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Global Assessment Of Precipitation Of Radiation Belt Electrons By Electromagnetic Waves From Lightning
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Book Synopsis Global Assessment of Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning by : Erin Selser Gemelos
Download or read book Global Assessment of Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning written by Erin Selser Gemelos and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: lifetime of radiation belt electrons, particularly at low energies (100--300keV) within the slot region (2
Book Synopsis Global Assessment of Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning by : Erin Selser Gemelos
Download or read book Global Assessment of Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves from Lightning written by Erin Selser Gemelos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightning discharges are well known sources of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of a few Hz to many MHz, with the most intense radiation typically being in the range of 5--10 kHz. Electromagnetic waves originating in lightning discharges often propagate through the most densely ionized regions of the Earth's atmosphere and populate the radiation belts. High-energy electrons in this region constitute a hazard to the increasing number of scientific and commercial spacecraft that orbit the Earth, and quantitative understanding of this radiation and its sources and losses are thus important. Electromagnetic whistler waves injected into the radiation belts by lightning discharges can pitch-angle scatter the energetic electrons and cause them to precipitate out of their stably trapped radiation belt orbits and onto the dense upper atmosphere of the Earth. This dissertation examines the detection of lighting-induced energetic electron precipitation via long-term analysis of in-situ observations of drift loss cone fluxes (i.e., fluxes destined to be precipitated over the South Atlantic Anomaly within ~2 hours). The primary measurement tool used is an energetic electron detector (IDP) on board the DEMETER satellite--a French micro-satellite in a sun-synchronous low Earth orbit. Energetic electron flux data are analyzed alongside ground-based lightning data recorded by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) to determine the relationship between drift loss cone fluxes and lightning. While lighting-induced electron precipitation events occur globally, the best region for making in-situ observations of fluctuations in drift loss cone fluxes is over the continental United States. Measurements of VLF wave activity in the typical frequency range of lightning-generated whistler waves (5--10 kHz) on DEMETER show a substantial increase of electromagnetic wave power over the United States, particularly during the northern summer months when lightning activity is at its highest. Analysis of particle precipitation data on the DEMETER spacecraft over a three-year period shows that energetic electron fluxes in the drift loss cone exhibit a seasonal dependence consistent with lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP) being an important source of loss of such energetic radiation. Over the United States, energetic electron fluxes in the slot region (2
Book Synopsis Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Lightning-generated Magnetospherically Reflecting Whistler Waves by : Jacob Bortnik
Download or read book Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Lightning-generated Magnetospherically Reflecting Whistler Waves written by Jacob Bortnik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global and Seasonal Effects of Lightning-induced Electron Precipitation by : Austin Patrick Sousa
Download or read book Global and Seasonal Effects of Lightning-induced Electron Precipitation written by Austin Patrick Sousa and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surrounding the Earth are two shells of high-energy electrons and ions known as the Van Allen Radiation Belts, the dynamics of which are governed by a complex balance of sources and loss processes, collectively resulting in populations which persist between days and months. The global distribution of lightning discharges has been theorized to be an important loss function for radiation belt electrons through a process known as Lightning- Induced Electron Precipitation (LEP). However, a lack of in situ measurements has precluded a quantitative global study. We present an investigation of the spatial and temporal morphology of lightning-induced electron precipitation. We seek to quantitatively determine the regions in space, time, and electron energy, where LEP may be of importance, using a combination of numerical raytracing and resonant interaction modeling, driven by a realistic measurement of global lightning activity from the GLD360 lightning detection network. First, using cold plasma numerical raytracing, we provide an estimate of the persistent radio energy in the near-Earth space environment due to whistler-mode, VLF waves generated by terrestrial cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. Variation is explored with respect to L-shell, longitude, frequency, and geomagnetic activity using the Kp index. We include updated ionospheric absorption curves and an improved 4-dimensional interpolation algorithm. We find that the persistent energy decays logarithmically with increasing L-shell and frequency. We then apply our raytracing and interpolation apparatus to simulate the precipitating electron flux resulting from single lightning strokes, and extrapolate over the GLD360 dataset to determine estimated locations of elevated electron precipitation. We compute the estimated lifetime of geomagnetically trapped electron populations, subject solely to LEP-induced losses, as a function of L-shell and electron energy. Our estimates are consistent with measurements in the 100keV -- 1 MeV energy range; however our results suggest that LEP may be a substantial loss mechanism for lower energy, suprathermal electrons in the 100 eV -- 10 keV range. We do not find any notable enhancement in the slot region, suggesting that resonant interactions with lightning-generated whistlers are not a significant contributor to slot region morphology. Finally we present a design for a VLF radio receiver, intended for deployment on a 3-unit CubeSat bus, which can be used in conjunction with an onboard electron energy spectrometer to make direct, in situ measurements of precipitating electrons and their causative whistler waves. The receiver is designed with radiation tolerance in mind, and includes a novel onboard data processing system, implemented entirely in an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) using the Verilog hardware description language.
Book Synopsis Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts by : M. Schulz
Download or read book Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts written by M. Schulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of artificial earth satellites in 1957-58 opened a new dimension in the field of geophysical exploration. Discovery of the earth's radiation belts, consisting of energetic electrons and ions (chiefly protons) trapped by the geomagnetic field, followed almost immediately [1,2]' This largely unexpected development spurred a continuing interest in magnetospheric exploration, which so far has led to the launching of several hundred carefully instrumented spacecraft. Since their discovery, the radiation belts have been a subject of intensive theoretical analysis also. Over the years, a semiquantitative understanding of the governing dynamical processes has gradually evol ved. The underlying kinematical framework of radiation-belt theory is given by the adiabatic theory of charged-particle motion [3J, and the interesting dynamical phenomena are associated with the violation of one or more of the kinematical invariants of adiabatic motion. Among the most important of the operative dynamical processes are those that act in a stochastic manner upon the radiation-belt particles. Such stochastic processes lead to the diffusion of particle distributions with respect to the adiabatic invariants. The observational data indicate that some form of particle diffusion plays an essential role in virtually every aspect of the radiation belts.
Book Synopsis The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts by : Allison Jaynes
Download or read book The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts written by Allison Jaynes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts: From Loss in the Magnetosphere to Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere presents a timely review of data from various explorative missions, including the Van Allen Probes, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (which aims to determine magnetopause losses), the completion of four BARREL balloon campaigns, and several CubeSat missions focusing on precipitation losses. This is the first book in the area to include a focus on loss, and not just acceleration and radial transport. Bringing together two communities, the book includes contributions from experts with knowledge in both precipitation mechanisms and the effects on the atmosphere. There is a direct link between what gets lost in the magnetospheric radiation environment and the energy deposited in the layers of our atmosphere. Very recently, NASA’s Living With a Star program identified a new, targeted research topic that addresses this question, highlighting the timeliness of this precise science. The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts brings together scientists from the space and atmospheric science communities to examine both the causes and effects of particle loss in the magnetosphere. Examines both the causes and effects of particle loss in the magnetosphere from multiple perspectives Presents interdisciplinary content that bridges the gap, through communication and collaboration, between the magnetospheric and atmospheric communities Fills a gap in the literature by focusing on loss in the radiation belt, which is especially timely based on data from the Van Allen Probes, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, and other projects Includes contributions from various experts in the field that is organized and collated by a clear-and-consistent editorial team
Book Synopsis The Van Allen Probes Mission by : Nicola Fox
Download or read book The Van Allen Probes Mission written by Nicola Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the science, the mission, the spacecraft and the instrumentation on a unique NASA mission to study the Earth’s dynamic, dangerous and fascinating Van Allen radiation belts that surround the planet This collection of articles provides broad and detailed information about NASA’s Van Allen Probes (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes) twin-spacecraft Earth-orbiting mission. The mission has the objective of achieving predictive understanding of the dynamic, intense, energetic, dangerous, and presently unpredictable belts of energetic particles that are magnetically trapped in Earth’s space environment above the atmosphere. It documents the science of the radiation belts and the societal benefits of achieving predictive understanding. Detailed information is provided about the Van Allen Probes mission design, the spacecraft, the science investigations, and the onboard instrumentation that must all work together to make unprecedented measurements within a most unforgiving environment, the core of Earth’s most intense radiation regions. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers active in space science, solar-terrestrial interactions and studies of the upper atmosphere. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179/1-4, 2013.
Book Synopsis Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions by : Qiugang Zong
Download or read book Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions written by Qiugang Zong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the processes and phenomena of Earth’s dayside magnetosphere Energy and momentum transfer, initially taking place at the dayside magnetopause, is responsible for a variety of phenomenon that we can measure on the ground. Data obtained from observations of Earth’s dayside magnetosphere increases our knowledge of the processes by which solar wind mass, momentum, and energy enter the magnetosphere. Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions outlines the physics and processes of dayside magnetospheric phenomena, the role of solar wind in generating ultra-low frequency waves, and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Volume highlights include: Phenomena across different temporal and spatial scales Discussions on dayside aurora, plume dynamics, and related dayside reconnection Results from spacecraft observations, ground-based observations, and simulations Discoveries from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and Van Allen Probes era Exploration of foreshock, bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and cusps Examination of similar processes occurring around other planets The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Global Estimate of Lightning Energy Injected Into the Earth's Plasmasphere by : Andrew Compston
Download or read book Global Estimate of Lightning Energy Injected Into the Earth's Plasmasphere written by Andrew Compston and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generated by lightning, 'whistlers' are electromagnetic waves that propagate through the plasma surrounding the Earth in near-Earth space known as the plasmasphere. Electromagnetic waves propagating in the plasmasphere can influence the Van Allen radiation belts, a collection of highly energetic, charged particles surrounding the Earth and trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. In particular, energy from these waves can reduce the number of electrons in the radiation belts by causing them to precipitate into the lower atmosphere. Therefore, an estimate of the amount of energy input into the radiation belts from electromagnetic waves like lightning-generated whistlers is vitally important to our understanding of the nature and dynamics of this important part of our planetary environment. Previous estimates of lightning energy in the plasmasphere failed to take into account such considerations as the distribution of lightning across the globe and the effect of the ionosphere on whistler propagation, both of which we examine here. We first present a method to automatically identify upgoing whistler waves using measurements taken from low Earth orbiting satellites. The algorithm computes cross-correlations of the frequency-time spectrogram of the wave data with the expected shape of an upgoing whistler to determine whether or not a given set of data corresponds to a whistler. The technique is validated using data from the DEMETER satellite, and an FPGA-based real time implementation of the algorithm has been built to fly on board the TARANIS satellite, scheduled to launch in 2018. Next, we provide a calculation of the lightning energy injected into the plasmasphere using a frequency domain finite element electromagnetic full wave simulation known as the full wave method (FWM) to quantitatively model the propagation of electromagnetic waves through any number of horizontally stratified layers of plasma such as the ionosphere. We first compare the FWM predicted amount of lightning energy propagating upward with extensive available measurements from the DEMETER satellite. Our comparisons indicate that the field intensities determined by the FWM tend to underestimate the measured energy from DEMETER by as much as 6 dB, although we also present evidence suggesting that the calibration of the DEMETER data may be inaccurate. Finally, we use the FWM to map the upgoing amount of electromagnetic wave energy propagating from each point on Earth for an arbitrary source. By then scaling with data on lightning occurring at each point on Earth as given by the Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) lightning detection network, we arrive at a global estimate of the lightning energy injected into Earth's plasmasphere. Our estimate is comparable to though slightly lower than previous estimates yet provides a more detailed picture of the distribution of lightning in the plasmasphere.
Download or read book Lightning written by Vladimir A. Rakov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 1485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightning: Physics and Effects is the first book that covers essentially all aspects of lightning, including lightning physics, lightning protection and the interaction of lightning with a variety of objects and systems as well as with the environment. It is written in a style that will be accessible to the technical non-expert and is addressed to anyone interested in lightning and its effects. This will include physicists, engineers working in the power, communications, computer and aviation industries, meteorologists, atmospheric chemists, foresters, ecologists, physicians working in the area of electrical trauma and architects. This comprehensive reference volume contains over 300 illustrations, 70 tables containing quantitative information and a bibliography of more than 6000 references.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1969-07 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Precipitation and Energization of Relativistic Radiation Belt Electrons Induced by ULF Oscillations in the Magnetosphere by : Thiago V. Brito
Download or read book Precipitation and Energization of Relativistic Radiation Belt Electrons Induced by ULF Oscillations in the Magnetosphere written by Thiago V. Brito and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a renewed interest in the study of the radiation belts with the recent launch of the Van Allen Probes satellites. The mechanisms that drive the global response of the radiation belts to geomagnetic storms are not yet well understood. Global simulations using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model fields as drivers provide a valuable tool for studying the dynamics of these MeV energetic particles. ACE satellite measurements of the MHD solar wind parameters are used as the upstream boundary condition for the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) 3D MHD code calculation of fields, used to drive electrons in 2D and 3D test particle simulations. In this study simulations were performed to investigate energization and loss of energetic radiation belt electrons. The response of the radiation belts to a CME-shock driven storm on January 21,2005 during the MINIS balloon campaign was investigated, focusing on precipitation mechanisms by which Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves influence the radiation belt population. ULF wave modulation of MeV electron precipitation loss to the atmosphere has been reported in this and other balloon-borne measurements of X-ray bremsstrahlung and was observed in the simulations. Next, a pair of solar wind structures identified as Corotating Interaction Regions (CIR) in solar wind plasma measurements from the ACE satellite were studied during approach to the recent extended solar minimum. Such structures have previously been determined to be geoeffective in producing enhanced outer zone radiation belt electron fluxes, on average greater than at solar maximum. This study provides a comparison of 2D and 3D particle dynamics in MHD simulation fields, incorporating the additional diffusive feature of Shabansky orbit trapping of electrons in the magnetic minima on the dayside above and below the equatorial plane.
Book Synopsis Coupled Feedback Mechanisms in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System by : Scott Alan Thaller
Download or read book Coupled Feedback Mechanisms in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System written by Scott Alan Thaller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Man-Made Waves: A Comparison Between Theory and Measurement by : U. S. Inan
Download or read book Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Man-Made Waves: A Comparison Between Theory and Measurement written by U. S. Inan and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temporal and spectral shape and the absolute flux level of particle pulses precipitated by a VLF transmitter are examined from a theoretical point of view. A test-particle model of the gyroresonant wave-particle interaction is applied to the parameters of the observed cases for calculating the precipitation characteristics. The temporal shapes of the precipitation pulses are found to be controlled (1) by the pitch angle dependence of the particle distribution near the edge of the loss cone and (2) by the multiple interaction of the particles with the waves due to significant atmospheric backscatter.
Book Synopsis Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications by : Hans Dieter Betz
Download or read book Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications written by Hans Dieter Betz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightning represents a natural phenomenon of substantial interest. Due to its complex nature, research continues in many countries and reveals amazing results. Lightning is actively observed because of its relevance to Earth climate and air composition in addition to the classical aspects of related human fatalities and damage to forests, buildings, power lines, aircraft, structures and electronic devices. In this volume, the most important contemporary questions on lightning are addressed and analyzed under many experimental and theoretical aspects. Lightning detection techniques using ground-based and space-borne methods are described, along with network engineering and statistical analysis. Contributions detail research on atmospheric electricity, cloud physics, lightning physics, modeling of electrical storms and middle atmospheric events. Special phenomena such as triggered lightning and sprite observations are examined. Lightning-induced nitrogen oxides and their effects on atmospheric chemistry and climate are discussed. Each topic is presented by international experts in the field. Topics include: * air chemistry * convective storms * infrasound from lightning * lightning and climate change * lightning and precipitation * lightning and radiation * lightning and supercells * lightning and thunderstorms * lightning detection * lightning from space * lighting protection * lightning return strokes * observations and interpretations * spatial distribution and frequency * triggered lightning * weather extremes
Book Synopsis Geospace Observation of Natural Hazards by : Dimitar Ouzounov
Download or read book Geospace Observation of Natural Hazards written by Dimitar Ouzounov and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere by : Danny Summers
Download or read book Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere written by Danny Summers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 199. Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere draws together current knowledge of the radiation belts prior to the launch of Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RPSP) and other imminent space missions, making this volume timely and unique. The volume will serve as a useful benchmark at this exciting and pivotal period in radiation belt research in advance of the new discoveries that the RPSP mission will surely bring. Highlights include the following: a review of the current state of the art of radiation belt science; a complete and up-to-date account of the wave-particle interactions that control the dynamical acceleration and loss processes of particles in the Earth's radiation belts and inner magnetosphere; a discussion emphasizing the importance of the cross-energy coupling of the particle populations of the radiation belts, ring current, and plasmasphere in controlling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere; an outline of the design and operation of future satellite missions whose objectives are to discover the dominant physical processes that control the dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts and to advance our level of understanding of radiation belt dynamics ideally to the point of predictability; and an examination of the current state of knowledge of Earth's radiation belts from past and current spacecraft missions to the inner magnetosphere. Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere will be a useful reference work for the specialist researcher, the student, and the general reader. In addition, the volume could be used as a supplementary text in any graduate-level course in space physics in which radiation belt physics is featured.
