Genome Editing And Biological Weapons

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Genome Editing and Biological Weapons

Author : Katherine Paris
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031218205
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Genome Editing and Biological Weapons by : Katherine Paris

Download or read book Genome Editing and Biological Weapons written by Katherine Paris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph introduces current genome editing technologies—clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)—and provides an assessment of the risk of misuse of these technologies based on the following parameters: accessibility, ease of misuse, magnitude of potential harm, and imminence of potential misuse. The findings from this assessment are applied to analyze and evaluate the threat posed by the intentional misuse of genome editing technologies to develop biological weapons. Furthermore, the book discusses the implications of misuse for different applications of genome editing, such as making existing pathogens more dangerous, modifying the human microbiome, weaponizing gene drives, engineering super soldiers, and augmenting the general population to confer economic advantages. Technologies that enable genome editing with programmable nucleases—including CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN—allow for the precise genetic modification of organisms and cultured cells. While these technologies are used for a variety of beneficial applications, intelligence and defense experts have raised concerns that genome editing technologies, especially CRISPR, could be misused to develop new and improved biological weapons. Furthermore, experts worry that the number and type of actors who could potentially misuse genome editing is dramatically increasing given the democratization of biology, which is allowing biology to become more accessible to everyone including nonexperts. The book provides a comprehensive assessment of how feasible it is for users with different levels of knowledge and skill to acquire and then to apply the technologies to develop a biological weapon. It also provides an assessment of governability and a tailored set of recommendations that address security concerns. These recommendations are sensitive to the cost-benefit trade-off of regulating genome editing technologies. The book targets researchers as well as intelligence analysts, defense and security personnel, and policymakers.

Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309465184
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology

Author : Benjamin D. Trump
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 940242086X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology by : Benjamin D. Trump

Download or read book Emerging Threats of Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology written by Benjamin D. Trump and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic biology is a field of biotechnology that is rapidly growing in various applications, such as in medicine, environmental sustainability, and energy production. However these technologies also have unforeseen risks and applications to humans and the environment. This open access book presents discussions on risks and mitigation strategies for these technologies including biosecurity, or the potential of synthetic biology technologies and processes to be deliberately misused for nefarious purposes. The book presents strategies to prevent, mitigate, and recover from 'dual-use concern' biosecurity challenges that may be raised by individuals, rogue states, or non-state actors. Several key topics are explored including opportunities to develop more coherent and scalable approaches to govern biosecurity from a laboratory perspective up to the international scale and strategies to prevent potential health and environmental hazards posed by deliberate misuse of synthetic biology without stifling innovation. The book brings together the expertise of top scholars in synthetic biology and biotechnology risk assessment, management, and communication to discuss potential biosecurity governing strategies and offer perspectives for collaboration in oversight and future regulatory guidance.

Defense Against Biological Attacks

Author : Sunit K. Singh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030030539
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Defense Against Biological Attacks by : Sunit K. Singh

Download or read book Defense Against Biological Attacks written by Sunit K. Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume of a two-volume set describes general aspects, such as the historical view on the topic, the role of information distribution and preparedness of health-care systems and preparedness in emergency cases. Part two describes and discusseses in detail the pathogens and toxins that are potentially used for biological attacks. As such, the book is a valuable resource for faculties engaged in molecular biology, genetic engineering, neurology, biodefense, biosafety & biosecurity, virology, and infectious disease programs, as well as professional medical research organizations.

Essentials of Biological Security

Author : Lijun Shang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 139418901X
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Biological Security by : Lijun Shang

Download or read book Essentials of Biological Security written by Lijun Shang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a fundamental resource for life and associated scientists to raise awareness and understanding of biological security with regards to malign manipulation of scientific findings. The book is written by experts who have been engaged in biological security issues for decades, but in a systematically organized manner so that it is accessible to the wide range of different life and associated specialists who are creating the revolution in the sciences and technologies converging around the life sciences and thus radically changing our capabilities for the manipulation of living organisms for good purposes, but also opening up many more dangerous opportunities for malign manipulation in what has been termed dual-use applications such as novel biological and toxin weapons.

The Promise and Peril of CRISPR

Author : Neal Baer
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421449315
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Promise and Peril of CRISPR by : Neal Baer

Download or read book The Promise and Peril of CRISPR written by Neal Baer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2024-07-02 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely collection of essays on the pressing possibilities and risks of gene-editing technology. Scientists and genetic engineers are becoming increasingly adept at editing the human genome. How far can—and should—they go in editing future generations? In The Promise and Peril of CRISPR, editor Neal Baer brings together a timely collection of essays by influential bioethicists, philosophers, and geneticists to explore the moral, ethical, and policy challenges posed by CRISPR technology. We are at a technological and ethical crossroads in grappling with the impacts of genetic editing. Gene-editing technology holds the promise of curing more than 7,000 known genetic diseases. Yet with that promise comes the peril of using CRISPR to edit the human genome, which could not only lead to manipulating human evolution, but also to creating and releasing pathogens capable of wreaking havoc on human, animal, and plant life. Although CRISPR has already cured several genetic diseases, it could also be used to design biological weapons or to edit the embryos of people who can afford to purchase genetic "enhancements" for their children. What role can and should the public play in discussing the far-reaching implications of gene editing? What oversights should be put in place to prevent a rogue scientist from engineering another baby – as was recently done with twins in China? Essay contributors offer informed predictions and guidelines for how the uses of CRISPR today will affect life in the future. Decisions we make now may have unpredictable consequences for future generations. For anyone concerned about the uses and potential abuses of gene editing, these essays provide a critical and comprehensive discussion of the central issues surrounding CRISPR technology. Contributors: Florence Ashley, R. Alta Charo, Marcy Darnovsky, Kevin Doxzen, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Jodi Halpern, Katie Hasson, Andrew C. Heinrich, Jacqueline Humphries, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Ellen D. Jorgensen, Peter F. R. Mills, Carol Padden, Marcus Schultz-Bergin, Robert Sparrow, Sandra Sufian, Krystal Tsosie, Ethan Weiss, Rachel M. West

Applications of Genomics and Proteomics for Analysis of Bacterial Biological Warfare Agents

Author : Vito G. DelVecchio
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586033439
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Genomics and Proteomics for Analysis of Bacterial Biological Warfare Agents by : Vito G. DelVecchio

Download or read book Applications of Genomics and Proteomics for Analysis of Bacterial Biological Warfare Agents written by Vito G. DelVecchio and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Heritable Human Genome Editing

Author : The Royal Society
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309671132
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society

Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

The Biology of Doom

Author : Ed Regis
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780805057652
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (576 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Doom by : Ed Regis

Download or read book The Biology of Doom written by Ed Regis and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2000-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From anthrax to botulism, from smallpox to Ebola, the threat of biological destruction is rapidly overtaking our collective fear of atomic weaponry. This riveting narrative traces America's own covert biological weapons program from its origins in World War II to its abrupt cancellation in 1969. In light of America's increasing surveillance and condemnation of foreign biological weapons programs, this expos of America's own dangerous Cold War secret is both fascinating and shocking. The project, at its peak, employed 5,000 people and tested pathogens on 2,000 live human volunteers; conducted open-air tests on American soil; sprayed our cities with bacterial aerosols; and stockpiled millions of bacterial bombs for instant deployment. Yet, surprisingly, almost nothing has been published about this project until now. This is the first book to expose the true story of America's secret program to create biological weapons of mass destruction.

The Conversation on Biotechnology

Author : Marc Zimmer
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421446146
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Conversation on Biotechnology by : Marc Zimmer

Download or read book The Conversation on Biotechnology written by Marc Zimmer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Written specifically for readers with little to no knowledge of the field, the articles within this collection cover everything from a basic overview of CRISPR technology and gene editing in GMOs to the ethical questions surrounding "designer babies" and other applications of biotechnology in humans"--

Ethics Dumping

Author : Doris Schroeder
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319647318
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics Dumping by : Doris Schroeder

Download or read book Ethics Dumping written by Doris Schroeder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides original, up-to-date case studies of “ethics dumping” that were largely facilitated by loopholes in the ethics governance of low and middle-income countries. It is instructive even to experienced researchers since it provides a voice to vulnerable populations from the fore mentioned countries. Ensuring the ethical conduct of North-South collaborations in research is a process fraught with difficulties. The background conditions under which such collaborations take place include extreme differentials in available income and power, as well as a past history of colonialism, while differences in culture can add a new layer of complications. In this context, up-to-date case studies of unethical conduct are essential for research ethics training.

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program

Author : Milton Leitenberg
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674065263
Total Pages : 956 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Soviet Biological Weapons Program by : Milton Leitenberg

Download or read book The Soviet Biological Weapons Program written by Milton Leitenberg and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first attempt to understand the full scope of the USSR’s offensive biological weapons research, from inception in the 1920s. Gorbachev tried to end the program, but the U.S. and U.K. never obtained clear evidence that he succeeded, raising the question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be present in Russia today.

Biological Weapons

Author : DR. U C Jha
Publisher : Vij Books India Pvt Ltd
ISBN 13 : 8194697468
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Weapons by : DR. U C Jha

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by DR. U C Jha and published by Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of biological weapons has been worrying about the armed forces, as well as political leaders for quite some time. With the global recorded deaths from COVID-19 surpassing one million, the biotechnological revolution has heightened the fear of future weaponized pathogens. The COVID-19 virus or its variant could be the most effective weapon for future biological warfare. The indiscriminate effect of such a weapon and its power to cripple economies and devastate the lives of people may make it attractive to rogue States and non-State actors. This book provides an updated analysis of biological warfare agents, including the COVID-19 virus, biotechnological developments affecting biological agents, and the legal regime responsible for preventing the use of biological weapons.

The Gene

Author : Siddhartha Mukherjee
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476733538
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gene by : Siddhartha Mukherjee

Download or read book The Gene written by Siddhartha Mukherjee and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 NEW YORK TIMES Bestseller The basis for the PBS Ken Burns Documentary The Gene: An Intimate History Now includes an excerpt from Siddhartha Mukherjee’s new book Song of the Cell! From the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Emperor of All Maladies—a fascinating history of the gene and “a magisterial account of how human minds have laboriously, ingeniously picked apart what makes us tick” (Elle). “Sid Mukherjee has the uncanny ability to bring together science, history, and the future in a way that is understandable and riveting, guiding us through both time and the mystery of life itself.” —Ken Burns “Dr. Siddhartha Mukherjee dazzled readers with his Pulitzer Prize-winning The Emperor of All Maladies in 2010. That achievement was evidently just a warm-up for his virtuoso performance in The Gene: An Intimate History, in which he braids science, history, and memoir into an epic with all the range and biblical thunder of Paradise Lost” (The New York Times). In this biography Mukherjee brings to life the quest to understand human heredity and its surprising influence on our lives, personalities, identities, fates, and choices. “Mukherjee expresses abstract intellectual ideas through emotional stories…[and] swaddles his medical rigor with rhapsodic tenderness, surprising vulnerability, and occasional flashes of pure poetry” (The Washington Post). Throughout, the story of Mukherjee’s own family—with its tragic and bewildering history of mental illness—reminds us of the questions that hang over our ability to translate the science of genetics from the laboratory to the real world. In riveting and dramatic prose, he describes the centuries of research and experimentation—from Aristotle and Pythagoras to Mendel and Darwin, from Boveri and Morgan to Crick, Watson and Franklin, all the way through the revolutionary twenty-first century innovators who mapped the human genome. “A fascinating and often sobering history of how humans came to understand the roles of genes in making us who we are—and what our manipulation of those genes might mean for our future” (Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel), The Gene is the revelatory and magisterial history of a scientific idea coming to life, the most crucial science of our time, intimately explained by a master. “The Gene is a book we all should read” (USA TODAY).

Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity

Author : British Medical Association
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789057024597
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity by : British Medical Association

Download or read book Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity written by British Medical Association and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-18 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity traces the historical development of biological weapons and considers the role of health care professionals, scientists, governments, and international agencies in limiting and managing the effects of new biological weapons. In particular, the strengths and weaknesses of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention are examined, and steps that can be taken to minimize the risk of the proliferation of weapons. This report considers whether new biological weapons, made possible by the mapping of the human genome, could be incorporated into the arsenals of states and terrorist organizations. How might the revolution in biotechnology be used to attack the genetic constitution of a national or ethnic group, or enhance the virulence of organizations hostile to human health?

Bio-Imperialism

Author : Gwen Shuni D'Arcangelis
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978815166
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis Bio-Imperialism by : Gwen Shuni D'Arcangelis

Download or read book Bio-Imperialism written by Gwen Shuni D'Arcangelis and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-Imperialism focuses on an understudied dimension of the war on terror: the fight against bioterrorism. This component of the war enlisted the biosciences and public health fields to build up the U.S. biodefense industry and U.S. global disease control. The book argues that U.S. imperial ambitions drove these shifts in focus, aided by gendered and racialized discourses on terrorism, disease, and science. These narratives helped rationalize American research expansion into dangerous germs and bioweapons in the name of biodefense and bolstered the U.S. rationale for increased interference in the disease control decisions of Global South nations. Bio-Imperialism is a sobering look at how the war on terror impacted the world in ways that we are only just starting to grapple with.

The Ethics of Genetic Engineering

Author : Roberta M. Berry
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135195919
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ethics of Genetic Engineering by : Roberta M. Berry

Download or read book The Ethics of Genetic Engineering written by Roberta M. Berry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human genetic engineering may soon be possible. The gathering debate about this prospect already threatens to become mired in irresolvable disagreement. After surveying the scientific and technological developments that have brought us to this pass, The Ethics of Genetic Engineering focuses on the ethical and policy debate, noting the deep divide that separates proponents and opponents. The book locates the source of this divide in differing framing assumptions: reductionist pluralist on one side, holist communitarian on the other. The book argues that we must bridge this divide, drawing on the resources from both encampments, if we are to understand and cope with the distinctive problems posed by genetic engineering. These problems, termed "fractious problems," are novel, complex, ethically fraught, unavoidably of public concern, and unavoidably divisive. Berry examines three prominent ethical and political theories – utilitarianism, Kantianism, and virtue ethics – to consider their competency in bridging the divide and addressing these fractious problems. The book concludes that virtue ethics can best guide parental decision making and that a new policymaking approach sketched here, a "navigational approach," can best guide policymaking. These approaches enable us to gain a rich understanding of the problems posed and to craft resolutions adequate to their challenges.