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Geomechanical Analysis Of Intraplate Earthquakes And Earthquakes Induced During Stimulation Of Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs
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Book Synopsis Geomechanical Analysis of Intraplate Earthquakes and Earthquakes Induced During Stimulation of Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs by : Owen Varnum Hurd
Download or read book Geomechanical Analysis of Intraplate Earthquakes and Earthquakes Induced During Stimulation of Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs written by Owen Varnum Hurd and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis applies the principals of geomechanics to address a breadth of fundamental scientific questions regarding rock properties near major active faults, physical mechanisms driving intraplate earthquake activity, and how induced earthquakes in low-permeability natural gas reservoirs provide insight into reservoir deformation during hydraulic fracture stimulations. The first part of this thesis applies a shear-wave splitting analysis to examine physical controls on crustal anisotropy mechanisms on and near the North Anatolian Fault in northwest Turkey. The analysis indicates that stress-controlled mechanisms appear to prevail at distances greater than 1 km from the main fault trace while structure-controlled mechanisms are observed within 1 km of the main fault trace, suggesting the existence of heterogeneous physical properties between the main fault zone and surrounding crust. The second part of this thesis applies fundamental geomechanical principals to examine the compatibility of shear slip on intraplate faults in the central and eastern United States and southeastern Canada with frictional faulting theory in the context of the regional tectonic stress field. The application demonstrates that maximum horizontal stress orientations consistently trend NE-SW across the study area, horizontal principal stress magnitudes become increasingly compressive with respect to the vertical stress moving from the central U.S. toward the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada, and shear slip on the vast majority of intraplate fault planes is well described by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion in the current stress field assuming hydrostatic pore pressure in the upper crust and laboratory-determined coefficients of fault friction. The final part of this thesis applies an integrated, geomechanical and seismological analysis to evaluate the response of low permeability natural gas reservoirs to hydraulic fracturing stimulations in two case studies in western Canada. Geomechanical, waveform similarity, and microseismic event magnitude scaling analyses indicate that the reservoir response to hydraulic fracturing is generally characterized by shear deformation occurring on small faults reactivated during hydraulic fracturing stimulations. The advanced double-difference earthquake relocation technique is applied to improve microseismic event hypocenter locations. While the technique reduces scatter in microseismic event hypocenter locations, it is susceptible to producing hypocenter location artifacts in limited (single or double) monitoring array configurations. However, synthetic test show the double-difference technique could be a viable tool in accurately relocating microseismic events provided a suitable monitoring array configuration (three arrays or more) exists.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics by : Mark D. Zoback
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the US shale gas revolution in 2005, the development of unconventional oil and gas resources has gathered tremendous pace around the world. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geophysical, and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional reservoirs. The book begins with a detailed characterization of unconventional reservoir rocks: their composition and microstructure, mechanical properties, and the processes controlling fault slip and fluid flow. A discussion of geomechanical principles follows, including the state of stress, pore pressure, and the importance of fractures and faults. After reviewing the fundamentals of horizontal drilling, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, and stimulation of slip on pre-existing faults, the key factors impacting hydrocarbon production are explored. The final chapters cover environmental impacts and how to mitigate hazards associated with induced seismicity. This text provides an essential overview for students, researchers, and industry professionals interested in unconventional reservoirs.
Book Synopsis Intraplate Earthquakes by : Pradeep Talwani
Download or read book Intraplate Earthquakes written by Pradeep Talwani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first global overview of intraplate earthquakes, their mechanical models and investigative geophysical techniques, for academic researchers, professionals and engineers.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics by : Mark D. Zoback
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Book Synopsis Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering by : Milutin Srbulov
Download or read book Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering written by Milutin Srbulov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ... "Included on the Choice list with the outstanding academic Earth Sciences titles 2008" ... This volume describes simplified dynamic analyses that bridge the gap between the rather limited provisions of design codes and the rather eclectic methods used in sophisticated analyses. Graphs and spreadsheets are included for the ease and speed of use of simplified analyses of: soil slope (in)stability and displacements caused by earthquakes, sand liquefaction and flow caused by earthquakes, dynamic soil-foundation interaction, bearing capacity and additional settlement of shallow foundations, earthquake motion effects on tunnels and shafts, frequent liquefaction potential mitigation measures. A number of comments on the assumptions used in different methods, limitation and factors affecting the results are given. Several case histories are also included in the appendices in order to assess the accuracy and usefulness of the simplified methods. Audience This work is of interest to geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists, earthquake engineers and students.
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Book Synopsis Continental Intraplate Earthquakes by : Seth Stein
Download or read book Continental Intraplate Earthquakes written by Seth Stein and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Dynamic Coupled Hydro-geomechanical Code and Its Application to Induced Seismicity by : Mamun Md Miah
Download or read book Development of a Dynamic Coupled Hydro-geomechanical Code and Its Application to Induced Seismicity written by Mamun Md Miah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research describes the importance of a hydro-geomechanical coupling in the geologic sub-surface environment from fluid injection at geothermal plants, large-scale geological CO2 sequestration for climate mitigation, enhanced oil recovery, and hydraulic fracturing during wells construction in the oil and gas industries. A sequential computational code is developed to capture the multiphysics interaction behavior by linking a flow simulation code TOUGH2 and a geomechanics modeling code PyLith. Numerical formulation of each code is discussed to demonstrate their modeling capabilities. The computational framework involves sequential coupling, and solution of two sub-problems- fluid flow through fractured and porous media and reservoir geomechanics. For each time step of flow calculation, pressure field is passed to the geomechanics code to compute effective stress field and fault slips. A simplified permeability model is implemented in the code that accounts for the permeability of porous and saturated rocks subject to confining stresses. The accuracy of the TOUGH-PyLith coupled simulator is tested by simulating Terzaghi's 1D consolidation problem. The modeling capability of coupled poroelasticity is validated by benchmarking it against Mandel's problem. The code is used to simulate both quasi-static and dynamic earthquake nucleation and slip distribution on a fault from the combined effect of far field tectonic loading and fluid injection by using an appropriate fault constitutive friction model. Results from the quasi-static induced earthquake simulations show a delayed response in earthquake nucleation. This is attributed to the increased total stress in the domain and not accounting for pressure on the fault. However, this issue is resolved in the final chapter in simulating a single event earthquake dynamic rupture. Simulation results show that fluid pressure has a positive effect on slip nucleation and subsequent crack propagation. This is confirmed by running a sensitivity analysis that shows an increase in injection well distance results in delayed slip nucleation and rupture propagation on the fault.
Book Synopsis Geomechanics and Geology by : J.P. Turner
Download or read book Geomechanics and Geology written by J.P. Turner and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomechanics investigates the origin, magnitude and deformational consequences of stresses in the crust. In recent years awareness of geomechanical processes has been heightened by societal debates on fracking, human-induced seismicity, natural geohazards and safety issues with respect to petroleum exploration drilling, carbon sequestration and radioactive waste disposal. This volume explores the common ground linking geomechanics with inter alia economic and petroleum geology, structural geology, petrophysics, seismology, geotechnics, reservoir engineering and production technology. Geomechanics is a rapidly developing field that brings together a broad range of subsurface professionals seeking to use their expertise to solve current challenges in applied and fundamental geoscience. A rich diversity of case studies herein showcase applications of geomechanics to hydrocarbon exploration and field development, natural and artificial geohazards, reservoir stimulation, contemporary tectonics and subsurface fluid flow. These papers provide a representative snapshot of the exciting state of geomechanics and establish it firmly as a flourishing subdiscipline of geology that merits broadest exposure across the academic and corporate geosciences.
Book Synopsis Dams and Earthquakes by : B.K. Rastogi
Download or read book Dams and Earthquakes written by B.K. Rastogi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dams and Earthquakes deals with the association of earthquakes and large artificial lakes, particularly on the part that pore pressure plays in inducing earthquakes. The book also contains methods for recording seismic activity, before, during, and after the filling of reservoir dams through the installation of a network of portable seismographs. The text assesses the parameters and macroseismic effects of the Koyna earthquake in India in December 1967, as well as the instrumental and macroseismic data showing that the Koyna earthquake is a multiple seismic event. The book investigates the geology, hydrology, and seismicity of seismic reservoir sites, including three cases of induced seismicity after fluid injections in deep wells. A possible correlation between the reservoir level or volume of the injected fluid and the tremor frequency exists. The characteristic seismic features of reservoir associated earthquakes can reflect changes in the mechanical properties of rock masses near the reservoirs. The book also investigates the part played by increased pore-fluid pressures in triggering the earthquakes at Denver, Rangely, Kariba, Kremasta and Koyna. The UNESCO Working Group on "Seismic Phenomena Associated with Large Reservoirs" recommends the adoption of a two-phase planning in instrumental studies and surveys at sites to be used for large reservoirs. The book can be beneficial for meteorologists, environmentalists, geologists, civil engineers, structural engineers, or for officers of river and lake authorities.
Book Synopsis Reservoir Geomechanics by : Mark D. Zoback
Download or read book Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary book encompasses the fields of rock mechanics, structural geology and petroleum engineering to address a wide range of geomechanical problems that arise during the exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs. It considers key practical issues such as prediction of pore pressure, estimation of hydrocarbon column heights and fault seal potential, determination of optimally stable well trajectories, casing set points and mud weights, changes in reservoir performance during depletion, and production-induced faulting and subsidence. The book establishes the basic principles involved before introducing practical measurement and experimental techniques to improve recovery and reduce exploitation costs. It illustrates their successful application through case studies taken from oil and gas fields around the world. This book is a practical reference for geoscientists and engineers in the petroleum and geothermal industries, and for research scientists interested in stress measurements and their application to problems of faulting and fluid flow in the crust.
Book Synopsis Volcanotectonics by : Agust Gudmundsson
Download or read book Volcanotectonics written by Agust Gudmundsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains and illustrates volcanic structures, products and processes, with worked examples and exercises, for students and professionals.
Book Synopsis Reservoir Induced Earthquakes by : H.K. Gupta
Download or read book Reservoir Induced Earthquakes written by H.K. Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-03-09 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first Dams and Earthquakes in 1976, the phenomenon of reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) is more widely understood. There are now over 70 known cases of reservoir-induced earthquakes. These damaging earthquakes have occurred in China, Kariba, Zambia, Greece, Kremasta, Koyna, India, California and elsewhere. The December 10, 1967 Koyna earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.3 claimed over 200 lives, injured 1500 and rendered thousands homeless. Because of the ever increasing demand for dam construction, for power generation, irrigation, and flood control, it is necessary to understand how, where and why induced earthquakes occur. Recent research has demonstrated that when suitable physical measurements of rock properties are made, a fairly accurate model of induced seismicity can be obtained. It appears possible to mitigate the hazard of RIS through manipulation of reservoir levels. The present volume is an updated and revised follow-up to the 1976 book. It presents an overview of the world-wide distribution of RIS, the salient aspects of RIS at specific reservior sites where earthquakes of M⟩5 have occurred and where new results on RIS are reported, and how they differ from the normal earthquake sequences. An examination of the non-occurrence of induced earthquakes in the vicinity of the Himalyan reservoirs and other related topics such as: the size of the largest induced earthquake that could occur at a given reservoir site; prediction of induced earthquakes; and dam site investigations which should be completed during the planning and operation of the reservoirs are also included.
Book Synopsis Rock Quality, Seismic Velocity, Attenuation and Anisotropy by : Nick Barton
Download or read book Rock Quality, Seismic Velocity, Attenuation and Anisotropy written by Nick Barton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-03 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic measurements take many forms, and appear to have a universal role in the Earth Sciences. They are the means for most easily and economically interpreting what lies beneath the visible surface. There are huge economic rewards and losses to be made when interpreting the shallow crust or subsurface more, or less accurately, as the case may be.
Book Synopsis Role of Fluid Pressure in Mechanics of Overthrust Faulting by : Marion King Hubbert
Download or read book Role of Fluid Pressure in Mechanics of Overthrust Faulting written by Marion King Hubbert and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical Soil Dynamics by : Milutin Srbulov
Download or read book Practical Soil Dynamics written by Milutin Srbulov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to fill some of the gaps in the existing engineering codes and standards related to soil dynamics, concerning issues in earthquake engineering and ground vibrations, by using formulas and hand calculators. The usefulness and accuracy of the simple analyses are demonstrated by their implementation to the case histories available in the literature. Ideally, the users of the volume will be able to comment on the analyses as well as provide more case histories of simple considerations by publishing their results in a number of international journals and conferences. The ultimate aim is to extend the existing codes and standards by adding new widely accepted analyses in engineering practice. The following topics have been considered in this volume: • main ground motion sources and properties • typical ground motions, recording, ground investigations and testing • soil properties used in simple analyses • fast sliding in non-liquefied soil • flow of liquefied sandy soil • massive retaining walls • slender retaining walls • shallow foundations • piled foundations • tunnels, vertical shafts and pipelines • ground vibration caused by industry. Audience: This book is of interest to geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists, earthquake engineers and students
Book Synopsis The Magnetotelluric Method by : Alan D. Chave
Download or read book The Magnetotelluric Method written by Alan D. Chave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnetotelluric method is a technique for imaging the electrical conductivity and structure of the Earth, from the near surface down to the 410 km transition zone and beyond. This book forms the first comprehensive overview of magnetotellurics, from the salient physics and its mathematical representation to practical implementation in the field, data processing, modeling and geological interpretation. Electromagnetic induction in 1-D, 2-D and 3-D media is explored, building from first principles, and with thorough coverage of the practical techniques of time series processing, distortion, numerical modeling and inversion. The fundamental principles are illustrated with a series of case histories describing geological applications. Technical issues, instrumentation and field practices are described for both land and marine surveys. This book provides a rigorous introduction to magnetotellurics for academic researchers and advanced students, and will be of interest to industrial practitioners and geoscientists wanting to incorporate rock conductivity into their interpretations.
