Gold As International Reserves A Barbarous Relic No More

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Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More?

Author : Mr. Serkan Arslanalp
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? by : Mr. Serkan Arslanalp

Download or read book Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? written by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-01-27 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After moving slowly downward for the better part of four decades, central bank gold holdings have risen since the Global Financial Crisis. We identify 14 “active diversifiers,” defined as countries that purchased gold and raised its share in total reserves by at least 5 percentage points over the last two decades. In contrast to the diversification of foreign currency reserves, which has been undertaken by advanced and developing country central banks alike, active diversifiers into gold are exclusively emerging markets. We document two sets of factors contributing to this trend. First, gold appeals to central bank reserve managers as a safe haven in periods of economic, financial and geopolitical volatility, when the return on alternative financial assets is low. Second, the imposition of financial sanctions by the United States, United Kingdom, European Union and Japan, the main reserve-issuing economies, is associated with an increase in the share of central bank reserves held in the form of gold. There is some evidence that multilateral sanctions imposed by these, and other countries have a larger impact than unilateral sanctions on the share of reserves held in gold, since the latter leave scope for shifting reserves into the currencies of other non-sanctioning countries.

Do Old Habits Die Hard? Central Banks and the Bretton Woods Gold Puzzle

Author : Eric Monnet
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498326773
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Old Habits Die Hard? Central Banks and the Bretton Woods Gold Puzzle by : Eric Monnet

Download or read book Do Old Habits Die Hard? Central Banks and the Bretton Woods Gold Puzzle written by Eric Monnet and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did monetary authorities hold large gold reserves under Bretton Woods (1944–1971) when only the US had to? We argue that gold holdings were driven by institutional memory and persistent habits of central bankers. Countries continued to back currency in circulation with gold reserves, following rules of the pre-WWII gold standard. The longer an institution spent in the gold standard (and the older the policymakers), the stronger the correlation between gold reserves and currency. Since dollars and gold were not perfect substitutes, the Bretton Woods system never worked as expected. Even after radical institutional change, history still shapes the decisions of policymakers.

Gold and the International Monetary System

Author : André Astrow
Publisher : Chatham House Report
ISBN 13 : 9781862032606
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis Gold and the International Monetary System by : André Astrow

Download or read book Gold and the International Monetary System written by André Astrow and published by Chatham House Report. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To assess what contribution, if any, gold could make to the current international monetary system in the wake of the global financial crisis, Chatham House set up a global Taskforce of experts in 2011. The Taskforce explored the advantages and disadvantages of reintroducing gold in the system and identified a number of possible scenarios for reform. For gold to play a more formal role in the international monetary system, it would be imperative that it neither hinders the system's performance nor creates unacceptable constraints on national economic policies; Although the discipline a gold standard imposes on monetary policy may have been helpful in limiting the reckless banking and excessive debt accumulation of the past decade, the rigidity of a fixed price for gold would likely have been a serious handicap with the onset of the financial crisis when a much more flexible monetary response was required; There is no clear-cut role for gold as a policy indicator. The historical behaviour of the gold price does not provide a particularly good indicator for either monetary or fiscal policy. In fact, since the financial crisis, the rise in the gold price has indicated the need for tighter policies which, if implemented, could have been deeply damaging; Gold can serve as a hedge against declining values of key fiat currencies, and can also be useful for central banks, but its role as a hedge is not cost free. Indeed, a major downside of holding gold is that its price can be extremely volatile. Also, it generates no yield, other than capital gains which are only realised when it is sold. Gold, therefore, can form part of a portfolio of assets that spreads valuation risk, but on the other hand, it is not very effective as a sole reserve asset."--Publisher description.

Central Bank Balances and Reserve Requirements

Author : Mr.Simon Gray
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455217905
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Central Bank Balances and Reserve Requirements by : Mr.Simon Gray

Download or read book Central Bank Balances and Reserve Requirements written by Mr.Simon Gray and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most central banks oblige depository institutions to hold minimum reserves against their liabilities, predominantly in the form of balances at the central bank. The role of these reserve requirements has evolved significantly over time. The overlay of changing purposes and practices has the result that it is not always fully clear what the current purpose of reserve requirements is, and this necessarily complicates thinking about how a reserve regime should be structured. This paper describes three main purposes for reserve requirements - prudential, monetary control and liquidity management - and suggests best practice for the structure of a reserves regime. Finally, the paper illustrates current practices using a 2010 IMF survey of 121 central banks.

Floating Exchange Rates at Fifty

Author : MAURICE OBSTFELD
Publisher : Peterson Institute for International Economics
ISBN 13 : 0881327492
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Floating Exchange Rates at Fifty by : MAURICE OBSTFELD

Download or read book Floating Exchange Rates at Fifty written by MAURICE OBSTFELD and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years ago, in March 1973, the major industrial economies abandoned fixed exchange rates, conclusively ending the post–World War II Bretton Woods arrangements. Proponents believed their action would strengthen countries' ability to reconcile domestic macroeconomic policies with the balance of payments. But opponents feared it would initiate a new era of instability and financial shocks. Since 1973, much of the world has moved away from fixed exchange rates to a variety of regimes based on considerable exchange rate flexibility. But international trade conflicts and unstable capital flows, along with a rise in financial crises around the world, have nonetheless accompanied the global shift away from exchange rate pegs. How has the international monetary system performed over the past half century? What have we learned from the experience of more flexible exchange rates? What has been the impact on macroeconomic and financial stability in the years since? This book derives from papers delivered at a conference that brought together leading economists and policymakers to debate and discuss these questions, as well as to assess the evolution of the international monetary system, the dominance of the US dollar, and the role of exchange rate regimes in shaping the world economy.

Debt Surges—Drivers, Consequences, and Policy Implications

Author : Florian Schuster
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Debt Surges—Drivers, Consequences, and Policy Implications by : Florian Schuster

Download or read book Debt Surges—Drivers, Consequences, and Policy Implications written by Florian Schuster and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries find themselves with elevated debt levels, increased debt vulnerabilities, and tight financing conditions, while also facing increased spending needs for development and transition to a greener economy. This paper aims to place the current debt landscape in a historical context and investigate the drivers of debt surges, to what degree they result in a crisis as well as examine post-surge debt trajectories and under what conditions debt follows a non-declining path. We find that fiscal policy and stock-flow adjustments play important roles in debt dynamics with the valuation effects arising from currency depreciation explaining more than half of stock flow adjustments in LICs. Debt surges are estimated to result in a financial crisis with a probability of 11–20 percent and spending-driven fiscal expansions during debt surges tend to result in a high probability of non-declining debt path.

Safe Assets in the Global Economy

Author : Joanna Bogołębska
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040090230
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Safe Assets in the Global Economy by : Joanna Bogołębska

Download or read book Safe Assets in the Global Economy written by Joanna Bogołębska and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-31 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safe assets constitute an essential component of the contemporary, international financial system and are vital to its stability. As they are perceived as risk-free assets, they are a special type of financial instrument. Although the vast majority of safe assets are issued by governments, due to the increasing interdependence of economies, resulting from the liberalisation of capital flows, financial openness and the ineffectiveness of the international monetary system, issues relating to their significance, creation and allocation are global. This book combines theoretical threads by systematising the concept and characteristics of safe assets against the background of alternative financial instruments with empirical analyses that present trends in shaping demand, supply, price conditions and various interdependencies in the financial markets. It shows the position and role of safe assets in the global financial sector, in the context of ongoing challenges, such as the evolution of forms of money and the processes of currency competition, the outbreak of financial and economic crises, the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves, financial innovations, the scale of securitisation and monetary integration. Although safe assets are not a new category of financial assets, they are inherently connected with the evolution of money. Thus, this book examines the determinants of their creation, motives of holding and the consequences of a shortage – all within the changing nature of the international financial system. Historical, political and institutional backgrounds are taken into account. This book will appeal to researchers, scholars and advanced students of macroeconomics, international finance and economics, investment analysis, financial economics and econometrics.

The Battle of Bretton Woods

Author : Benn Steil
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691149097
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle of Bretton Woods by : Benn Steil

Download or read book The Battle of Bretton Woods written by Benn Steil and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recounts the events of the Bretton Woods accords, presents portaits of the two men at the center of the drama, and reveals Harry White's admiration for Soviet economic planning and communications with intelligence officers.

Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System

Author : José Antonio Ocampo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019871811X
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System by : José Antonio Ocampo

Download or read book Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System written by José Antonio Ocampo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Provides an analysis of the global monetary system and proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the system aimed at creating better monetary cooperation for the twenty-first century.

Lords of Finance

Author : Liaquat Ahamed
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9781594201820
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Lords of Finance by : Liaquat Ahamed

Download or read book Lords of Finance written by Liaquat Ahamed and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2009 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that the stock market crash of 1929 and subsequent Depression occurred as a result of poor decisions on the part of four central bankers who jointly attempted to reconstruct international finance by reinstating the gold standard.

The Future of the SDR in Light of Changes in the International Monetary System

Author : Mr.James M. Boughton
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 9781557756046
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of the SDR in Light of Changes in the International Monetary System by : Mr.James M. Boughton

Download or read book The Future of the SDR in Light of Changes in the International Monetary System written by Mr.James M. Boughton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-09-26 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book edited by Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard, records the proceedings of a seminar held at the IMF in March 1996 on the future of the special drawing right (SDR), given changes in the international monetary system since the inception of the SDR. The seminar focuses on the differences in opinion in the international community on the desirability or feasibility of an additional allocation of SDRs.

The Euro

Author : David Marsh
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300173903
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Euro by : David Marsh

Download or read book The Euro written by David Marsh and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive political and economic account of the birth and development of the Euro. Today the Euro is the supranational currency for sixteen European countries and the world's second-largest reserve currency. David Marsh tells the story of the rivalries, intrigues, and deal making that brought about a currency for Europe, and he analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of its first decade of existence. While the Euro represents a remarkable triumph of political will, great pressures are building on the single currency. Drawing on more than 100 interviews with leading figures associated with the Euro, and scores of secret documents from international archives, Marsh underscores the Euro's importance for the global economy, in particular for U.S. and British economic and political agendas. Hidden facts and fresh insights from The Euro --How the legacy of France and Germany's tortuous relations affects the Euro--Why the United Kingdom is unlikely to accept the Euro before 2025--The impact on the Euro of the U.S. credit crisis--How the Euro has rebounded against the aspirations of its founders--How Italy and Spain have massively lost competitiveness--Why radical changes must be adopted to prevent a European upheaval

The Case for Gold

Author : Ron Paul
Publisher : Cato Institute
ISBN 13 : 0932790313
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis The Case for Gold by : Ron Paul

Download or read book The Case for Gold written by Ron Paul and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 1982 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Rise and Fall of the Gold Standard

Author : Sir Charles Morgan-Webb
Publisher : Hassell Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781014744333
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of the Gold Standard by : Sir Charles Morgan-Webb

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of the Gold Standard written by Sir Charles Morgan-Webb and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Keynes and Marx

Author : Bill Dunn
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526154919
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Keynes and Marx by : Bill Dunn

Download or read book Keynes and Marx written by Bill Dunn and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keynes was an elitist and pro-capitalist economist, whom the left should embrace with caution. But his analysis provides a concreteness missing from Marx and engages with critical issues of the modern world that Marx could not have foreseen. This book argues that a critical Marxist engagement can simultaneously increase the power of Keynes’s insight and enrich Marxism. To understand Keynes, whose work is liberally invoked but seldom read, Dunn explores him in the context of the extraordinary times in which he lived, his philosophy, and his politics. By offering a detailed overview of Keynes’s critique of mainstream economics and General Theory, Dunn argues that Keynes provides an enduringly valuable critique of orthodoxy. The book develops a Marxist appropriation of Keynes’s insights, arguing that a Marxist analysis of unemployment, capital and the role of the state can be enriched through such a critical engagement. The point is to change the world, not just to understand it. Thus the book considers the prospects of returning to Keynes, critically reviewing the practices that have come to be known as ‘Keynesianism’ and the limits of the theoretical traditions that have made claim to his legacy.

The Map and the Territory

Author : Alan Greenspan
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101638745
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Map and the Territory by : Alan Greenspan

Download or read book The Map and the Territory written by Alan Greenspan and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like all of us, though few so visibly, Alan Greenspan was forced by the financial crisis of 2008 to question some fundamental assumptions about risk management and economic forecasting. No one with any meaningful role in economic decision making in the world saw beforehand the storm for what it was. How had our models so utterly failed us? To answer this question, Alan Greenspan embarked on a rigorous and far-reaching multiyear examination of how Homo economicus predicts the economic future, and how it can predict it better. Economic risk is a fact of life in every realm, from home to business to government at all levels. Whether we’re conscious of it or not, we make wagers on the future virtually every day, one way or another. Very often, however, we’re steering by out-of-date maps, when we’re not driven by factors entirely beyond our conscious control. The Map and the Territory is nothing less than an effort to update our forecasting conceptual grid. It integrates the history of economic prediction, the new work of behavioral economists, and the fruits of the author’s own remarkable career to offer a thrillingly lucid and empirically based grounding in what we can know about economic forecasting and what we can’t.The book explores how culture is and isn't destiny and probes what we can predict about the world's biggest looming challenges, from debt and the reform of the welfare state to natural disasters in an age of global warming. No map is the territory, but Greenspan’s approach, grounded in his trademark rigor, wisdom, and unprecedented context, ensures that this particular map will assist in safe journeys down many different roads, traveled by individuals, businesses, and the state.

Rethinking the World

Author : Peter Pogany
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 9780595410798
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the World by : Peter Pogany

Download or read book Rethinking the World written by Peter Pogany and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-Marxian, new historical materialism described in this book breathes new life into our comprehension of the world. A 200-year perspective on modernity tells us that an all-embracing physical phenomenon holds humankind in its grip. History has recorded two distinct global systems thus far: "laissez faire/metal money," which spanned most of the 19th century and lasted until the outbreak of World War I, and "mixed economy/weak multilateralism," which began after 1945 and exists today. The period between the two systems, 1914-1945, was a chaotic transition. This evolutionary pulsation is well known to students of thermodynamics. It corresponds to the behavior of expanding and complexifying material systems. The exhaustion of oil and other natural resources is pushing the world toward a third global system that may be called "two-level economy/strong multilateralism." It will be impossible to get there without a new chaotic transition. No repeated warnings, academic advice, moral advocacy, inspired reforms, or political leadership can provide a shortcut around it. But if it took "1914-1945" to make a relatively minor adjustment in the global order, what will it take to make a major one?