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Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme
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Book Synopsis Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme by : Huihui Wang
Download or read book Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme written by Huihui Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country’s commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers’ abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.
Book Synopsis Health Financing in Ghana by : George Schieber
Download or read book Health Financing in Ghana written by George Schieber and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyzes Ghana s National Health Insurance Scheme and highlights the range of policy options needed to assure its financially sustainable transition to universal coverage.
Book Synopsis Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries by : Maria-Luisa Escobar
Download or read book Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance-based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populationsand if so, how to do itor to serve them through other means.
Book Synopsis Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme by : Huihui Wang
Download or read book Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme written by Huihui Wang and published by World Bank Studies. This book was released on 2017-07 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country's commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers' abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.
Book Synopsis A Review of the National Health Insurance Scheme and the Possibility of a Single Premium for a Decade by : Charles Mensah
Download or read book A Review of the National Health Insurance Scheme and the Possibility of a Single Premium for a Decade written by Charles Mensah and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, , course: ACTUARIAL SCIENCE, language: English, abstract: The research reviewed the National Health Insurance Scheme and accessed the possibility of a single premium for decade. The whole research had its foundations from the specific objectives which were; to access the possibility of a single premium for a decade that is feasible enough to sustain the scheme, to identify alternative means of generating income to sustain the Kassena- Nankana District Mutual Health Scheme and to assess the perception of registered and potential clients on the NHIS. The research design employed was statistical survey and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a sample of fifty respondents. The research study has its justification from the current government’s intention to implement a single premium system for the NHIS. The main hypothesis that “A single premium is feasible to improve healthcare in Ghana” was accepted with some few actuarial assumptions being made. The research findings emphasized the inclusion of age distribution as key variable to avoid all ages paying the same premium. Problem like moral hazards was addressed in this study and advocacy was suggested as a way of curbing it down. The administrative and accounting systems of NHIS must be fully computerized to help reduce the stress of working manually. Advocacy was also suggested as a solution to the problem of clients going for medications for non registered clients with their NHIS card. Keywords; Insurance, Single premium, Health Inurance, Premium.
Book Synopsis The Solidarity of Self-interest by : Daniel Kojo Arhinful
Download or read book The Solidarity of Self-interest written by Daniel Kojo Arhinful and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the history of health care since colonial times (1850) up to after independence in 1957. Presents the results of field research carried out in the districts of Nkoranza, Dangme-West, and Suhum Kraboa Coaltar. Looks at options, values and limitations of a state-organized solidarity risk-sharing scheme, and whether it can improve access by the poor and vulnerable members of the community.
Book Synopsis Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme in the Context of the Health MDGS - An Empirical Evaluation Using Propensity Score Matching by : Christoph M. Schmidt
Download or read book Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme in the Context of the Health MDGS - An Empirical Evaluation Using Propensity Score Matching written by Christoph M. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2003 the Government of Ghana established a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to improve health care access for Ghanaians and eventually replace the cash and-carry system. This study evaluates the NHIS to determine whether it is fulfilling its purpose in the context of the Millennium Development Goals #4 and #5 which deal with the health of women and children. We use Propensity Score Matching techniques to balance the relevant background characteristics in our survey data and compare health outcomes of recent mothers who are enrolled in the NHIS with those who are not. Our findings suggest that NHIS women are more likely to receive prenatal care, deliver at a hospital, have their deliveries attended by trained health professionals, and experience less birth complications. We conclude that NHIS is an effective tool for increasing health care access, and improving health outcomes.
Book Synopsis Voluntary Health Insurance in the European Union by : Elias Mossialos
Download or read book Voluntary Health Insurance in the European Union written by Elias Mossialos and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Reform by : Marc J. Roberts
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Reform written by Marc J. Roberts and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book applies an established analytical framework for health sector reform (Getting Health Reform Right, Oxford, 2004) to the performance problems of the pharmaceutical sector. The book is divided into three sections. The first section presents the basic ideas for analysis. It begins by insisting that reform start with a clear understanding of the performance deficiencies of the current system. Like all priority setting in the public sector, this 'definition of the problem' involves both ethical choices and political processes. Early chapters explain the foundations of these ideas and apply them to the pharmaceutical sector. The relationship of ultimate outcomes (like health status or risk protection) to classic health systems concepts like efficiency, access and quality is also explored. The last chapter in the first part is devoted to 'diagnosis'—explaining how to move from the definition of a problem to an understanding of how the functioning of the system produces the undesirable outcomes in question. The second part of the book devotes one chapter to each of five 'control knobs': finance, payment, organization, regulation and persuasion. These are sets of potential interventions that governments can use to improve pharmaceutical sector performance. Each chapter presents basic concepts and discusses examples of reform options. Throughout we provide 'conditional guidance'—avoiding the approach of a 'one size fits all' model of 'best practices' in these five arenas for reform. Instead we stress the need for local knowledge of political systems, administrative capacities, community values and market conditions in order to design pharmaceutical sector policies appropriate to a country’s particular circumstances. The last part of the book is a set of teaching cases. Each is preceded by questions and is followed by a brief note on the lessons to be learned. The goal is to help readers develop the skills they need to deal effectively with pharmaceutical sector reform problems in their own countries.
Download or read book Healthcare Access written by Umar Bacha and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare Access - Regional Overviews is a compilation of ten chapters consisting of case studies, research works, reviews, and expert opinions providing insight on the previous and current developments in the field of hygiene and infection control with practices to prevent or minimize the spread of infectious diseases. The book also addresses the status and healthcare access of the most neglected segments in less developed countries. All chapters are written by global researchers are edited by experts in the field. The information presented in this work can be replicated at different levels to accelerate timely and quality healthcare services.
Book Synopsis The effect of insurance enrollment on maternal and child health care utilization by : Gajate-Garrido, Gissele
Download or read book The effect of insurance enrollment on maternal and child health care utilization written by Gajate-Garrido, Gissele and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to and use of health services are concerns in poor countries. If implemented correctly, health insurance may help solve these concerns. Due to selection and omitted variable bias, however, it is difficult to determine whether joining an insurance scheme improves medical care–seeking behaviors. This paper uses representative data for the whole country of Ghana and an instrumental variable approach to estimate the causal impact on healthcare use of participating in Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme. Idiosyncratic variations in membership rules at the district level provide exogenous variation in enrollment. The instrument is the existence of nonstandard verification methods to allow enrollment of children. Using the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and a census of all district insurance offices, this paper finds that insurance membership increases the probability of (1) seeking higher-quality (but no greater quantity of) maternal services and (2) parents’ becoming more active users of child curative care. Instrumental variable estimates are larger than ordinary least squares ones, indicating that “compliers” have much higher returns to being insured than the average participant. Results are robust to several validity checks; this paper shows that the instrument is indeed idiosyncratic and proves that government officials did not establish less-cumbersome membership rules in districts with worse initial indicators.
Book Synopsis Social Health Insurance for Developing Nations by : R. Paul Shaw
Download or read book Social Health Insurance for Developing Nations written by R. Paul Shaw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist groups have often advised health ministers and other decision makers in developing countries on the use of social health insurance (SHI) as a way of mobilizing revenue for health, reforming health sector performance, and providing universal coverage. This book reviews the specific design and implementation challenges facing SHI in low- and middle-income countries and presents case studies on Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, Colombia, and Thailand.
Book Synopsis Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance by : Alexander S. Preker
Download or read book Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance written by Alexander S. Preker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an in-depth review on the role of health care financing in improving access for low-income populations to needed care, protecting them from the impoverishing effects of illness, and addressing the important issues of social exclusion in government financed programs.
Download or read book The World Health Report [2010] written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309377641 Total Pages :247 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Providing Sustainable Mental and Neurological Health Care in Ghana and Kenya by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Providing Sustainable Mental and Neurological Health Care in Ghana and Kenya written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders have a substantial impact on global health and well-being. Disorders such as depression, alcohol abuse, and schizophrenia constitute about 13 percent of the total burden of disease. Worldwide, MNS disorders are the leading cause of disability, and the 10th leading cause of death. Despite this high burden, there is a significant shortage of resources available to prevent, diagnose, and treat MNS disorders. Approximately four out of five people with serious MNS disorders living in low- and middle-income countries do not receive needed health services. This treatment gap is particularly high in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Challenges to MNS care in SSA countries include a lack of trained mental health professionals, few mental health facilities, and low prioritization for MNS disorders in budget allocations. African countries, on average, have one psychiatrist for every 2 million people, whereas European countries have one psychiatrist per 12,000 people. Expanding on previous efforts to address the development and improvement of sustainable mental health systems in SSA, the Institute of Medicine convened this 2015 workshop series, bringing together key stakeholders to examine country-specific opportunities to improve the health care infrastructure in order to better prevent, diagnose, and treat MNS disorders. Providing Sustainable Mental and Neurological Health Care in Ghana and Kenya summarizes the presentations and discussions from these workshops.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Handbook by : Hong Wang
Download or read book Health Insurance Handbook written by Hong Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries that subscribe to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have committed to ensuring access to basic health services for their citizens. Health insurance has been considered and promoted as the major financing mechanism to improve access to health services, as well to provide financial risk protection.
Book Synopsis Social Health Insurance by : Charles Normand
Download or read book Social Health Insurance written by Charles Normand and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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