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Glucose Level Estimation Based On Invasive Electrochemical And Non Invasive Optical Sensing Methods
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Book Synopsis Glucose Level Estimation Based on Invasive Electrochemical, and Non-invasive Optical Sensing Methods by : Sanghamitra Mandal
Download or read book Glucose Level Estimation Based on Invasive Electrochemical, and Non-invasive Optical Sensing Methods written by Sanghamitra Mandal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research is to design and fabricate sensors for glucose detection using inexpensive approaches. My first research approach is the fabrication of an amperometric electrochemical glucose sensor, by exploiting the optical properties of semiconductors and structural properties of nanostructures, to enhance the sensor sensitivity and response time. Enzymatic electrochemical sensors are fabricated using two different mechanisms: (1) the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods, and (2) the rapid metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon (Si) to synthesize Si nanowires. The concept of gold nano-electrode ensembles is then employed to the sensors in order to boost the current sensitivities by enhancing the rate of electron transfer during the electrochemical reaction. High crystallinity and good alignment of the nanostructures lead to increase in the electrode surface area, thereby leading to higher current sensitivities compared to other published works. My second research approach is to design an optical sensor for evaluating long-term glycemic state in diabetic patients. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a minor component of blood hemoglobin to which glucose is bound. The HbA1c test is a common medical test used to indicate the average blood glucose level over the past 12-16 weeks. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases has established a direct relationship between the percentage of HbA1c and the blood sugar level. Our sensor instrumentation design is based on the Beer's law of optical absorption. Major device components include two commercial light emitting diodes, a cuvette holder, a Si photodiode, and an ATmega328P microcontroller. It is observed that the absorbance of diluted HbA1c samples and the corresponding photodiode output voltage are inversely related. The photodiode voltages as a function of HbA1c percentage concentrations show an exponentially decaying curve. An algorithm for multiple variable regression analysis is then used for sensor calibration. The percentage of HbA1c is then anticipated based on the obtained output voltage using the calibrated curve results. The proposed portable optical sensor proves to be a promising step towards the prediction of the long-term glycemic levels in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients non-invasively.
Book Synopsis Glucose Sensing by : Chris D. Geddes
Download or read book Glucose Sensing written by Chris D. Geddes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference for any laboratory working in the analytical fluorescence glucose sensing field. The increasing importance of these techniques is typified in one emerging area by developing non-invasive and continuous approaches for physiological glucose monitoring. This volume incorporates analytical fluorescence-based glucose sensing reviews, specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet appealing to a wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues by : Valery V. Tuchin
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues written by Valery V. Tuchin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although noninvasive, continuous monitoring of glucose concentration in blood and tissues is one of the most challenging areas in medicine, a wide range of optical techniques has recently been designed to help develop robust noninvasive methods for glucose sensing. For the first time in book form, the Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues analyzes trends in noninvasive optical glucose sensing and discusses its impact on tissue optical properties. This handbook presents methods that improve the accuracy in glucose prediction based on infrared absorption spectroscopy, recent studies on the influence of acute hyperglycemia on cerebral blood flow, and the correlation between diabetes and the thermo-optical response of human skin. It examines skin glucose monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), fluorescence-based glucose biosensors, and a photonic crystal contact lens sensor. The contributors also explore problems of polarimetric glucose sensing in transparent and turbid tissues as well as offer a high-resolution optical technique for noninvasive, continuous, and accurate blood glucose monitoring and glucose diffusion measurement. Written by world-renowned experts in biomedical optics and biophotonics, this book gives a complete, state-of-the-art treatise on the design and applications of noninvasive optical methods and instruments for glucose sensing.
Book Synopsis Diabetes Without Needles by : Artur Rydosz
Download or read book Diabetes Without Needles written by Artur Rydosz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes Without Needles: Non-invasive Diagnostics and Health Management provides a comprehensive and objective compilation of the most promising noninvasive methods for glucose monitoring, including an in-depth analysis of their advantages and disadvantages in terms of biochemical processes. The latest advances in the field are discussed, including methods such as optical measurements, electrochemical measurements, exhaled breath analysis, direct measurements of glucose in the blood using noninvasive techniques, and the indirect analysis of biomarkers that are related to the glycemia. The book's author also presents recommendations for future research directions in this field. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in the areas of diabetes, noninvasive methods and diagnostics development. Appeals to a multidisciplinary audience, including scientists, researchers and clinicians with an interest in noninvasive blood glucose monitoring technologies Features the latest advances in the field of noninvasive methods for diabetes monitoring, including recent results, perspectives and challenges Covers various noninvasive methods, including optical measurements, electrochemical, exhaled breath analysis, and more
Book Synopsis Designing Microwave Sensors for Glucose Concentration Detection in Aqueous and Biological Solutions by : Carlos G. Juan
Download or read book Designing Microwave Sensors for Glucose Concentration Detection in Aqueous and Biological Solutions written by Carlos G. Juan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive study covering the design and application of microwave sensors for glucose concentration detection, with a special focus on glucose concentration tracking in watery and biological solutions. This book is based on the idea that changes in the glucose concentration provoke variations in the dielectric permittivity of the medium. Sensors whose electrical response is sensitive to the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding media should be able to perform as glucose concentration trackers. At first, this book offers an in-depth study of the dielectric permittivity of water–glucose solutions at concentrations relevant for diabetes purposes; in turn, it presents guidelines for designing suitable microwave resonators, which are then tested in both water–glucose solutions and multi-component human blood plasma solutions for their detection ability and sensitivities. Finally, a portable version is developed and tested on a large number of individuals in a real clinical scenario. All in all, the book reports on a comprehensive study on glucose monitoring devices based on microwave sensors. It covers in depth the theoretical background, provides extensive design guidelines to maximize sensitivity, and validates a portable device for applications in clinical settings.
Book Synopsis Minimally Invasive Glucometer Using the Magneto Optical Rotatory Effect (MORE) by : Sunghoon Jang
Download or read book Minimally Invasive Glucometer Using the Magneto Optical Rotatory Effect (MORE) written by Sunghoon Jang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Vivo Glucose Sensing by : David D. Cunningham
Download or read book In Vivo Glucose Sensing written by David D. Cunningham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vivo Glucose Sensing is a key reference for scientists and engineers working on the development of glucose sensing technologies for the management of diabetes and other medical conditions. It discusses the analytical chemistry behind the strategies currently used for measuring glucose in vivo. It focuses on analyzing samples in the real world and discusses the biological complexities that make glucose sensing difficult. Covering current implantable devices, next-generation implantable sensing methods, and non-invasive methods for measuring glucose, this book concludes with an overview of possible applications other than diabetes.
Book Synopsis Glucose Monitoring Devices by : Chiara Fabris
Download or read book Glucose Monitoring Devices written by Chiara Fabris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glucose Monitoring Devices: Measuring Blood Glucose to Manage and Control Diabetes presents the state-of-the-art regarding glucose monitoring devices and the clinical use of monitoring data for the improvement of diabetes management and control. Chapters cover the two most common approaches to glucose monitoring–self-monitoring blood glucose and continuous glucose monitoring–discussing their components, accuracy, the impact of use on quality of glycemic control as documented by landmark clinical trials, and mathematical approaches. Other sections cover how data obtained from these monitoring devices is deployed within diabetes management systems and new approaches to glucose monitoring. This book provides a comprehensive treatment on glucose monitoring devices not otherwise found in a single manuscript. Its comprehensive variety of topics makes it an excellent reference book for doctoral and postdoctoral students working in the field of diabetes technology, both in academia and industry. Presents a comprehensive approach that spans self-monitoring blood glucose devices, the use of continuous monitoring in the artificial pancreas, and intraperitoneal glucose sensing Provides a high-level descriptions of devices, as well as detailed mathematical descriptions of methods and techniques Written by experts in the field with vast experience in the field of diabetes and diabetes technology
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors for Non-invasive Glucose Monitoring by : Ernesto De La Paz Andres
Download or read book Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors for Non-invasive Glucose Monitoring written by Ernesto De La Paz Andres and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the continuous growth in the field of glucose monitoring devices, non-invasive (NI)glucose monitoring devices integrating electrochemical glucose biosensors represent an attractive alternative to replace the gold standard self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) or minimally invasive (MI) procedures. Current SMBG devices rely upon repetitive finger pricking to collect blood samples to quantify glucose levels, leading to discomfort from patients that require blood analysis, while MI procedures make use of skin penetrating approaches to collect glucose from an alternative biofluid. NI devices offer the unique capability of quantifying glucose levels without the need of penetrating the skin tissue to collect the sample. In this dissertation, the NI monitoring of glucose will be demonstrated in three different wearable sensing platforms using iontophoresis as a NI biofluid collection method coupled with electrochemical glucose sensing. The first platform delivered sweat-stimulating agents through the skin of volunteers using iontophoresis to enable sweat secretion. Sweat samples were then collected by a microfluidic platform that integrated a glucose biosensor. In the second platform, an adhesive patch that coupled an iontophoretic system and a glucose biosensor enabled glucose monitoring from the interstitial fluid for up to 8 and 4 hrs on healthy individuals and diabetic subjects respectively. In the last platform, the capability of performing glucose monitoring alongside multiple biomarkers of interest such as blood pressure, lactate, caffeine, and alcohol was demonstrated through different daily activities that involved exercise, food, and alcohol intake. Before human evaluation, each sensing modality was tested in terms of its sensing capability, stability, and selectivity toward the specific analyte of interest. During on-body operation, the results obtained from each sensing modality were validated by using commercial gold standard devices. Further data analysis implies the potential application of such devices as the next-generation NI platforms toward point-of-care operation.
Book Synopsis Complex-valued Neural Networks by : Akira Hirose
Download or read book Complex-valued Neural Networks written by Akira Hirose and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, complex-valued neural networks have widened the scope of application in optoelectronics, imaging, remote sensing, quantum neural devices and systems, spatiotemporal analysis of physiological neural systems, and artificial neural information processing. In this first-ever book on complex-valued neural networks, the most active scientists at the forefront of the field describe theories and applications from various points of view to provide academic and industrial researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals, features and prospects of the powerful complex-valued networks.
Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor for Glucose Detection: a Potential Platform for Diabetes Diagnosis by : KAUSHIK SIDDHARTH
Download or read book Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor for Glucose Detection: a Potential Platform for Diabetes Diagnosis written by KAUSHIK SIDDHARTH and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder causes global health burden with high prevalence in adults. According to recent WHO global report on diabetes, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. Developing nations are suffering most by this diseases with 422 million cases worldwide in 2014. Diabetes can be well controlled by good health practices, if it is diagnosed in time. However, once it reaches an advanced stage, it can result in serious chronic diseases, such as renal failure, blindness, cardiac diseases and paraplegia, etc. Since last two decades, biosensors are being explored extensively for Blood glucose monitoring. Controlled insulin-based therapy is done considering the level of blood glucose which can improve the lifeu2019s quality of diabetic patients by alleviating many of the inimical side effects of the disease including kidney failure, blindness, and neuropathy. Numerous non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose monitoring technologies have been developed which rely on electrochemical and fluorescence based techniques. In particular, biosensors based on the glucose-binding protein Concanavalin A (Con A) are very promising, since this lectin exhibits excellent chemical stability at room temperature. Optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of the most propitious optical techniques that find applications in different fields.
Book Synopsis Electronic Device for Non Invasive Monitoring of Blood Glucose Levels by : Shivam Khandolkar
Download or read book Electronic Device for Non Invasive Monitoring of Blood Glucose Levels written by Shivam Khandolkar and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is a condition where the body is unable to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood due to lack of insulin or it is the body s inability to produce insulin.If left unchecked and uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to serious conditions including heart attack, stroke, blindness and kidney failure. Hence the patient has to constantly monitor the blood glucose level to keep it under control. Most current methods for self-blood-glucose-monitoring are invasive which require a blood sample for each test.The blood sampling can be painful and cause calluses to form.Hence Non-invasive methods are being researched upon as an alternative to invasive methods. This book describes a Non-Invasive Blood Glucose monitoring System by using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technique. This works by projecting Near Infrared radiation on the finger of a subject and sensing the resultant radiation after absorbance. Immediately after this measurement, an invasive reference reading is taken.By doing this the glucose levels are attributed to the obtained voltage levels which are standardized through a series of experiments and analysis. A suitable and accurate algorithm is hence formulated
Book Synopsis Point-of-care Glucose Detection for Diabetic Monitoring and Management by : Sandeep Kumar Vashist
Download or read book Point-of-care Glucose Detection for Diabetic Monitoring and Management written by Sandeep Kumar Vashist and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book unravels the role of Point-of-Care (POC) glucose monitoring as an essential part of diabetes management. It provides the reader with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of diabetes management, including: the need for POC glucose monitoring the glucose detection technologies (invasive, noninvasive and continuous) being used in the POC devices the analytical performance, characteristics, pros and cons of the POC devices developed to date the importance and role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring for diabetes management the various POC devices and analyzers for the determination of HbA1c. This is the first book to provide complete up-to-date information on POC glucose detection technologies and devices for diabetic monitoring and management. It will be an important reference for healthcare professionals, biomedical engineers, researchers, economists and policy makers. This book also serves as an asset and teaching aid for professionals and researchers in diabetic monitoring and management.
Book Synopsis Wearable electrochemical sensors for real-time monitoring in diabetes mellitus and associated complications by : Han Hee Jung
Download or read book Wearable electrochemical sensors for real-time monitoring in diabetes mellitus and associated complications written by Han Hee Jung and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2024-04-23 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role wearable electrochemical sensors play in the proactive management and prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications. Acknowledging the substantial impact of DM on individuals and the urgency for effective monitoring strategies, wearable sensors have emerged as a pragmatic solution. These sensors can detect analytical signals from biofluids, including sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid (ISF), employing minimally invasive techniques facilitated by technological advancements. The seamless integration of these sensors with computational platforms such as smartphones enhances their practicality for routine use. The review systematically explores diverse methodologies, encompassing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic principles, employed for the surveillance of analytes within biofluids. These foundational principles are meticulously applied to wearable devices, affording point-of-care solutions catering to the detection of individual analytes or simultaneous multiplexed analyte detection. The integration of wireless systems and the incorporation of machine learning algorithms introduce a layer of sophistication, elevating the capability of these sensors for the nuanced monitoring of DM and its complications. Through an in-depth analysis of these advancements, this review describes the significant potential of wearable electrochemical sensors as an essential tool for real-time monitoring and managing DM. The diverse approaches presented underscore the adaptability, versatility, and inherent efficacy of these sensors in addressing the multifaceted challenges intrinsic to DM and its associated complications within academic discourse.
Book Synopsis Calibration for Real-time Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring by : Matthew Sidley
Download or read book Calibration for Real-time Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring written by Matthew Sidley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Blood glucose monitoring is a primary tool for the care of diabetic patients. At present there is no non-invasive monitoring technique of blood glucose concentration that is widely accepted in the medical industry. Some promising success has been shown by the RIT ETA Lab research group that an antenna's resonant frequency can track, in real time, changes in glucose concentration. However, these changes in antenna response would be unique to an individual depending on various parameters such as the person's metabolism, body mass index, chemical profile etc. Therefore, amongst the several issues that still need to be addressed in the development of a noninvasive methodology; an important one is the calibration unique to each individual patient. The objective of the present work is to establish a calibration by developing an equivalent circuit model to represent the antenna input impedance with changing glucose levels. Using the calibration, the glucose level is estimated from the measurement of antenna impedance and resonant frequency at a later date. Measurements were made on a diabetic and non-diabetic subject with a blood glucose meter and with a planar dipole antenna connected to a network analyzer. The network analyzer was automated to make input impedance measurements in real-time using Labview in 15 second intervals and calculates the resonant frequency of the antenna. The resonant frequency of the antenna and the reference glucose values using a blood glucose meter were measured. The resonant frequency of the antenna is plotted in real-time for instant analysis and trends. A linear estimation for the glucose based on the resonant frequency of the antenna was compared to reference measurements taken by a blood glucose meter. 59% estimates were with 20% of the reference measurements for the diabetic patient. An equivalent circuit model, developed to estimate glucose concentration, was found to have a shunt resistance, series capacitance, and shunt inductance. The component values for this circuit are generated from the experimental results of the diabetic patient, unique to the subject. The component values are iteratively varied until they reflect the impedance of the input impedance. Because the input impedance is changing over time, the component values change over time. The calibration model uses fitted equations to the component values from the experimental result that relates the component values to a glucose concentration. This unique equation for the diabetic patient can be used to estimate the glucose level when measuring the input impedance of the antenna at a later date. The experiment was repeated on the diabetic subject and the unique calibration procedure was used to estimate the blood glucose concentration. The estimates represented by the Clarke's Error Grid compared favorably to the measurements made by the blood glucose meter."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Truly Non Invasive Glucose Optical Sensor Based on Metal Nanoparticles Generation by : Marisol Garcia
Download or read book Truly Non Invasive Glucose Optical Sensor Based on Metal Nanoparticles Generation written by Marisol Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is a disease that causes many complications in human normal function. This disease represents the sixth-leading cause of death in USA. Prevention of diabetes-related complications can be accomplished through tight control of glucose levels in blood. In the last decades many different glucose sensors have been developed, however, none of them are really non invasive. Herein, we present the study of the application of gold and silver nanoparticles with different shapes and aspect ratios to detect glucose traces in human fluids such as tears and sweat. This is to our knowledge the first truly non invasive glucose optical sensor, with extraordinary limit of detection and selectivity. The best proven nanoparticles for this application were gold nanospheres. Gold nanospheres were synthesized using chloroauric acid tri-hydrated (HAuCl4.3H2O) in solution, in the presence of glucose and ammonia hydroxide. The higher the glucose concentration, the higher the number of nanoparticles generated, thus the higher the extinction efficiency of the solution. The linear dependence of the extinction efficiency of the gold nanoparticles solution with glucose concentration makes of this new sensor suitable for direct applications in biomedical sensing. Our approach is based on the well known Tollens test.
Book Synopsis A Wearable 1.6GHz Non-Invasive Midfield Wave-Based Blood Glucose Sensor by : Danielle Nishida
Download or read book A Wearable 1.6GHz Non-Invasive Midfield Wave-Based Blood Glucose Sensor written by Danielle Nishida and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-invasive glucose sensor has been sought after by millions of Americans living with diabetes and scientists alike. Current blood glucose sensors approved by the FDA involve an invasive collection technique coupled with costly chemical analysis materials, which continue to bring pain to the growing diabetic population in America. Previous research of non-invasive sensing methods has shown promise, but the difficulty of transmitting power through tissue has degraded the sensing consistency and accuracy needed to reach the consumer market. This has been overcome with recent research in midfield wave power transmission at Stanford University, which has provided an opportunity for investigating a new, non-invasive glucose sensing technique. The design proposed in this thesis uses a slot array antenna transmitting through the human arm in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) range at a wavelength absorbed by glucose to investigate the relationship between blood glucose levels and received power from a loop antenna receiver. The complete system incorporates an RF mixer, a Wilkinson power divider, and an RF detector to enable use with Cal Poly’s lab equipment. Changes in blood glucose levels are tracked within an R value of 0.91 when the testing setup maintains consistency in physical placement of the transmitter and receiver. Ten measurements over the course of seven hours accurately sensed changes in the subject’s blood glucose levels with two outlier data points. The system provides a vehicle for further investigation into a new, non-invasive blood glucose sensing method to improve the quality of life for millions around the world.
