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Genomic Characterisation And Polymorphism Analysis Of Candidate Genes For Milk Production Traits And Association Studies In Three Cattle Breeds
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Book Synopsis Genomic Characterisation and Polymorphism Analysis of Candidate Genes for Milk Production Traits and Association Studies in Three Cattle Breeds by : Franz Reinhold Seefried
Download or read book Genomic Characterisation and Polymorphism Analysis of Candidate Genes for Milk Production Traits and Association Studies in Three Cattle Breeds written by Franz Reinhold Seefried and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genomic Characterisation and Polymorphism Analysis of Candidate Genes for Milk Production Traits and Association Studies in Three Cattle Breeds by :
Download or read book Genomic Characterisation and Polymorphism Analysis of Candidate Genes for Milk Production Traits and Association Studies in Three Cattle Breeds written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, various mapping experiments resulted in the detection of several markers affecting milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6. The aim of this study was to identify causative polymorphisms of milk traits using a multiple breed approach. Six selected candidate genes on chromosome 6 in cattle were characterised and screened for polymorphisms. Following this, 50 polymorphisms were genotyped in sires of German Brown, Fleckvieh and German Holstein for investigation in association studies with milk production traits. In particular, associated polymorphisms were obtained for fat- and protein yield. However, since polymorphisms were associated depending on breed, gene and trait under consideration, the causality of associated polymorphisms could not be confirmed.
Book Synopsis Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle by : Stacy D. Leonard
Download or read book Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Stacy D. Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cattle Breeds written by Marleen Felius and published by . This book was released on 2007-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 1,000 cattle breeds from around the globe are cataloged in this monumental bovine reference. Each breed, including species found only in prehistory, is provided with a detailed physical description and a watercolor drawn to scale. Cattle are also classified into groups and subgroups according to geographical distribution, historical background, and physical features. Charts indicating breed lineage and records of crossbreeding, maps clearly depicting the location and distribution of authentic and derived breeds, and additional color photographs all round out this unprecedented resource.
Book Synopsis Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources by : Stéphane Joost
Download or read book Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources written by Stéphane Joost and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus contributing considerably to our economic and cultural development. Depending on the species, domestication took place in different areas and periods. After domestication, livestock spread over all inhabited regions of the earth, accompanying human migrations and becoming also trade objects. This required an adaptation to different climates and varying styles of husbandry and resulted in an enormous phenotypic diversity. Approximately 200 years ago, the situation started to change with the rise of the concept of breed. Animals were selected for the same visible characteristics, and crossing with different phenotypes was reduced. This resulted in the formation of different breeds, mostly genetically isolated from other populations. A few decades ago, selection pressure was increased again with intensive production focusing on a limited range of types and a subsequent loss of genetic diversity. For short-term economic reasons, farmers have abandoned traditional breeds. As a consequence, during the 20th century, at least 28% of farm animal breeds became extinct, rare or endangered. The situation is alarming in developing countries, where native breeds adapted to local environments and diseases are being replaced by industrial breeds. In the most marginal areas, farm animals are considered to be essential for viable land use and, in the developing world, a major pathway out of poverty. Historic documentation from the period before the breed formation is scarce. Thus, reconstruction of the history of livestock populations depends on archaeological, archeo-zoological and DNA analysis of extant populations. Scientific research into genetic diversity takes advantage of the rapid advances in molecular genetics. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA profiling and Y-chromosomes have revealed details on the process of domestication, on the diversity retained by breeds and on relationships between breeds. However, we only see a small part of the genetic information and the advent of new technologies is most timely in order to answer many essential questions. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is about to be available for all major farm animal species. The recent development of sequencing techniques calls for new methods of data management and analysis and for new ideas for the extraction of information. To make sense of this information in practical conditions, integration of geo-environmental and socio-economic data are key elements. The study and management of farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) is indeed a major multidisciplinary issue. The goal of the present Research Topic was to collect contributions of high scientific quality relevant to biodiversity management, and applying new methods to either new genomic and bioinformatics approaches for characterization of FAnGR, to the development of FAnGR conservation methods applied ex-situ and in-situ, to socio-economic aspects of FAnGR conservation, to transfer of lessons between wildlife and livestock biodiversity conservation, and to the contribution of FAnGR to a transition in agriculture (FAnGR and agro-ecology).
Book Synopsis Genome-wide Interaction Analyses of Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle by :
Download or read book Genome-wide Interaction Analyses of Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is substantial evidence that the genetic background of milk production traits changes during lactation. It is known that the genetic variances for several milk production traits change during lactation and genetic correlations between milk production traits at different lactation stages differ from unity. In addition, for the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A polymorphism it has been shown that its effects on milk production traits are not constant during lactation. However, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for milk production traits do not account for changes in genetic effects during lactation. Therefore, these GWAS might miss QTL whose effects change during lactation. The objective of this thesis was to scan the whole genome for QTL whose effects on milk production traits change during lactation. First, 4 different GWAS approaches were performed to detect QTL with changing effects on protein content during lactation including an alternative approach; GWAS for genotype by lactation stage interaction. Results showed that the GWAS for genotype by lactation stage interaction identified significant regions that were not detected in GWAS assuming constant SNP effects during lactation. The GWAS for genotype by lactation stage interaction were performed for 7 other milk production traits. In total 7 genomic regions whose effects change during lactation exhibited significant genotype by lactation stage interaction effects. Therefore, GWAS for genotype by lactation stage interaction offered new possibilities to unravel the changes in genetic background of milk production traits. Changes in genetic effects in early lactation might be related to negative energy balance. Effects of pregnancy might cause changes in late lactation. Possible effects of pregnancy were further investigated by studying genotype by pregnancy interaction. Interestingly, the effects of pregnancy on milk production traits differed for DGAT1 genotypes. Finally, GWAS for genotype by season interaction were performed and identified major interaction signals on chromosomes 3 and 14 (DGAT1).
Book Synopsis Lactation Genomics and Phenomics in Farm Animals: Where are we at? by : Xiao-Lin Wu
Download or read book Lactation Genomics and Phenomics in Farm Animals: Where are we at? written by Xiao-Lin Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction by : Cedric Gondro
Download or read book Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction written by Cedric Gondro and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the detailed genomic information that is now becoming available, we have a plethora of data that allows researchers to address questions in a variety of areas. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a vital approach to identify candidate regions associated with complex diseases in human medicine, production traits in agriculture, and variation in wild populations. Genomic prediction goes a step further, attempting to predict phenotypic variation in these traits from genomic information. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction pulls together expert contributions to address this important area of study. The volume begins with a section covering the phenotypes of interest as well as design issues for GWAS, then moves on to discuss efficient computational methods to store and handle large datasets, quality control measures, phasing, haplotype inference, and imputation. Later chapters deal with statistical approaches to data analysis where the experimental objective is either to confirm the biology by identifying genomic regions associated to a trait or to use the data to make genomic predictions about a future phenotypic outcome (e.g. predict onset of disease). As part of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters provide helpful, real-world implementation advice.
Book Synopsis The Genetics of Cattle, 2nd Edition by : Dorian Garrick
Download or read book The Genetics of Cattle, 2nd Edition written by Dorian Garrick and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the time of domestication more than 10,000 years ago, cattle have played an increasingly crucial role in the development of human civilizations. Progress has been quite remarkable since the turn of the century; the sequencing of the bovine genome in 2009 launched new avenues for furthering our understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of cattle genetics. Covering a vast array of questions, this book reviews major topics from molecular and developmental genetics, disease resistance and immunogenetics to genetic improvement of dairy and beef breeds, addressing all current problems in the field. This second edition includes a new team of authors and completely new chapters on the genetics of fat production, nutrition, feed intake and efficiency, growth and body composition. Fully updated throughout, it provides a valuable resource on cattle genetics for researchers, breeders, veterinarians and postgraduate students.
Book Synopsis Multi-breed Identification of Loci Associated with Fertility Traits in Heifers and Cows by : Kayleen Farron Oliver
Download or read book Multi-breed Identification of Loci Associated with Fertility Traits in Heifers and Cows written by Kayleen Farron Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To improve the ability of cattle to conceive and maintain a full-term pregnancy, two studies were undertaken. The objectives of the first study were to identify loci and gene-sets in crossbred beef heifers associated with conception at the first service (HCR1) or multiple services (TBRD). Heifers (n = 709) from a commercial beef operation underwent one round of artificial insemination, before exposure to bulls for natural service for 50 days. Pregnancy and time of conception were determined by ultrasound 35 days after the conclusion of the breeding season so that 300 heifers could be selected for genotyping with 43,984 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) identified one locus as associated (P = 8.97 × 10-6) with TBRD on BTA19. A gene-set enrichment analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (GSEA-SNP) identified one gene-set as enriched (NES = 3.15) with TBRD. The objectives of the second study were to identify loci, positional candidate genes, gene-sets, and pathways associated with spontaneous abortion (SA) in Holstein heifers and primiparous cows and compare these results with previous human SA studies to determine the suitability of cattle as a human SA model. Cattle were selected for genotyping after pregnancy was determined at gestation day 35 and calving dates were recorded. A GWAA, GSEA-SNP and an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis compared 43,984 genotypes of 499 heifers and 498 cows that calved at full-term to 62 heifers and 28 cows experiencing SA. Twenty-three loci and 21 positional candidate genes were associated (P 1 × 10-5) with SA and eight gene-sets (NES 3.0) were enriched for SA. Of the genes and gene sets associated with fertility in cattle, one positional candidate gene and two gene-set had also previously been associated with human SA. These studies identified loci, genes, and gene-sets associated with fertility and provide support for using cattle as a potential model for fertility traits such as SA in humans.
Book Synopsis Functional and Genetic Characterisation of Major Effect Milk Composition Variants in Dairy Cattle by : Tania Alice Fink
Download or read book Functional and Genetic Characterisation of Major Effect Milk Composition Variants in Dairy Cattle written by Tania Alice Fink and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine milk production and composition traits are complex quantitative phenotypes, reflecting the interplay of many environmental and genetic factors influencing mammary and lactation biology. Despite a largely quantitative architecture, genetic mapping studies have identified a handful of major effect loci in dairy cattle, each containing a large number of trait-associated sequence variants. Identifying the specific variant causally responsible at these genetic signals requires extensive experimental follow-up, where many of the genomic regions implicate present no obvious candidate mutations. The association signal is instead represented by many non-coding variants that are difficult to functionally prioritise. The aim of the research described in this thesis was to investigate four such loci segregating in NZ dairy cattle, aiming to mechanistically link causative genes and variants to the milk production and composition effects. The results of this thesis describe the identification of expression quantitative trait loci at each of the four major associated regions, providing evidence that the variants responsible exert their phenotypic influence through the modulation of mammary gene expression. Further genetic and functional experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which the implicated variants impact gene expression. Highlights of this work include the demonstration of a new mechanism of effect for the largest and most highly cited causal mutation in the bovine literature. This work also reports the discovery of major milk production effects for a mutation previously only implicated in bovine growth and stature. This thesis also reports the development and optimisation of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing as a method for testing the function of regulatory variants directly. By presenting an efficient in vitro engineering approach in mammary cells, the work creates a framework to genetically isolate candidate variants, creating opportunities to study the major effect variants reported in this thesis, and investigate other as yet undefined milk composition loci. Taken together, the work presented in this thesis provides enhanced understanding of the mechanisms linking major effect genetic variants to bovine milk production and composition, and raises the profile of these and other variants as markers to incorporate in animal selection and breeding strategies.
Book Synopsis Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Breeding Values by : R. A. Mrode
Download or read book Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Breeding Values written by R. A. Mrode and published by Cab International. This book was released on 2014 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prediction of producing desirable traits in offspring such as increased growth rate or superior meat, milk and wool production is a vital economic tool to the animal scientist. Summarizing the latest developments in genomics relating to animal breeding values and design of breeding programs, this new edition includes models of survival analysis, social interaction and sire and dam models, as well as advancements in the use of SNPs in the computation of genomic breeding values.
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Daily Milk Yield Variability in Holstein Dairy Cattle by : Victoria Moncur
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Daily Milk Yield Variability in Holstein Dairy Cattle written by Victoria Moncur and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increased availability of daily milk yield measurements, data exists for analyses of additional traits that could be related to health and fertility. The objective of this thesis was to determine if day-to-day variation in milk yield is heritable, how it is correlated with daily milk yield (dMY), and how it is correlated with commonly measured production, health, and fertility traits. 789,266 dMY records were retrieved from 5 to 305 days in milk (DIM) for 2,366 lactations among 1,184 Holsteins. dMY was merged with the previous days milk yield (pMY) to derive the absolute value of dMY - pMY (ABS), and relative change in milk yield (REL), which was ABS/pMY. The average REL, ABS and dMY for four lactation segments were calculated and included in a series of single-step genomic evaluations in ASReml. Three-trait models with lactation segments of 5 to 50 DIM, 51 to 100 DIM, and 101 to 200 DIM were fit separately for dMY, ABS, and REL; this was followed by a series of two-trait models of DIM 5 to 200 with one of 5 to 50 DIM, 51 to 100 DIM, or 101 to 200 DIM for dMY, ABS, and REL. Finally, a three-trait model of dMY, ABS, and REL from 5 to 200 DIM was fit. The fixed effects included lactation group (lactations 1, 2, 3), age at calving, and year-season of calving while the random effects included the genomic relationship effect, permanent environment, and residual error. The genomic relationship matrix was generated with PREGSF90 and included 7007 animals of which 516 had 40K SNP genotypes and phenotypic records. Genomic estimated breeding values (gEBV) for dMY, ABS, and REL from 642 cows with genotypes were merged with their official genomic predicted transmitting abilities (gPTA) for several traits from Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding national genetic evaluations. All traits were heritable across all segments with dMY generally having the highest heritability (23% for 5 to 200 DIM) and REL having the lowest (16% for 5 to 200 DIM). Genetic correlations within trait indicated that variable milk yield in early lactation was strongly correlated with variable day-to-day yield for the remainder of lactation. Variation defined as ABS was strongly correlated with both dMY (0.73 from 5 to 200 DIM) and REL (0.62 from 5 to 200 DIM), where dMY and REL were independent (-0.08 from 5 to 200 DIM). Higher gEBV for dMY, ABS, or REL was unfavorably correlated with gPTA for health and fertility traits such as daughter pregnancy rate or somatic cell score. In conclusion, daily milk yield variability was heritable, and REL was more independent of milk yield than ABS. Milk yield variability was also associated with unfavorable health and fertility outcomes. Genome wide association analysis suggests that milk yield variability is largely polygenic but with some influence from major genes.
Download or read book Milk from Grass written by C. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding, 2 Volume Pack by : Valerie Porter
Download or read book Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding, 2 Volume Pack written by Valerie Porter and published by CABI. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding describes breeds of livestock worldwide as well as a range of breed-related subjects such as husbandry, health and behaviour. This definitive and prestigious reference work presents easily accessible information on domestication (including wild ancestors and related species), genetics and breeding, livestock produce and markets, as well as breed conservation and the cultural and social aspects of livestock farming. Written by renowned livestock authorities, these volumes draw on the authors' lifelong interest and involvement in livestock breeds of the world, presenting a unique, comprehensive and fully cross-referenced guide to cattle, buffalo, horses, pigs, sheep, asses, goats, camelids, yak and other domesticants.
Book Synopsis Blood Group Polymorphisms and Production and Type Traits in Dairy Cattle by : Joao Luis Lopes da Costa Rocha
Download or read book Blood Group Polymorphisms and Production and Type Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Joao Luis Lopes da Costa Rocha and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animal Genomics by : Bhanu P. Chowdhary
Download or read book Animal Genomics written by Bhanu P. Chowdhary and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides an update on the current status of gene maps in different livestock and pet/companion animal species. The findings summarized in species specific commentaries and original articles testify the rapid advances made in the field of animal genomics. Of significant interest is the fact that current investigations are providing headways for two important and exciting research fronts: targeted high-resolution mapping leading to the application of genomic information in addressing questions of economic and biological significance in animals, and the initiation of whole genome sequencing projects for some of the animal species. Like in humans and mice, this will set the stage for a new level of research and real time complex analysis of the genomes of these species. Animal Genomics signifies the beginning of a new era in this field and celebrates the achievements of the past 20 years of genomics research. It will be of special interest to researchers involved in genome analysis - both gross chromosomal as well as molecular - in various animal species, and to comparative and evolutionary geneticists.
