio-écologique urbain : vers une coexistence des citadins et des pigeons en ville », nous posons la question de la gestion et du contrôle des pigeons urbains et fournissons un exemple concret de médiation et de gouvernance intégrative dans un conflit social autour de la biodiversité urbaine, construit à partir des perceptions sur les pigeons et des facteurs d’influence sociaux et écologiques.

Les entreprises face à la gouvernance mondiale de la biodiversité

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Publisher : Editions L'Harmattan
ISBN 13 : 2296040608
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Les entreprises face à la gouvernance mondiale de la biodiversité by : Elise Rebut

Download or read book Les entreprises face à la gouvernance mondiale de la biodiversité written by Elise Rebut and published by Editions L'Harmattan. This book was released on 2007 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coral Reefs and Climate Change

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Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 0875903592
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney

Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.

The Mediterranean region under climate change

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Publisher : IRD Éditions
ISBN 13 : 2709922207
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mediterranean region under climate change by : Collectif

Download or read book The Mediterranean region under climate change written by Collectif and published by IRD Éditions. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.

Knowing our lands and resources

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Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231002104
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing our lands and resources by : Roué, Marie

Download or read book Knowing our lands and resources written by Roué, Marie and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine Protected Areas

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Protected Areas by : Joachim Claudet

Download or read book Marine Protected Areas written by Joachim Claudet and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides regional and global perspectives on the role of Marine Protected Areas in the restoration and conservation of biodiversity.

Environmental Quality, 1980

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Quality, 1980 by :

Download or read book Environmental Quality, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Forest Mensuration

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402059914
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest Mensuration by : Anthonie van Laar

Download or read book Forest Mensuration written by Anthonie van Laar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Van Laar and Akça’s popular text book, Forest Mensuration, was first published in 1997. Like that first edition, this modern update is based on extensive research, teaching and practical experience in both Europe, and the tropics and subtropics. However, it has also been extensively revised, and now includes chapters on remote sensing and the application of aerial photographs and satellite imagery. The book assumes no advanced knowledge of statistical methods, and combines practical techniques with important historical and disciplinary context. The result is a strong balance between a handbook and a valuable reference.

The European Landscape Convention

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048199328
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Landscape Convention by : Michael Jones

Download or read book The European Landscape Convention written by Michael Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important and insightful book provides, for the first time, a broad presentation of ongoing research into public participation in landscape conservation, management and planning, following the 2000 European Landscape Convention which came into force in 2004. The book examines both the theory of participation and what lessons can be learnt from specific European examples. It explores in what manner and to what extent the provisions for participation in the European Landscape Convention have been followed up and implemented. It also presents and compares different experiences of participation in selected countries from northern, southern, eastern and western Europe, and provides a critical examination of public participation in practice. However, while the book’s focus is necessarily on Europe, many of the conclusions drawn are of global relevance. The book provides a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students in landscape policies and management, as well as for professionals and others interested in land-use planning and environmental management.

Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030434842
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes by : Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi

Download or read book Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes written by Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal and estuarine environments at the interface of terrestrial and marine areas are among the most productive in the world. However, since the beginning of the industrial era, these ecosystems have been subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures intensified from the second half of the 20th century, when there was a marked acceleration in the warming (climate change) of the continents, particularly at high latitudes. Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to alteration of their physical, chemical and biological characteristics (marine intrusion, acidification of marine environments, changes in ecosystems, evolution and artificialization of the coastline, etc.).In contact with heavily populated areas, these environments are often the receptacle of a lot of chemical and biological pollution sources that significantly diminish their resilience. In this context of accelerated evolution and degradation of these areas important for food security of many populations around the world, it is necessary to better identify the factors of pressure and understand, at different scales of observation, their effects and impacts on the biodiversity and on the socio-eco-systems, in order to determine the degree of vulnerability of these coastal ecosystems and the risks they face. A transdisciplinary and integrated approach is required to prevent risks. Within this framework, operational coastal oceanography occupies an important place but also the implementation of a true socio-eco-system approach in order to set up an environmentally friendly development.

Ariosto's Bitter Harmony

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400858348
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Ariosto's Bitter Harmony by : Albert Russell Ascoli

Download or read book Ariosto's Bitter Harmony written by Albert Russell Ascoli and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the fundamental Ariostan pairing of education and madness, with all its implications for poetry, Professor Ascoli generates a global reading of the greatest literary work of the Italian Renaissance. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Narrative Across Media

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Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803289932
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Narrative Across Media by : Marie-Laure Ryan

Download or read book Narrative Across Media written by Marie-Laure Ryan and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narratology has been conceived from its earliest days as a project that transcends disciplines and media. The essays gathered here address the question of how narrative migrates, mutates, and creates meaning as it is expressed across various media. Dividing the inquiry into five areas: face-to-face narrative, still pictures, moving pictures, music, and digital media, Narrative across Media investigates how the intrinsic properties of the supporting medium shape the form of narrative and affect the narrative experience. Unlike other interdisciplinary approaches to narrative studies, all of which have tended to concentrate on narrative across language-supported fields, this unique collection provides a much-needed analysis of how narrative operates when expressed through visual, gestural, electronic, and musical means. In doing so, the collection redefines the act of storytelling. Although the fields of media and narrative studies have been invigorated by a variety of theoretical approaches, this volume seeks to avoid a dominant theoretical bias by providing instead a collection of concrete studies that inspire a direct look at texts rather than relying on a particular theory of interpretation. A contribution to both narrative and media studies, Narrative across Media is the first attempt to bridge the two disciplines.

Ariosto 1974 in America

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ariosto 1974 in America by : Aldo D. Scaglione

Download or read book Ariosto 1974 in America written by Aldo D. Scaglione and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

State of the World's Oceans

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402091168
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis State of the World's Oceans by : Michelle Allsopp

Download or read book State of the World's Oceans written by Michelle Allsopp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s oceans cover 70% of the earth’s surface and are home to a myriad of amazing and beautiful creatures. However, the biodiversity of the oceans is incre- ingly coming under serious threat from many human activities including overfi- ing, use of destructive fishing methods, pollution and commercial aquaculture. In addition, climate change is already having an impact on some marine ecosystems. This book discusses some of the major threats facing marine ecosystems by cons- ering a range of topics, under chapters discussing biodiversity (Chapter 1), fisheries (Chapter 2), aquaculture (Chapter 3), pollution (Chapter 4) and the impacts of increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Chapter 5). It goes on to explore solutions to the problems by discussing equitable and sustainable management of the oceans (Chapter 6) and protecting marine ecosystems using marine reserves (Chapter 7). Presently, 76% of the oceans are fully or over-exploited with respect to fishing, and many species have been severely depleted. It is abundantly clear that, in general, current fisheries management regimes are to blame for much of the widespread degradation of the oceans. Many policy-makers and scientists now agree that we must adopt a radical new approach to managing the seas – one that is precautionary in nature and has protection of the whole marine ecosystem as its primary objective. This ‘ecosystem-based approach’ is vital if we are to ensure the health of our oceans for future generations.

2nd Pan-African Symposium on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Africa

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Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831706904
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis 2nd Pan-African Symposium on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Africa by : Bihini won wa Musiti

Download or read book 2nd Pan-African Symposium on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Africa written by Bihini won wa Musiti and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2003 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bilingual publication results from a four-day symposium aimed at capturing the general directions and analytical issues that characterize approaches to sustainable use in Africa. The papers included in this work are organized under four major headings: modes of use, devolution, scale issues and external issues. Authors explore these themes through the use of case studies and the description of specific regional experiences. External issues are further explored in a series of commissioned policy papers which have also been included.

Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191637394
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning by : Martin Solan

Download or read book Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning written by Martin Solan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological composition and richness of most of the Earth's major ecosystems are being dramatically and irreversibly transformed by anthropogenic activity. Yet, despite the vast areal extent of our oceans, the mainstay of research to-date in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning arena has been weighted towards ecological observations and experimentation in terrestrial plant and soil systems. This book provides a framework for extending these concepts to a variety of marine systems. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning is the first book to address the latest advances in biodiversity-function science using marine examples. It brings together contributions from the leading scientists in the field to provide an in-depth evaluation of the science, before offering a perspective on future research directions for some of the most pressing environmental issues facing society today and in the future.

Agroecology

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Publisher : Practical Action
ISBN 13 : 9781853399947
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Agroecology by : Peter Rosset

Download or read book Agroecology written by Peter Rosset and published by Practical Action. This book was released on 2017 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : why agroecology? -- The scientific principles of agroecology -- The scientific evidence for agroecology : can it feed the world? -- Scaling up agroecology : social process and organization -- The politics of agroecology -- Conclusions : conform or transform?