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Geomechanical Characterization Of Co2 Storage Reservoirs On The Rock Springs Uplift Wy
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Book Synopsis Geomechanical Characterization of CO2 Storage Reservoirs on the Rock Springs Uplift, WY by : Hua Yu
Download or read book Geomechanical Characterization of CO2 Storage Reservoirs on the Rock Springs Uplift, WY written by Hua Yu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon sequestration in deep geological formations has been considered as an important and practical solution to significantly reduce the CO2 emission. CO2 injection into reservoirs may lead to mechanical, chemical, and hydrological effects on the geological formations. This Ph.D. research primarily focuses on quantifying and analyzing geomechanical properties and the effect of CO2 on geomechanical properties of reservoir rocks. The research includes: 1) select and prepare rock samples (Weber Sandstone) from Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming; 2) design and conduct geomechanical experiments; 3) improve the estimations of geomechanical properties of rocks; 4) develop the analytical model describing the nonlinear rock failure behavior; 5) investigate the effect of compliant pores on reservoir rocks under different stress states; 6) quantify and analyze the changes in geomechanical properties of reservoir rocks due to CO2. Major conclusions drawn from this research were summarized. First, a new method proposed for estimating elastic constants and crack propagation stress thresholds significantly eliminates bias due to both user-defined data interval and poor data resolution on the stress-strain data analysis procedures. Second, a generalized power-law failure criterion was derived in terms of the rock strength properties and validated through published test data for different rock types. Third, the nonlinear pore pressure-volumetric strain relationship at low confining pressure changes to a linear behavior at high confining pressure. Fourth, the unstable crack growth region governed by the initial compliant porosity is independent of the differential pressure. Fifth, the effect of CO2 on geomechanical properties of Weber Sandstone in the linear elastic, nonlinear plastic, and post-failure regime is limited. However, a consistent change in Mohr failure coefficients due to CO2 was observed.
Book Synopsis Site Characterization of the Highest-priority Geologic Formations for CO2 Storage in Wyoming by :
Download or read book Site Characterization of the Highest-priority Geologic Formations for CO2 Storage in Wyoming written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, funded by U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory award DE-FE0002142 along with the state of Wyoming, uses outcrop and core observations, a diverse electric log suite, a VSP survey, in-bore testing (DST, injection tests, and fluid sampling), a variety of rock/fluid analyses, and a wide range of seismic attributes derived from a 3-D seismic survey to thoroughly characterize the highest-potential storage reservoirs and confining layers at the premier CO2 geological storage site in Wyoming. An accurate site characterization was essential to assessing the following critical aspects of the storage site: (1) more accurately estimate the CO2 reservoir storage capacity (Madison Limestone and Weber Sandstone at the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU)), (2) evaluate the distribution, long-term integrity, and permanence of the confining layers, (3) manage CO2 injection pressures by removing formation fluids (brine production/treatment), and (4) evaluate potential utilization of the stored CO2.
Book Synopsis Geological CO2 Storage Characterization by : Ronald C. Surdam
Download or read book Geological CO2 Storage Characterization written by Ronald C. Surdam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates geological CO2 storage and its role in greenhouse gas emissions reduction, enhanced oil recovery, and environmentally responsible use of fossil fuels. Written for energy/environmental regulators at every level of government (federal, state, etc.), scientists/academics, representatives from the power and fossil energy sectors, NGOs, and other interested parties, this book uses the characterization of the Rock Springs Uplift site in Wyoming as an integrated case study to illustrate the application of geological CO2 storage science, principles, and theory in a real-world scenario.
Book Synopsis Simulation of CO2 Sequestration at Rock Spring Uplift, Wyoming by :
Download or read book Simulation of CO2 Sequestration at Rock Spring Uplift, Wyoming written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many geological, geochemical, geomechanical and hydrogeological factors control CO2 storage in subsurface. Among them heterogeneity in saline aquifer can seriously influence design of injection wells, CO2 injection rate, CO2 plume migration, storage capacity, and potential leakage and risk assessment. This study applies indicator geostatistics, transition probability and Markov chain model at the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming generating facies-based heterogeneous fields for porosity and permeability in target saline aquifer (Pennsylvanian Weber sandstone) and surrounding rocks (Phosphoria, Madison and cap-rock Chugwater). A multiphase flow simulator FEHM is then used to model injection of CO2 into the target saline aquifer involving field-scale heterogeneity. The results reveal that (1) CO2 injection rates in different injection wells significantly change with local permeability distributions; (2) brine production rates in different pumping wells are also significantly impacted by the spatial heterogeneity in permeability; (3) liquid pressure evolution during and after CO2 injection in saline aquifer varies greatly for different realizations of random permeability fields, and this has potential important effects on hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir rock, reactivation of pre-existing faults and the integrity of the cap-rock; (4) CO2 storage capacity estimate for Rock Springs Uplift is 6614 ± 256 Mt at 95% confidence interval, which is about 36% of previous estimate based on homogeneous and isotropic storage formation; (5) density profiles show that the density of injected CO2 below 3 km is close to that of the ambient brine with given geothermal gradient and brine concentration, which indicates CO2 plume can sink to the deep before reaching thermal equilibrium with brine. Finally, we present uncertainty analysis of CO2 leakage into overlying formations due to heterogeneity in both the target saline aquifer and surrounding formations. This uncertainty in leakage will be used to feed into risk assessment modeling.
Book Synopsis Geomechanical Characterization and Reservoir Simulation of a CO2 Sequestration Project in a Mature Oil Field, Teapot Dome, WY by : Laura Chiaramonte
Download or read book Geomechanical Characterization and Reservoir Simulation of a CO2 Sequestration Project in a Mature Oil Field, Teapot Dome, WY written by Laura Chiaramonte and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geomechanical Characterization of Reservoir and Cap Rocks for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by : Sudarshan Govindarajan
Download or read book Geomechanical Characterization of Reservoir and Cap Rocks for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration written by Sudarshan Govindarajan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Geological sequestration of CO2 has been identified as one method to reduce global emissions of CO2 and achieve lower levels of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Geological formations have to be assessed in terms of their capacity, sealing capabilities and economic feasibility before CO2 sequestration can commence. Potential leakage of injected CO2 from the reservoir formation could occur due to natural or injection induced faults or fractures in the reservoir or sealing formations. As part of a potential leakage investigation a geomechanical characterization which refers to the assessment of the in-situ stress conditions, rock strength and stiffness properties of the formations of interest helps to determine the seal integrity before, during and after injection of CO2 into the formation. In this study a rock mechanical testing apparatus was designed and commissioned, and the geological formations of interest were analyzed by conducting rock mechanical testing including Brazilian tensile tests, uniaxial tests and single stage triaxial tests accompanied by sonic velocity tests. Mohr Coulomb and Hoek Brown criteria were used to determine failure characteristics. The study helps establish the safe injection pressure. It was found that the formations had a greater likelihood of undergoing tensile failure than shear failure. Although laboratory tests revealed that the capping rock has a higher tensile strength than the reservoir rock, the combination of in-situ stress and pore pressure conditions makes the cap rock susceptible to failure very close to the tensile failure value of the reservoir rock and hence the injection pressures have to be maintained just below that of the tensile failure value of the reservoir rock"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Geomechanics in CO2 Storage Facilities by : Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot
Download or read book Geomechanics in CO2 Storage Facilities written by Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 capture and geological storage is seen as the most effective technology to rapidly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Up until now and before proceeding to an industrial development of this technology, laboratory research has been conducted for several years and pilot projects have been launched. So far, these studies have mainly focused on transport and geochemical issues and few studies have been dedicated to the geomechanical issues in CO2 storage facilities. The purpose of this book is to give an overview of the multiphysics processes occurring in CO2 storage facilities, with particular attention given to coupled geomechanical problems. The book is divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to transport processes and focuses on the efficiency of the storage complex and the evaluation of possible leakage paths. The second part deals with issues related to reservoir injectivity and the presence of fractures and occurrence of damage. The final part of the book concerns the serviceability and ageing of the geomaterials whose poromechanical properties may be altered by contact with the injected reactive fluid.
Book Synopsis CO2-enhanced Water Recovery Through Integrated CO2 Injection and Brine Extraction in the Rock Springs Uplift Formation in Southwest, WY by : Kelsey A. Hunter
Download or read book CO2-enhanced Water Recovery Through Integrated CO2 Injection and Brine Extraction in the Rock Springs Uplift Formation in Southwest, WY written by Kelsey A. Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2-EWR is modeled by integrating the Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer code (fehm.lanl.gov) to simulate the flow of CO2 and brine within the reservoir and a well model to connect the properties of CO2 and brine at the surface to the properties in the reservoir. The integrated consideration of the two models determines optimal combinations of CO2 injection and brine extraction rates and identifies relationships dictated by the injection and storage of CO2 and brine extraction. I modeled CO2-EWR in the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU) formation in southwest Wyoming and controlled the rates of CO2 injection and brine extraction in order to understand the physical tradeoffs that affect the pressure evolution, CO2 storage capabilities, and CO2 Area of Review (AoR) in the aquifer.
Book Synopsis Microseismic Monitoring and Geomechanical Modelling of CO2 Storage in Subsurface Reservoirs by : James P. Verdon
Download or read book Microseismic Monitoring and Geomechanical Modelling of CO2 Storage in Subsurface Reservoirs written by James P. Verdon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents an impressive summary of the potential to use passive seismic methods to monitor the sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 in geologic reservoirs. It brings together innovative research in two distinct areas – seismology and geomechanics – and involves both data analysis and numerical modelling. The data come from the Weyburn-Midale project, which is currently the largest Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the world. James Verdon’s results show how passive seismic monitoring can be used as an early warning system for fault reactivation and top seal failure, which may lead to the escape of CO2 at the surface.
Book Synopsis Management of Displaced Waters from Geological Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sequestration Within the Wyoming Rock Springs Uplift by : Xuan He
Download or read book Management of Displaced Waters from Geological Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sequestration Within the Wyoming Rock Springs Uplift written by Xuan He and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geological CO2 sequestration project at the Wyoming Rock Springs Uplift site is anticipated to result in the injection of 127.5 million tonnes (1.7 million tonnes per year) of CO2 per well into the Tensleep/Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone formations over a 75 year period (Surdam et al., 2009). Large amounts of water must be extracted from the formations in order to maintain reservoir forces under fracture pressure limits. Sequestration of CO2 within the two aquifers would require approximately 75 million tonnes (1 million tonnes per year) of saline water to be removed from the reservoirs. An obvious challenge for this project is to determine how to manage the displaced water in order to prevent adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, the potential impacts of the displaced water on surface waters, soils, and vegetation ecosystems, where large amounts of displaced waters are utilized, were assessed in this study. Water treatment technologies were investigated to determine possible processes that might be implemented to reduce the salt content of the displaced water that would allow for other uses. Reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash (MSF) processes were considered the most promising desalination technologies, with RO more cost-efficient compared to MSF based on historical data. Consequently, it is imperative that possible scenarios be developed whereby the treated waters can be utilized for beneficial uses, which include: industrial--power plants or water treatment plants, oil and gas industry, and soda ash production; agricultural--irrigation and livestock; ecological--enhanced in-stream flow or fisheries, wetlands or artificial wetlands, injection for aquifer storage or recovery and recreation areas; domestic--drinking water, dust abasement, fire-fighting and vehicles wash; and others--mineral extraction.
Book Synopsis Combining Geologic Data and Numerical Modeling to Improve Estimates of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of the Rock Springs Uplift Wyoming by :
Download or read book Combining Geologic Data and Numerical Modeling to Improve Estimates of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of the Rock Springs Uplift Wyoming written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Integration of Prestack Waveform Inversion and Rock Physics Inversion for CO2 Reservoir Characterization by : Josianne L. Pafeng Tschuindjang
Download or read book Integration of Prestack Waveform Inversion and Rock Physics Inversion for CO2 Reservoir Characterization written by Josianne L. Pafeng Tschuindjang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses a seismic reservoir characterization study and time-lapse feasibility of reservoir monitoring of carbon dioxide using seismic data, via rock physics models, global and local nonlinear inversions. It also aims to investigate the value of data integration, the relative impact of elastic and electrical rock physics model parameters on inverted petrophysical properties, and the feasibility of using resistivity data from time-lapse electromagnetic survey to monitor the displacement of carbon dioxide in the subsurface. This study focuses on the identification of target storage and sealing lithologies for a future carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring project at the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU), Wyoming, USA. Seismic reservoir characterization aims to estimate reservoir rock and fluid properties such as porosity, fluid saturation, lithology, which are important properties for hydrocarbon exploration as well as carbon dioxide sequestration and monitoring projects. These petrophysical properties affect elastic attributes which in turn, affect the seismic response. Estimating reservoir properties therefore constitutes an inverse problem. Geophysical inverse problems are challenging because of the noise in recorded data, the nonlinearity of the inverse problem, the nonuniqueness of the solutions, etc. Depending upon the complexity of the problems, we can either use a local or a global optimization scheme to solve the specific problem. In this dissertation, we use a multilevel parallelization of a global prestack waveform inversion to three-dimensional seismic data with sparse well-information, to estimate subsurface elastic attributes like P-, S-wave velocity and density. This study contributes to the inversion of 3D large seismic data volume in an efficient computational time while providing high-resolution structural images of the subsurface compared to amplitude-variation-with-offset/angle (AVO/AVA) inversion. Following prestack waveform inversion, we use rock physics models to relate elastic attributes to reservoir properties and apply a local nonlinear least squares inversion scheme based on the trust-region algorithm, to invert elastic attributes for petrophysical properties like porosity and volumetric fractions of minerals. We apply this approach on well log data to validate the method, followed by applying it to the volumes of inverted elastic attributes obtained from prestack waveform inversion, to provide reservoir characterization away from the well. Because a carbon dioxide sequestration project is planned at the Rock Springs Uplift, we also investigate the feasibility of a time-lapse reservoir monitoring for the area using seismic data, by simulating the pressure and fluid effects on elastic velocities and synthetic seismograms. In the final part of this dissertation, we investigate the value of data integration by combining elastic and electrical attributes in a joint petrophysical inversion for reservoir rock and fluid properties. We illustrate the methodology using well log data sets from the Barents Sea and the Rock Springs Uplift, and show that the estimation of reservoir properties can be improved by combining multiple geophysical data. Despite the geological information we might have on a study area, there is often uncertainty in the choice of an adequate rock physics model and its input parameters not only at the well location, but also in areas with sparse well control. This study therefore helps understand the impact of such model parameters on inverted petrophysical properties and how it could affect reservoir interpretation. Next, we use a simple sharp interface model in order to provide a preliminary assessment of the extent of the CO2 plume, and thus address potential leakage risks. We also simulate the spatial distribution of CO2 after injection and compute corresponding resistivity datasets at different spatial resolutions, which we invert for water saturation. This synthetic study helps investigate the ability of monitoring the CO2 displacement using geophysical data.
Book Synopsis Geomechanical Studies of the Barnett Shale, Texas, USA by : John Peter Vermylen
Download or read book Geomechanical Studies of the Barnett Shale, Texas, USA written by John Peter Vermylen and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents five studies of a gas shale reservoir using diverse methodologies to investigate geomechanical and transport properties that are important across the full reservoir lifecycle. Using the Barnett shale as a case study, we investigated adsorption, permeability, geomechanics, microseismicity, and stress evolution in two different study areas. The main goals of this thesis can be divided into two parts: first, to investigate how flow properties evolve with changes in stress and gas species, and second, to understand how the interactions between stress, fractures, and microseismicity control the creation of a permeable reservoir volume during hydraulic fracturing. In Chapter 2, we present results from adsorption and permeability experiments conducted on Barnett shale rock samples. We found Langmuir-type adsorption of CH4 and N2 at magnitudes consistent with previous studies of the Barnett shale. Three of our samples demonstrated BET-type adsorption of CO2, in contrast to all previous studies on CO2 adsorption in gas shales, which found Langmuir-adsorption. At low pressures (600 psi), we found preferential adsorption of CO2 over CH4 ranging from 3.6x to 5.5x. While our measurements were conducted at low pressures (up to 1500 psi), when our model fits are extrapolated to reservoir pressures they reach similar adsorption magnitudes as have been found in previous studies. At these high reservoir pressures, the very large preferential adsorption of CO2 over CH4 (up to 5-10x) suggests a significant potential for CO2 storage in gas shales like the Barnett if practical problems of injectivity and matrix transport can be overcome. We successfully measured permeability versus effective stress on two intact Barnett shale samples. We measured permeability effective stress coefficients less than 1 on both samples, invalidating our hypothesis that there might be throughgoing flow paths within the soft, porous organic kerogen that would lead the permeability effective stress coefficient to be greater than 1. The results suggest that microcracks are likely the dominant flow paths at these scales. In Chapter 3, we present integrated geological, geophysical, and geomechanical data in order to characterize the rock properties in our Barnett shale study area and to model the stress state in the reservoir before hydraulic fracturing occurred. Five parallel, horizontal wells were drilled in the study area and then fractured using three different techniques. We used the well logs from a vertical pilot well and a horizontal well to constrain the stress state in the reservoir. While there was some variation along the length of the well, we were able to determine a best fit stress state of Pp = 0.48 psi/ft, Sv = 1.1 psi/ft, SHmax = 0.73 psi/ft, and Shmin = 0.68 psi/ft. Applying this stress state to the mapped natural fractures indicates that there is significant potential for induced shear slip on natural fracture planes in this region of the Barnett, particularly close to the main hydraulic fracture where the pore pressure increase during hydraulic fracturing is likely to be very high. In Chapter 4, we present new techniques to quantify the robustness of hydraulic fracturing in gas shale reservoirs. The case study we analyzed involves five parallel horizontal wells in the Barnett shale with 51 frac stages. To investigate the numbers, sizes, and types of microearthquakes initiated during each frac stage, we created Gutenberg-Richter-type magnitude distribution plots to see if the size of events follows the characteristic scaling relationship found in natural earthquakes. We found that slickwater fracturing does generate a log-linear distribution of microearthquakes, but that it creates proportionally more small events than natural earthquake sources. Finding considerable variability in the generation of microearthquakes, we used the magnitude analysis as a proxy for the "robustness" of the stimulation of a given stage. We found that the conventionally fractured well and the two alternately fractured wells ("zipperfracs") were more effective than the simultaneously fractured wells ("simulfracs") in generating microearthquakes. We also found that the later stages of fracturing a given well were more successful in generating microearthquakes than the early stages. In Chapter 5, we present estimates of stress evolution in our study reservoir through analysis of the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) at the end of each stage. The ISIP increased stage by stage for all wells, but the simulfrac wells showed the greatest increase and the zipperfrac wells the least. We modeled the stress increase in the reservoir with a simple sequence of 2-D cracks along the length of the well. When using a spacing of one crack per stage, the modeled stress increase was nearly identical to the measured stress increase in the zipperfrac wells. When using three cracks per stage, the modeled final stage stress magnitude matched the measured final stage stress magnitude from the simulfrac wells, but the rate of stress increase in the simulfrac wells was much more gradual than the model predicted. To further investigate the causes of these ISIP trends, we began numerical flow and stress analysis to more realistically model the processes in the reservoir. One of our hypotheses was that the shorter total time needed to complete all the stages of the simulfrac wells was the cause of the greater ISIP increase compared to the zipperfrac wells. The microseismic activity level measured in Chapter 4 also correlates with total length of injection, suggesting leak off into the reservoir encouraged shear failure. Numerical modeling using the coupled FEM and flow software GEOSIM was able to model some cumulative stress increase the reservoir, but the full trend was not replicated. Further work to model field observations of hydraulic fracturing will enhance our understanding of the impact that hydraulic fracturing and stress change have on fracture creation and permeability enhancement in gas shales.
Book Synopsis Geomechanical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Aspects of Co2 Injection Into Saline Reservoirs by : Maziar Foroutan
Download or read book Geomechanical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Aspects of Co2 Injection Into Saline Reservoirs written by Maziar Foroutan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide Capturing, and Sequestration (CCS) is a promising technique that helps mitigate the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. CCS process mainly involves capturing CO2 at the industrial plant, followed by transportation and injection into a suitable geological storage, under supercritical conditions. Saline aquifers are among the best geological storage candidates due to their availability, high storage capacity and injectivity. Despite the CCUS technology promise, several public safety concerns remain to be address, including but not limited to reservoir/wellbore stability and integrity, CO2 leakage, ground deformation (uplift) and induced seismicity. The injected supercritical CO2 is trapped through different mechanisms in the host reservoir including (i) structural and stratigraphic trapping, (ii) residual trapping, (iii) solubility trapping, and (iv) mineral trapping. Dissolution of CO2 into the formation brine creates an acidic environment, which is highly reactive. The potential mineral dissolution in reservoir rocks can enhance the storage capacity and reservoir injectivity, while the secondary precipitation of minerals can decrease the storage capacity and injectivity. However, the geochemical processes triggered by CO2 injection can potentially degrade the mechanical properties of the reservoir rock, which can consequently disturb the wellbore-stability, reservoir integrity, and lead to significant reservoir compaction. Furthermore, injecting CO2 changes the stress-regime by increasing pore-pressure in the reservoir and its surroundings, which can potentially reactivate the existing faults, leading to induced seismicity. In this research, experiments were performed to evaluate the variation of porosity and pore-connectivity of intact sandstone specimens upon injecting CO2-enriched brine. In addition, the permeability evolution during the CO2-enriched brine injection process was evaluated under different reservoir condition. The mechanical impacts of injecting CO2-enriched brine were evaluated by comparing the mechanical properties (i.e., elastic, strength, seismic and time dependent properties) before and after injecting CO2-enriched brine. In addition, to evaluate the response of fractured reservoirs to CO2 injection, CO2-enriched brine was injected into a limestone and varyingly cemented (i.e., calcite and quartz cemented) sandstone specimens that were artificially fractured. The experimental results were used to numerically simulate CO2 injection into a core-scale porous medium to investigate the changes in CO2 concentration and mass transfer mechanism under different porosity, permeability, and injection pressure values. The experimental results of injecting CO2-enrihed brine to the intact (non-fractured) specimens revealed permeability enhancement and mechanical weakening caused by mineral dissolution. The extent of changes in permeability and mechanical properties of rock specimens varied under different reservoir conditions (i.e., pressure, salinity, and temperature). The mechanical weakening increased the possibility of induced seismicity, which consequently resulted in decreasing the allowable injection pressure of CO2. However, the permeability increase resulted in enhancing CO2 mass transfer and accelerating the solubility trapping in the brine aquifer.
Book Synopsis Numerical study of underground CO2 storage and the utilization in depleted gas reservoirs by : Cheng Cao
Download or read book Numerical study of underground CO2 storage and the utilization in depleted gas reservoirs written by Cheng Cao and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered as the most promising technology for slowing down the atmospheric CO2 emissions. However, CCS has not been implemented on large scale because of the related risks and the lack of financial incentives. Regarding the risks associated with CCS, a parametric uncertainty analysis for CO2 storage was conducted and the general roles of different key geomechanical and hydrogeological parameters in response to CO2 injection were determined, which is beneficial for guiding time and effort spent mitigating the uncertainty to acquire trustworthy model forecasts and risk assessments. Regarding the financial incentives of CCS, co-injection of CO2 with impurities associated with enhanced gas recovery was analyzed, which is advantageous for decreasing the cost on gas separation and generating additional economic profit. In addition, the utilization of CO2 as cushion gas in the underground gas storage reservoir was proposed and analyzed, which can also be beneficial for improving the cost-effectiveness of CCS. Overall, this thesis is advantageous for promoting the application of CCS on large scale and mitigating the atmospheric CO2 emissions. Die Kohlenstoffabscheidung und –speicherung (CCS) gilt als die vielversprechendste Technologie zur Verlangsamung der atmosphärischen CO2–Emissionen. CCS wurde jedoch aufgrund der damit verbundenen Risiken und des Mangels an finanziellen Anreizen nicht in großem Umfang implementiert. In Bezug auf die mit CCS verbundenen Risiken wurde eine parametrische Unsicherheitsanalyse für die CO2-Speicherung durchgeführt und die allgemeinen Rollen verschiedener geomechanischer und hydrogeologischer Schlüsselparameter als Reaktion auf die CO2-Injektion ermittelt. Dies ist hilfreich, um den Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand für die Minderung der Unsicherheit zu verringern, um vertrauenswürdig zu werden Modellprognosen und Risikobewertungen. In Bezug auf die finanziellen Anreize von CCS wurde die gleichzeitige Injektion von CO2 mit Verunreinigungen im Zusammenhang mit einer verbesserten Gasrückgewinnung analysiert. Dies ist vorteilhaft, um die Kosten für die Gastrennung zu senken und zusätzlichen wirtschaftlichen Gewinn zu erzielen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Verwendung von CO2 als Polstergas im unterirdischen Gasspeicher vorgeschlagen und analysiert, was auch zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von CCS beitragen kann. Insgesamt ist diese These vorteilhaft, um die Anwendung von CCS in großem Maßstab zu fördern und die atmosphärischen CO2-Emissionen zu verringern.
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects by : Axel Liebscher
Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects written by Axel Liebscher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-21 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the industrial use of secure, permanent storage technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2), especially geological CO2 storage. Readers are invited to discover how this greenhouse gas could be spared from permanent release into the atmosphere through storage in deep rock formations. Themes explored here include CO2 reservoir management, caprock formation, bio-chemical processes and fluid migration. Particular attention is given to groundwater protection, the improvement of sensor technology, borehole seals and cement quality. A collaborative work by scientists and industrial partners, this volume presents original research, it investigates several aspects of innovative technologies for medium-term use and it includes a detailed risk analysis. Coal-based power generation, energy consuming industrial processes (such as steel and cement) and the burning of biomass all result in carbon dioxide. Those involved in such industries who are considering geological storage of CO2, as well as earth scientists and engineers will value this book and the innovative monitoring methods described. Researchers in the field of computer imaging and pattern recognition will also find something of interest in these chapters.
