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Ghanas National Health Insurance Scheme In The Context Of The Health Mdgs An Empirical Evaluation Using Propensity Score Matching
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Book Synopsis Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme in the Context of the Health MDGS - An Empirical Evaluation Using Propensity Score Matching by : Christoph M. Schmidt
Download or read book Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme in the Context of the Health MDGS - An Empirical Evaluation Using Propensity Score Matching written by Christoph M. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2003 the Government of Ghana established a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to improve health care access for Ghanaians and eventually replace the cash and-carry system. This study evaluates the NHIS to determine whether it is fulfilling its purpose in the context of the Millennium Development Goals #4 and #5 which deal with the health of women and children. We use Propensity Score Matching techniques to balance the relevant background characteristics in our survey data and compare health outcomes of recent mothers who are enrolled in the NHIS with those who are not. Our findings suggest that NHIS women are more likely to receive prenatal care, deliver at a hospital, have their deliveries attended by trained health professionals, and experience less birth complications. We conclude that NHIS is an effective tool for increasing health care access, and improving health outcomes.
Book Synopsis Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme by : Huihui Wang
Download or read book Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme written by Huihui Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country’s commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers’ abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.
Book Synopsis Health Financing in Ghana by : George Schieber
Download or read book Health Financing in Ghana written by George Schieber and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyzes Ghana s National Health Insurance Scheme and highlights the range of policy options needed to assure its financially sustainable transition to universal coverage.
Book Synopsis The effect of insurance enrollment on maternal and child health care utilization by : Gajate-Garrido, Gissele
Download or read book The effect of insurance enrollment on maternal and child health care utilization written by Gajate-Garrido, Gissele and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to and use of health services are concerns in poor countries. If implemented correctly, health insurance may help solve these concerns. Due to selection and omitted variable bias, however, it is difficult to determine whether joining an insurance scheme improves medical care–seeking behaviors. This paper uses representative data for the whole country of Ghana and an instrumental variable approach to estimate the causal impact on healthcare use of participating in Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme. Idiosyncratic variations in membership rules at the district level provide exogenous variation in enrollment. The instrument is the existence of nonstandard verification methods to allow enrollment of children. Using the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and a census of all district insurance offices, this paper finds that insurance membership increases the probability of (1) seeking higher-quality (but no greater quantity of) maternal services and (2) parents’ becoming more active users of child curative care. Instrumental variable estimates are larger than ordinary least squares ones, indicating that “compliers” have much higher returns to being insured than the average participant. Results are robust to several validity checks; this paper shows that the instrument is indeed idiosyncratic and proves that government officials did not establish less-cumbersome membership rules in districts with worse initial indicators.
Book Synopsis Health Reforms Across The World: The Experience Of Twelve Small And Medium-sized Nations With Changing Their Healthcare Systems by : Kieke G Okma
Download or read book Health Reforms Across The World: The Experience Of Twelve Small And Medium-sized Nations With Changing Their Healthcare Systems written by Kieke G Okma and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the health reform experiences over the past three decades of twelve small and medium-sized nations that are not often included in international comparative studies in this field. The major conclusion of the study is that despite many similarities in policy goals, policy challenges and in the menu of policy options for countries that seek to offer universal coverage to their population, the health reforms of the nations in this book did not converge into one direction or model. However, we found several widespread policy experiences that are relevant for others, too.For example, user fees are unpopular everywhere. Governments often try to soften the consequences by exempting large groups of users, thus largely defeating the very purpose of those fees.As a second example, the introduction of new payment modes for medical care — like the shift from fee for service to case-based payment — took much longer than originally expected everywhere, and also failed to deliver their promises of improved transparency or efficiency gains A third example is that proposals are for universal coverage often ignore the challenges of implementing new financing models that elsewhere took decades if not centuries to develop.The conclusions contain both empirical findings and theoretical conclusions of interest to policy-makers and scholars of international comparison. It is accessible for academics, healthcare managers and students as well as a wider audience of readers interested in the changes in healthcare across the world.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by : Maria-Luisa Escobar
Download or read book The Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Colombia embarked in 1993 on a fifteen-year effort to cover its entire population with insurance, in combination with greater freedom to choose among providers. A decade later Mexico followed suit with a program tailored to its federal system. Several African nations have introduced new programs in the past decade, and many are testing options for reform. For the past twenty years, Eastern Europe has been shifting from government-run care to insurance-based competitive systems, and both China and India have experimental programs to expand coverage. These nations are betting that insurance-based health care financing can increase the accessibility of services, increase providers' productivity, and change the population's health care use patterns, mirroring the development of health systems in most OECD countries. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance–based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populations—and if so, how to do it—or to serve them through other means. Using recent household data, this book presents evidence of the impact of insurance programs in China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ghana, Indonesia, Namibia, and Peru. The contributors also discuss potential design improvements that could increase impact. They provide innovative insights on improving the evaluation of health insurance reforms and on building a robust knowledge base to guide policy as other countries tackle the health insurance challenge.
Book Synopsis Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism by : Raymond A. Smith
Download or read book Global HIV/AIDS Politics, Policy, and Activism written by Raymond A. Smith and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of specialists in politics, policy, and activism provide an indispensable guide to the persistent challenges and emerging issues posed by the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, now in its fourth decade. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is at a critical turning point. Compelling new findings herald the potential to eventually grind the epidemic to a halt through a combination of expanded treatment coverage and new biomedical approaches to prevention. At the same time, the severe global economic downturns have negatively affected wealthy donor nations that have provided the funds and technical support for programs in the developing world. It is against this backdrop that this landmark three-volume set was developed. It provides a broad overview of the critical political issues surrounding HIV/AIDS, inspects key areas of policy and policymaking, and spotlights the most important forms of activism and community mobilization. The volumes reflect an eclectic and wide-ranging set of issues written by an international team comprising dozens of authors from nations including the United States, the United Kingdom, Ghana, South Africa, Brazil, Cambodia, Norway, and Qatar. The international contributors represent a variety of disciplines and bring with them a range of styles and methodological approaches appropriate to their specific topics and disciplines. An important addition to academic and public libraries, this expansive work will benefit students and other readers interested in politics, policymaking, public health, activism, and community mobilization, both in the United States and globally.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Across Worldwide Health Systems by : Aida Isabel Tavares
Download or read book Health Insurance Across Worldwide Health Systems written by Aida Isabel Tavares and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-03-13 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health insurance is the mechanism used to respond to uncertainty and risk aversion to illness. Health insurance, whether private, public, or mixed, serves as the main structural foundation for health systems across countries. Its objectives are to minimize the financial burden of medical expenses on people and to enhance population health. Globally, there is a great diversity of health systems and even greater variation among them. There are substantial differences in health systems and health insurance between low- and middle-income nations. The primary explanation for this could be the disparities in the resources available to fund the health system. High-income countries have the financing ability to fund the provision of health care, whereas low- and medium-income countries have a harder time funding health care. Another challenge health systems face nowadays is the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3: healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. To create resilient and sustainable health systems that guarantee healthy lives and foster well-being for people of all ages, many countries are redesigning their healthcare systems by improving financing, access, and coverage. This book discusses these issues in different health systems around the world, in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.
Book Synopsis Changing Perspectives on the Social Sciences in Ghana by : Samuel Agyei-Mensah
Download or read book Changing Perspectives on the Social Sciences in Ghana written by Samuel Agyei-Mensah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first compilation of its kind that brings together discussions of the evolution of scholarship in different branches of the Social Sciences. It presents a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text exploring the changing dynamics of the Social Sciences in Ghana, offering a broader perspective from which to view the evolution, theory, methods, substance and relevance of each of the Social Science disciplines and their multiple interfaces. The introduction and the conclusion are devoted to the theoretical, comparative and empirical debate over the Social Sciences from historical and analytical perspectives. Written by acknowledged experts, the 15 chapters span the following disciplines: Archaeology and Heritage Studies; History; Geography; Psychology; Sociology and Anthropology; Social Work; Economics; Political Science; International Affairs; Information Studies; Communication Studies; African Studies; Development Studies; Women’s and Gender Studies and Adult and Continuing Education. Changing Perspectives on the Social Sciences in Ghana offers sophisticated perspectives for comparing and appreciating the synergies, differences, trends and nuances among and between the Social Science disciplines in Ghana, in a holistic and scholarly manner.
Book Synopsis Geographies of Health and Development by : Rachel Bezner Kerr
Download or read book Geographies of Health and Development written by Rachel Bezner Kerr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geographies of health and development is an emerging sub-discipline, tying in with many of the conceptual, theoretical and practical components of other disciplines working in health, health care, economics, and international development. Spatially and theoretically grounded in geography, this collection offers a fresh perspective on the dialectic relationships between health and development. Health problems in a developing context take on much higher rates of prevalence as a result of the varied cultural, structural and economic vulnerabilities of the people they impact. This book begins by exploring some of the circumstances surrounding the distinctive health inequities currently facing many developing countries, including malaria, maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS. This is followed by a discussion of how matters of physical access and human resource issues and, perhaps most importantly, the challenges of financing, together shape the access and utilization of health care. Examining how the environment interacts to influence the health of the people that live there, the next section includes discussion around challenges of food (in)security, and the importance of clean and uncontaminated water for health. Finally, the book explores the influence of globalization on health, specifically within the urban environment, against the backdrop of global health policy.
Book Synopsis Structural Approaches in Public Health by : Marni Sommer
Download or read book Structural Approaches in Public Health written by Marni Sommer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2014! That health has many social determinants is well established and a myriad range of structural factors – social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental – are now known to impact on population well-being. Public health practice has started exploring and responding to a range of health-related challenges from a structural paradigm, including individual and population vulnerability to infection with HIV and AIDS, injury-prevention, obesity, and smoking cessation. Recognising the inadequacy of public health responses that focus solely on individual behaviour change to improve population health outcomes, this text promotes a more holistic approach. Discussing the structural factors related to health and well-being that are both within and outside of an individual’s control, it explores what form structural approaches can take, the underlying theory of structure as a risk factor and the local realities, environments, and priorities that public health practitioners need to take into consideration. Anchored in empirical evidence, the book provides case studies of innovative and influential interventions – from the 100% condom program, to urban planning, injury prevention, and the provision of adequate clean drinking water and sanitation systems – and concludes with a section on implementing and evaluating structural public health programs. This comprehensive text brings together a selection of internationally-recognised authors to provide an overview for students and practitioners working in or concerned with public health around the globe.
Book Synopsis Multiethnic Democracy by : Jeremy Horowitz
Download or read book Multiethnic Democracy written by Jeremy Horowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Ethnic Foundations of Electoral Politics in Kenya -- 3. Ethnicity and the Swing Vote -- 4. Campaign Strategy: Appealing to a Diverse Electorate -- 5. Persuasion on the Campaign Trail -- 6. From Electoral Politics to Policymaking: Education Reform in Kenya -- 7. Electoral Competition and Policymaking in Ghana -- 8. Conclusion.
Book Synopsis Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme by : Huihui Wang
Download or read book Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme written by Huihui Wang and published by World Bank Studies. This book was released on 2017-07 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country's commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers' abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.
Book Synopsis Taxation in Ghana: a Fiscal Policy Tool for Development by : Dr. George Appiah-Sokye
Download or read book Taxation in Ghana: a Fiscal Policy Tool for Development written by Dr. George Appiah-Sokye and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book-Taxation in Ghana: A Fiscal Policy Tool for Development- is the product of considerable tax research from 1943 to 2018, spanning a period of 75 years and grounded in knowledge and concepts; as well as, applications through an extended period of tax practice, teaching and learning; combined with international exposure. A lot of insights have been illuminated based on lessons learned and drawn from other countries, including the United States of America to enrich the contents. Against the backdrop of the dynamic nature of taxation and fiscal policy. Most of the existing taxation books in Ghana focused on tax practice. So, the purpose of this book is to bridge the taxation scholarship gap. In addition to traditionally-treated topics in most taxation books in Ghana, the novelty in this book is the inclusion of important topics on tax planning, tax reforms, and tax administration, and many more. As a result, specific recommendations have been proffered for the consideration of policy makers in developing countries. References and Acts of Parliament; supported by appendices have been provided for further studies on the subject. A true story of the first major oil discovery in Ghana by Mr. George Yaw Owusu with M. Rutledge McCall published 2017 in the United States of America: In Pursuit of JUBILEE was used to enrich the discussion on petroleum (Oil and Gas) in Chapter 48 of this textbook. Additionally, Apostle Professor Opoku Onyinah of the Church of Pentecost has been presented for his phenomenal transformational leadership in Africa in Chapter 66. The book has been designed for: (1) Individual study, (2) Group study, (3) Lecture material, (4) Policy Manual, and (5) library or reference.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Social Protection Systems by : Schüring, Esther
Download or read book Handbook on Social Protection Systems written by Schüring, Esther and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting and innovative Handbook provides readers with a comprehensive and globally relevant overview of the instruments, actors and design features of social protection systems, as well as their application and impacts in practice. It is the first book that centres around system building globally, a theme that has gained political importance yet has received relatively little attention in academia.
Book Synopsis Neoliberal Globalisation and Resistance from Below by : Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno
Download or read book Neoliberal Globalisation and Resistance from Below written by Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As bearers of their own emancipation, the political agency of the subaltern classes is a vexed question, a time-honoured one at that. Why do the subalterns endure injustices without revolting most of the time, but revolt sometimes against some injustices? The euphoria of ’globalisation-from-below’, this book argues, skirts responsibility of addressing this question by presuming a groundswell of resistance across the world against neoliberal globalisation. In contrast to this oeuvre, Neoliberal Globalisation and Resistance from Below engages this question squarely by using the socio-historical approach to explain why the subalterns resist neoliberal globalisation in Bolivia and not in Ghana. The author urges scholars of critical political economy to pay greater attention to why the subalterns resist, rather than how they resist, or what the ideal end of their resistance should be. Such refocusing of the research and political lens will yield a more realistic picture of what is politically possible in the social context of peripheral capitalism regarding an anti-capitalist revolution. The author further argues that this refocusing will cure many of the romantic anti-capitalist claims and banal wishful thinking of a socialist revolution in peripheral capitalist regions such as Latin American, The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and Sub-Saharan Africa. Neoliberal Globalisation and Resistance from Below will be of interest to students and scholars of African politics, neoliberalism, globalisation, political economy and subaltern politics.
Book Synopsis Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries by : Maria-Luisa Escobar
Download or read book Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance-based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populationsand if so, how to do itor to serve them through other means.
