Glamour Addiction

Download Glamour Addiction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wesleyan University Press
ISBN 13 : 0819501506
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Glamour Addiction by : Juliet McMains

Download or read book Glamour Addiction written by Juliet McMains and published by Wesleyan University Press. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the blockbuster television success of "Dancing with the Stars," competitive ballroom dance has become a subject of new fascination—and renewed scrutiny. Known by its practitioners as DanceSport, ballroom is a significant dance form and a fascinating cultural phenomenon. In this first in-depth study of the sport, dancer and dance historian Juliet McMains explores the "Glamour Machine" that drives the thriving industry, delving into both the pleasures and perils of its seductions. She further explores the broader social issues invoked in American DanceSport: representation of "Latin," economics that often foster inequality, and issues of identity, including gender, race, class, and sexuality. Putting ballroom dance in the larger contexts of culture and history, Glamour Addiction makes an important contribution to dance studies, while giving new and veteran enthusiasts a unique and unprecedented glimpse behind the scenes.

Dance with Me

Download Dance with Me PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814722857
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dance with Me by : Julia A. Ericksen

Download or read book Dance with Me written by Julia A. Ericksen and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumba music starts and a floor full of dancers alternate clinging to one another and turning away. Here, Julia Ericksen, a competitive ballroom dancer herself, takes the reader onto the competition floor exploring the allure of this hyper-competitive, difficult, and often expensive activity.

Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit

Download Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000079708
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit by : Joanna Menet

Download or read book Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit written by Joanna Menet and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003002697, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. With attention to the transnational dance world of salsa, this book explores the circulation of people, imaginaries, dance movements, conventions and affects from a transnational perspective. Through interviews and ethnographic, multi-sited research in several European cities and Havana, the author draws on the notion of "entangled mobilities" to show how the intimate gendered and ethnicised moves on the dance floor relate to the cross-border mobility of salsa dance professionals and their students. A combination of research on migration and mobility with studies of music and dance, Entangled Mobilities in the Transnational Salsa Circuit contributes to the fields of transnationalism, mobility and dance studies, thus providing a deeper theoretical and empirical understanding of gendered and racialised transnational phenomena. As such it will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in migration, cultural studies and gender studies.

The Power of Glamour

Download The Power of Glamour PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476718873
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Power of Glamour by : Virginia Postrel

Download or read book The Power of Glamour written by Virginia Postrel and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In provocative detail with more than one hundred illustrations, critically acclaimed author Virginia Postrel separates glamour from glitz, revealing what qualities make a person, an object, a setting, or an experience glamorous. What is it that creates that pleasurable pang of desire—the feeling of “if only”? If only I could wear those clothes, belong to that group, drive that car, live in that house, be (or be with) that person? Postrel identifies the three essential elements in all forms of glamour and explains how they work to create a distinctive sensation of projection and yearning. The Power of Glamour is the very first book to explain what glamour really is—not just style or a personal quality but a phenomenon that reveals our inner lives and shapes our decisions, large and small. By embodying the promise of a different and better self in different and better circumstances, glamour stokes ambition and nurtures hope, even as it fosters sometimes-dangerous illusions. From vacation brochures to military recruiting ads, from the Chrysler Building to the iPad, from political utopias to action heroines, Postrel argues that glamour is a seductive cultural force. Its magic stretches beyond the stereotypical spheres of fashion or film, influencing our decisions about what to buy, where to live, which careers to pursue, where to invest, and how to vote. The result is myth shattering: a revelatory theory that explains how glamour became a powerful form of nonverbal persuasion, one that taps into our most secret dreams and deepest yearnings to influence our everyday choices.

Modern Moves

Download Modern Moves PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199779368
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Moves by : Danielle Robinson

Download or read book Modern Moves written by Danielle Robinson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Moves traces the movement of American social dance styles between black and white cultural groups and between immigrant and migrant communities during the early twentieth century. Its central focus is New York City, where the confluence of two key demographic streams - an influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and the growth of the city's African American community particularly as it centered Harlem - created the conditions of possibility for hybrid dance forms like blues, ragtime, ballroom, and jazz dancing. Author Danielle Robinson illustrates how each of these forms came about as the result of the co-mingling of dance traditions from different cultural and racial backgrounds in the same urban social spaces. The results of these cross-cultural collisions in New York City, as she argues, were far greater than passing dance trends; they in fact laid the foundation for the twentieth century's social dancing practices throughout the United States. By looking at dance as social practice across conventional genre and race lines, this book demonstrates that modern social dancing, like Western modernity itself, was dependent on the cultural production and labor of African diasporic peoples -- even as they were excluded from its rewards. A cornerstone in Robinson's argument is the changing role of the dance instructor, which was transformed from the proprietor of a small-scale, local dance school at the end of the nineteenth century to a member of a distinct, self-identified social industry at the beginning of the twentieth. Whereas dance studies has been slow to connect early twentieth century dancing with period racial politics, Modern Moves departs radically from prior scholarship on the topic, and in so doing, revises social and African American dance history of this period. Recognizing the rac(ial)ist beginnings of contemporary American social dancing, it offers a window into the ways that dancing throughout the twentieth century has provided a key means through which diverse groups of people have navigated shifting socio-political relations through their bodily movement. Modern Moves asserts that the social practice of modern dancing, with its perceived black origins, empowered displaced people such as migrants and immigrants to grapple with the effects of industrialization, urbanization, and the rise of North American modernity. Far more than simple appropriation, the selling and practicing of "black" dances during the 1910s and 1920s reinforced whiteness as the ideal racial status in America through embodied and rhetorical engagements with period black stereotypes.

Behind the Screen

Download Behind the Screen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197553095
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Behind the Screen by : Brynn W. Shiovitz

Download or read book Behind the Screen written by Brynn W. Shiovitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How and why was outdated racial content - and specifically blackface minstrelsy - not only permitted, but in fact allowed to thrive during the 1930s and 1940s despite the rigid motion picture censorship laws which were enforced during this time? Introducing a new theory of covert minstrelsy, this book illuminates Hollywood's practice of capitalizing on the Africanist aesthetic at the expense of Black lived experience. Through close examination of the musicals made during this period, this book shows how Hollywood utilized a series of covert "guises" or subterfuges-complicated and further masked by a film's narrative framing and novel technology to distract both censors and audiences from seeing the ways in which they were being fed a nineteenth-century White narrative of Blackness. Drawing on the annals of Hollywood's most popular and its extremely rare films, Behind the Screen uncovers a half century of blackface application by delicately removing the individual layers of disguise through close analyses of films which paint tap dance, swing, and other predominantly Africanist forms in a negative light. This book goes beneath the image of recognizable White performers including Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, Fred Astaire, and Eleanor Powell, exploring the high cost of their onscreen representational politics. The book also recuperates the stories of several of the Black artists whose labor was abused during the choreographic and filming process. Some of the many newly documented stories include those of The Three Chocolateers, The Three Eddies, The Three Gobs, The Peters Sisters, Jeni Le Gon, and Cora La Redd. In stripping away the various disguises involved during Hollywood's Golden Age, Behind the Screen recovers the visibility of Black artists whose names Hollywood omitted from the credits and whose identities America has written out of the national narrative.

Dance in US Popular Culture

Download Dance in US Popular Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000904547
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dance in US Popular Culture by : Jennifer Atkins

Download or read book Dance in US Popular Culture written by Jennifer Atkins and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-21 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative textbook applies basic dance history and theory to contemporary popular culture examples in order to examine our own ways of moving in—and through—culture. By drawing on material relevant to students, Dance in US Popular Culture successfully introduces students to critical thinking around the most personal of terrain: our bodies and our identities. The book asks readers to think about: what embodied knowledge we carry with us and how we can understand history and society through that lens what stereotypes and accompanying expectations are embedded in performance, related to gender and/or race, for instance how such expectations are reinforced, negotiated, challenged, embraced, or rescripted by performers and audiences how readers articulate their own sense of complex identity within the constantly shifting landscape of popular culture, how this shapes an active sense of their everyday lives, and how this can act as a springboard towards dismantling systems of oppression Through readings, questions, movement analyses, and assignment prompts that take students from computer to nightclub and beyond, Dance in US Popular Culture readers develop their own cultural sense of dance and the moving body’s sociopolitical importance while also determining how dance is fundamentally applicable to their own identity. This is the ideal textbook for high school and undergraduate students of dance and dance studies in BA and BfA courses, as well as those studying popular culture from interdisciplinary perspectives including cultural studies, media studies, communication studies, theater and performance studies. Chapter 11 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 license.

Bodies of Sound

Download Bodies of Sound PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317173538
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bodies of Sound by : Susan C. Cook

Download or read book Bodies of Sound written by Susan C. Cook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ragtime one-step of the early twentieth century to the contemporary practices of youth club cultures, popular dance and music are inextricably linked. This collection reveals the intimate connections between the corporeal and the sonic in the creation, transmission and reception of popular dance and music, which is imagined here as ’bodies of sound’. The volume provokes a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary conversation that includes scholarship from Asia, Europe and the United States, which explores topics from the nineteenth century through to the present day and engages with practices at local, national and transnational levels. In Part I: Constructing the Popular, the authors explore how categories of popular music and dance are constructed and de-stabilized, and their proclivity to appropriate and re-imagine cultural forms and meanings. In Part II: Authenticity, Revival and Reinvention, the authors examine how popular forms produce and manipulate identities and meanings through their attraction to and departure from cultural traditions. In Part III: (Re)Framing Value, the authors interrogate how values are inscribed, silenced, rearticulated and capitalized through popular music and dance. And in Part IV: Politics of the Popular, the authors read the popular as a site of political negotiation and transformation.

Performing Motherhood; Artistic, Activist and Everyday Enactments

Download Performing Motherhood; Artistic, Activist and Everyday Enactments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Demeter Press
ISBN 13 : 1926452763
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performing Motherhood; Artistic, Activist and Everyday Enactments by : Amber E Jinser

Download or read book Performing Motherhood; Artistic, Activist and Everyday Enactments written by Amber E Jinser and published by Demeter Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performing Motherhood explores relationships between performativity and the maternal. Highlighting mothers’ lived experiences, this collection examines mothers’ creativity and agency as they perform in everyday life: in mothering, in activism, and in the arts. Chapters contain theoretically grounded works that emerge from multiple disciplines and cross-disciplines and include first-person narratives, empirical studies, artistic representations, and performance pieces. This book focuses on motherwork, maternal agency, mothers’ multiple identities and marginalized maternal voices, and explores how these are performatively constituted, negotiated and affirmed.

Valuing Dance

Download Valuing Dance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019093400X
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Valuing Dance by : Susan Leigh Foster

Download or read book Valuing Dance written by Susan Leigh Foster and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because dance materializes through and for people, because we learn to dance from others and often present dance to others, the moment of its transmission is one of dance's central and defining features. Valuing Dance looks at the occasion when dancing passes from one person to another as an act of exchange, one that is redolent with symbolic meanings, including those associated with its history and all the labor that has gone into its making. It examines two ways that dance can be exchanged, as commodity and as gift, reflecting on how each establishes dance's relative worth and merit differently. When and why do we give dance? Where and to whom do we sell it? How are such acts of exchange rationalized and justified? Valuing Dance poses these questions in order to contribute to a conversation around what dance is, what it does, and why it matters.

The Sexual Politics of Ballroom Dancing

Download The Sexual Politics of Ballroom Dancing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137029390
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sexual Politics of Ballroom Dancing by : Vicki Harman

Download or read book The Sexual Politics of Ballroom Dancing written by Vicki Harman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an engaging sociological investigation into how gender is negotiated and performed in ballroom and Latin dancing that draws on extensive ethnographic research, as well as the author’s own experience as a dancer. It explores the key factors underpinning the popularity of this leisure activity and highlights what this reveals more broadly about the nature of gender roles at the current time. The author begins with an overview of its rich social history and shifting class status, establishing the context within which contemporary masculinities and femininities in this community are explored. Real and imagined gendered traditions are examined across a range of dancer experiences that follows the trajectory of a typical learner: from finding a partner, attending lessons and forming networks, through to taking part in competitions. The analysis of these narratives creates a nuanced picture of a dance culture that is empowering, yet also highly consumerist and image-conscious; a highly ritualised set of practices that both reinstate and transgress gender roles. This innovative contribution to the feminist leisure literature will appeal to students and scholars of anthropology, dance, sport, gender, cultural and media studies.

The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen

Download The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199897832
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen by : Melissa Blanco Borelli

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen written by Melissa Blanco Borelli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Dance and the Popular Screen sets the agenda for the study of dance in popular moving images - films, television shows, commercials, music videos, and YouTube - and offers new ways to understand the multi-layered meanings of the dancing body by engaging with methodologies from critical dance studies, performance studies, and film/media analysis. Through thorough engagement with these approaches, the chapters demonstrate how dance on the popular screen might be read and considered through bodies and choreographies in moving media. Questions the contributors consider include: How do dance and choreography function within the filmic apparatus? What types of bodies are associated with specific dances and how does this affect how dance(s) is/are perceived in the everyday? How do the dancing bodies on screen negotiate power, access, and agency? How are multiple choreographies of identity (e.g., race, class, gender, sexuality, and nation) set in motion through the narrative, dancing bodies, and/or dance style? What types of corporeal labors (dance training, choreographic skill, rehearsal, the constructed notion of "natural talent") are represented or ignored? What role does a specific film have in the genealogy of Hollywood dance film? How does the Hollywood dance film inform how dance operates in making cultural meanings? Whether looking at Bill "Bojangles" Robinson's tap steps in Stormy Weather, or Baby's leap into Johnny Castle's arms in Dirty Dancing, or even Neo's backwards bend in The Matrix, the book's arguments offer powerful new scholarship on dance in the popular screen.

Nights Out

Download Nights Out PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300183682
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nights Out by : Judith Walkowitz

Download or read book Nights Out written by Judith Walkowitz and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-15 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: London's Soho district underwent a spectacular transformation between the late Victorian era and the end of the Second World War: its fin-de-siècle buildings and dark streets infamous for sex, crime, political disloyalty, and ethnic diversity became a center of culinary and cultural tourism servicing patrons of nearby shops and theaters. Indulgences for the privileged and the upwardly mobile edged a dangerous, transgressive space imagined to be "outside" the nation. Treating Soho as exceptional, but also representative of London's urban transformation, Judith Walkowitz shows how the area's foreignness, liminality, and porousness were key to the explosion of culture and development of modernity in the first half of the twentieth century. She draws on a vast and unusual range of sources to stitch together a rich patchwork quilt of vivid stories and unforgettable characters, revealing how Soho became a showcase for a new cosmopolitan identity.

Mapping Leisure across Borders

Download Mapping Leisure across Borders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443859575
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mapping Leisure across Borders by : Gianna Cappello

Download or read book Mapping Leisure across Borders written by Gianna Cappello and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In current academic debates, leisure is increasingly defined as a discursive construction originating both from the specific meanings created by individuals, and the institutionalizing processes that legitimate certain experiences and their spatial-temporal conditions as “leisure”. As a result of social construction and the different social conditions existing at a certain historical moment in different societies, the borders among the various aspects of leisure are becoming more and more blurred; as is the case, for instance, with the borders between leisure and work activities. Such border-crossing is the leitmotif of this book. Although focusing on sociological research, it has in fact a multidisciplinary scope and will appeal to a variety of scholars and students interested in the study of leisure in contemporary society as a fundamental dimension of everyday sociality and sociability with very important effects on social cohesion as a whole. After an introductory section, offering general frames on key definitions of leisure and leisure issues, five other sections follow which concentrate on more specific aspects of leisure practices and forms in contemporary society.

Designed for Dancing

Download Designed for Dancing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262044331
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Designed for Dancing by : Janet Borgerson

Download or read book Designed for Dancing written by Janet Borgerson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Americans mamboed in the kitchen, waltzed in the living room, polkaed in the pavilion, and tangoed at the club; with glorious, full-color record cover art. In midcentury America, eager dancers mamboed in the kitchen, waltzed in the living room, Watusied at the nightclub, and polkaed in the pavilion, instructed (and inspired) by dance records. Glorious, full-color record covers encouraged them: Let’s Cha Cha Cha, Dance and Stay Young, Dancing in the Street!, Limbo Party, High Society Twist. In Designed for Dancing, vinyl record aficionados and collectors Janet Borgerson and Jonathan Schroeder examine dance records of the 1950s and 1960s as expressions of midcentury culture, identity, fantasy, and desire. Borgerson and Schroeder begin with the record covers—memorable and striking, but largely designed and created by now-forgotten photographers, scenographers, and illustrators—which were central to the way records were conceived, produced, and promoted. Dancing allowed people to sample aspirational lifestyles, whether at the Plaza or in a smoky Parisian café, and to affirm ancestral identities with Irish, Polish, or Greek folk dancing. Dance records featuring ethnic music of variable authenticity and appropriateness invited consumers to dance in the footsteps of the Other with “hot” Latin music, Afro-Caribbean rhythms, and Hawaiian hulas. Bought at a local supermarket, department store, or record shop, and listened to in the privacy of home, midcentury dance records offered instruction in how to dance, how to dress, how to date, and how to discover cool new music—lessons for harmonizing with the rest of postwar America.

The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Politics

Download The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199928185
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Politics by : Rebekah J. Kowal

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Politics written by Rebekah J. Kowal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Politics presents cutting edge research investigating not only how dance achieves its politics, but also how notions of the political are themselves expanded when viewed from the perspective of dance.

Ballroom

Download Ballroom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Reaktion Books
ISBN 13 : 1789145163
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ballroom by : Hilary French

Download or read book Ballroom written by Hilary French and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tune-filled, light-footed people’s history of ballroom dancing, from Vernon and Irene Castle and Arthur Murray to Dancing with the Stars. In the early twentieth century, American ragtime and the Parisian Tango fueled a dancing craze in Britain. Public ballrooms—which had never been seen before—were built throughout the country, providing a glamorous setting for all classes to dance. The new styles of dance being defined and taught in the 1920s, as well as the films of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the 1930s, ensured that ballroom dancing continued to be the most popular pastime until the 1960s, rivaled only by the cinema. This book explores the vibrant history of Ballroom and Latin: the dances, the lavish venues, competitions, and influential instructors. It also traces the decline of competitive dancing and its resurgence in recent years with the hugely popular TV shows Strictly Come Dancing and Dancing with the Stars.