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Genetic Differentiation Of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta In Alaska Influenced By Glacial History
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Book Synopsis Genetic Differentiation of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Alaska Influenced by Glacial History by : Eleni L. Petrou
Download or read book Genetic Differentiation of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Alaska Influenced by Glacial History written by Eleni L. Petrou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major goal of fisheries management is to ensure the sustainable harvest of wild populations so that productivity is stable over time. Information on population structure is necessary for effective fishery management because it helps describe the appropriate spatial scale for management units, and can identify populations that are small or isolated and need protection from overharvest. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a species targeted by both commercial and subsistence fisheries. Estimating fine-scale population structure of chum salmon in Alaska is of increasing concern because of fluctuating census sizes, and the uncertain effects of bycatch on specific populations. In this study we examined the genetic structure of 66 chum salmon populations spawning in waterways on the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island. This area was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet 25,000 years before present, and spawning habitats were unavailable for salmon at this time. Thus, colonization of the region by salmon occurred relatively recently. We found that chum salmon populations on the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island contain considerable genetic diversity for the species. Patterns of differentiation appear to be influenced by the geographic distance separating populations, glacial history of the region, and time since colonization. The fine-scale genetic data that we have assembled will be useful to fisheries managers as they continue to evaluate the impacts of bycatch and monitor the long-term productivity of chum salmon populations.
Book Synopsis Genetic Variation in Alaskan Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta by : Bob Davis
Download or read book Genetic Variation in Alaskan Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta written by Bob Davis and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Population Genetics and Mixed Stock Analysis of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) with Molecular Genetics by : Michael R. Garvin
Download or read book Population Genetics and Mixed Stock Analysis of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) with Molecular Genetics written by Michael R. Garvin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are important for subsistence and commercial harvest in Alaska. Variability of returns to western Alaskan drainages that caused economic hardship for stakeholders has led to speculation about reasons, which may include both anthropogenic and environmental causes in the marine environment. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) compares genetic information from an individual caught at sea to a reference baseline of genotypes to assign it to its population of origin. Application of genetic baselines requires several complex steps that can introduce bias. The bias may reduce the accuracy of MSA and result in overly-optimistic evaluations of baselines. Moreover, some applications that minimize bias cannot use informative haploid mitochondria) variation. Costs of baseline development are species-specific and difficult to predict. Finally, because populations of western Alaskan chum salmon demonstrate weak genetic divergence, samples from mixtures cannot be accurately assigned to a population of origin. The chapters of this thesis address three challenges. The first chapter describes technical aspects of genetic marker development. The second chapter describes a method to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a genetic baseline that accepts any type of data and reduces bias that may have been introduced during baseline development. This chapter also includes a method that places a cost on baseline development by predicting the number of markers needed to achieve a given accuracy. The final chapter explores the reasons for the weak genetic structure of western Alaskan chum salmon populations. The results of those analyses and both geological and archaeological data suggest that recent environmental and geological processes may be involved. The methods and analyses in this thesis can be applied to any species and may be particularly useful for other western Alaskan species.
Book Synopsis Synopsis of Biological Data on the Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta (Walbaum) 1792 by : Richard G. Bakkala
Download or read book Synopsis of Biological Data on the Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta (Walbaum) 1792 written by Richard G. Bakkala and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Straying, Stress, and Potential for Reproductive Interactions Between Hatchery-produced and Wild Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Southeast Alaska by : Casey John McConnell
Download or read book Straying, Stress, and Potential for Reproductive Interactions Between Hatchery-produced and Wild Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Southeast Alaska written by Casey John McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 1.5 billion juvenile hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are currently released each year into Alaskan waters with goals of enhancing important fisheries and minimizing detrimental impacts on wild stocks. As the abundance of hatchery-produced salmon has increased, so have concerns about hatchery-origin strays entering wild systems and interactions with wild individuals on the spawning grounds. The influx of non-native strays and their associated fitness-related traits can reduce the resilience and productivity of recipient wild stocks, and is likely to be most deleterious when disparities in population sizes and heritable phenotypic characteristics between wild and hatchery fish exist. Thus, understanding the ecological and life-history mechanisms that regulate gene flow between hatchery and wild populations is crucial for conservation and management strategies in areas where hatchery enhancement is common. Currently, the ecology of strays on the spawning grounds and proximate physiological factors associated with straying (e.g., stress) are not well known. In this thesis I examine, 1) differences and similarities in several fitness-related phenotypic traits between naturally produced (presumably wild local individuals) and stray hatchery-produced chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) that died on the spawning grounds of Sawmill Creek, a small watershed near Juneau, Alaska, and 2) physiological differences in cortisol concentrations and the frequency of crystalline (vaterite) structure of otoliths between straying and correctly homing salmon. Hatchery-strays comprised 51.4% of the adult chum salmon that returned to Sawmill Creek during the 2015 spawning season. Hatchery males and females returned approximately seven days later, were consistently smaller (10% for males, 6% for females) in length, and younger on average than their naturally-produced counterparts. Additionally, hatchery-produced females lived fewer days on the spawning grounds during the spawning season, and retained a higher proportion of their eggs than did naturally produced females. To explore the potential role of stress on straying, I compared cortisol samples and frequency of vaterite formation in otoliths among groups of hatchery-produced fish that homed to the hatchery, hatchery-produced fish that strayed to Sawmill Creek, and naturally produced chum salmon that presumably homed to Sawmill Creek. No significant differences in cortisol concentration were found among any groups, though differences between the sexes were detected. Males of all groups had significantly lower cortisol concentrations than did females. No differences in frequency of vaterite occurrence were found between hatchery-stray and hatchery-home groups, though both hatchery groups were higher than naturally produced groups, which is consistent with findings of other studies. Thermal marking while at the hatchery during early development was not associated with vaterite formation, and no difference in frequency of vaterite formation was observed among groups of varying mark intensities. Overall, these results revealed there was ample opportunity for reproductive interactions between stray hatchery-produced and naturally produced chum salmon in Sawmill Creek during the 2015 spawning season, and consistent differences in phenotypic traits suggests the potential for gene flow to alter population-level phenotypic variation. However, despite the potential for gene flow, these results also reveal potential barriers to introgression and indicate that at least some of the presumed locally adapted traits of the natural stock remain intact. It remains unknown what the characteristics of the wild stock were prior to regional hatchery production and the extent to which the traits of this population are reflections of genetic differences between the hatchery and wild groups or phenotypic plasticity. To the extent these results are generalizable, observed differences in fitness-related traits between naturally produced and stray hatchery-produced fish may underlie the reduced reproductive success often reported in the literature. There were no differences in cortisol concentrations and frequency of vaterite occurrence between hatchery chum salmon that strayed and those that homed correctly, and the frequency of vaterite occurrence of hatchery chum salmon did not change as thermal mark intensity increased, which suggests that thermal marking may not directly alter homing ability of adults or development of juveniles, at least via otolith formation. Despite not having an effect on straying, the consistent findings of higher frequency of vaterite occurrence in hatchery-produced fish compared to naturally produced counterparts highlight the need for future work to uncover the causal underlying mechanisms and implications of vaterite on survival of the 1.5 billion salmon released each year in Alaskan waters.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates by : Anthony J. Gharrett
Download or read book Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates written by Anthony J. Gharrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fisheries genetics researchers will find invaluable the thirty-eight peer-reviewed contributions in this book, presented at the 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium "Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates," held in May 2002 in Juneau, Alaska. Looming over concerns of lost fisheries stocks and persistent erosion of genetic variability are predictions of global warming, which may further tax genetic resources. One consequence is an increased reliance on genetic applications to many aspects of fisheries management, aquaculture, and conservation. The contributions in this book are important to modern fisheries science and genetics, and illustrate the evolution of the field over the past decade. The improved technology provides tools to address increasingly complicated problems in traditional applications and ecological and behavioral studies. The union between molecular and quantitative genetics, where many of the major questions about population structure and evolution remain unanswered, will also benefit from the new technologies.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Investigations of Genetic Structure of Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta, in the Noatak and Kobuk River Drainages of Northwestern Alaska by : Robert H. Davis
Download or read book Preliminary Investigations of Genetic Structure of Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta, in the Noatak and Kobuk River Drainages of Northwestern Alaska written by Robert H. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Length, Age, and Sex Ratio of Chum Salmon in the Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and Prince William Sound Areas of Alaska by : Fredrik V. Thorsteinson
Download or read book The Length, Age, and Sex Ratio of Chum Salmon in the Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and Prince William Sound Areas of Alaska written by Fredrik V. Thorsteinson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation in Abundance and Physiological Status of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Relation to Marine Factors in Southeast Alaska by : Michael L. Kohan
Download or read book Variation in Abundance and Physiological Status of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Relation to Marine Factors in Southeast Alaska written by Michael L. Kohan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the mechanisms influencing the critical early life stages of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from coastal to offshore marine waters. There is mounting evidence to suggest that fluctuations in early marine conditions affect juvenile salmon physiological status and year class strength. We investigated relationships of a suite of marine factors at local, regional, and basin scales to the physiological status and abundance of juvenile chum salmon in northern Southeast Alaska (SEAK) from 1997-2013. Correlation analyses were used to identify potential mechanisms influencing year class strength. Marine factors at the local scale were correlated to the observed physiological status of juvenile chum salmon: average June/July wind speed was negatively correlated to weight-at-length residuals, sea surface temperatures in July were positively correlated with length, and the June mixed-layer depth was positively correlated to the energy density of juvenile chum salmon in July. Marine factors at the regional scale influenced juvenile chum salmon abundance: freshwater discharge was positively correlated whereas upwelling was negatively correlated with abundance, linking high abundance to characteristics of strong Aleutian Low (AL) climatic conditions. Comparisons of juvenile chum salmon physiological status were also made between: 1) SEAK habitats (Icy Strait and the Eastern Gulf of Alaska, EGOA), 2) stock groups (hatchery and wild), and 3) years 2010 and 2011 possible mechanisms influencing productivity of chum salmon. Between habitats, length of juvenile chum salmon did not differ. However, both weight-at-length residuals and energy density values were significantly higher in the EGOA, irrespective of year, indicating juvenile salmon allocate energy to somatic growth in Icy Strait, while the EGOA may serve as a habitat for juvenile chum salmon to store energy as lipids. Between chum salmon stocks, wild stocks were shorter and had higher weight-at-length residuals than hatchery stocks. Between years, the 2010 ocean year was associated with a strong AL that coincided with higher physiological status of juvenile chum salmon and relatively higher returning adult commercial harvests and ocean survival of hatchery fish compared to the 2011 ocean year. Our results suggest differences in juvenile chum salmon physiological status in 2010 and 2011 coincided with positive and negative anomalies of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which were linked to previous winter environmental conditions, and have the potential to be used as a predictive salmon management tool to forecast year class strength in SEAK.
Book Synopsis Growth of Western Alaska and Asian Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Relationship to Climatic Factors and Inter- and Intraspecific Competition by : Beverly Ann Agler
Download or read book Growth of Western Alaska and Asian Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Relationship to Climatic Factors and Inter- and Intraspecific Competition written by Beverly Ann Agler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean climate shifts and interspecific interactions with Russian pink salmon and Asian chum salmon are all believed to influence the growth of chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. Stepwise generalized least squares regression and Mantel's tests were used to examine factors influencing mean annual growth from adult scales collected during 1962-2008. First-year scale growth was affected by warmer regional temperatures, the North Pacific Index (NPI), and reduced ice cover. Significant negative effects of Asian chum salmon abundance were found on third-year growth of five of six age 0.3 populations and three of four age 0.4 populations examined, indicating intraspecific competition. I found a negative correlation with third-year growth, North Pacific annual sea surface temperature (SST), and NPI. Effects of interspecific interactions on third-year growth due to Russian pink salmon abundance were smaller than effects of Asian chum salmon abundance and SST. Warmer large-scale SSTs associated with reduced third-year growth contradicted the original hypothesis and suggested that the abundance of Asian chum salmon created a masking effect overwhelming other factors promoting growth. Strong correlations among third-year growth suggested that chum salmon experienced similar environmental conditions in the North Pacific and had overlapping distributions. More synchronous growth was observed among populations from close rivers than distant ones, indicating the importance of regional scale versus oceanwide studies. In the first year, intercircular distance declined then rapidly increased at circuli 5-9. Intercircular distance was similar by gender until the third year when male growth exceeded female growth for all populations except Japan. Back-calculated lengths indicated that fish reach ~494 mm fork length by the third year before returning as age 0.3 adults. Smolts entering the ocean during odd years had greater distances between adjacent circuli the next year, indicating reduced growth in the first year and compensatory growth during the second and third years. Overall, these results suggested possible effects on chum salmon growth due to abundance of Asian chum salmon, and this effect led to a reduction in length of approximately 42 mm, potentially affecting fecundity by 3%. These results contribute to growing evidence of competition among conspecific salmon.
Book Synopsis Biological Characteristics and Population Status of Anadromous Salmon in Southeast Alaska by :
Download or read book Biological Characteristics and Population Status of Anadromous Salmon in Southeast Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska's Fisheries Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Marine Environment on Age and Size at Maturity, Growth, and Abundance of Chum Salmon, ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum), from Olsen Creek, Prince William Sound, Alaska by : John H. Helle
Download or read book Influence of Marine Environment on Age and Size at Maturity, Growth, and Abundance of Chum Salmon, ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum), from Olsen Creek, Prince William Sound, Alaska written by John H. Helle and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Differentiation of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) Populations in the Wood River Lakes of Bristol Bay, Alaska by : Marcia Marie Bender
Download or read book Genetic Differentiation of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) Populations in the Wood River Lakes of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by Marcia Marie Bender and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition of Chum Salmon Harvested in Commercial Salmon Fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula, 2022-2026 by : M. Birch Foster
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition of Chum Salmon Harvested in Commercial Salmon Fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula, 2022-2026 written by M. Birch Foster and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this study is to use mixed stock analysis to estimate the stock composition of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta harvested in South Alaska Peninsula Management Area (southern portion of Area M) commercial salmon fisheries during the 2022 to 2026 seasons. Relatively large harvests of chum salmon in South Alaska Peninsula fisheries in recent years corresponding with small returns of chum salmon to Western Alaska rivers has raised concerns among some stakeholders about the stock-specific harvests in South Alaska Peninsula fisheries. Salmon tagging studies published in 1926, 1964, and 1991 and subsequent genetic stock identification projects conducted in 1993-1996 and 2007-2009 demonstrated significant numbers of non-local chum salmon in the June and early July commercial fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula. Presently, some stakeholders believe that relative abundances among stocks in the fishery have changed since stock-specific chum harvests were last estimated in South Alaska Peninsula harvests as part of the Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program (WASSIP) in 2007-2009. An updated study that accurately and precisely estimates stock-specific harvests would help resolve these concerns and provide valuable management information regarding the gear- and temporal-specific harvests of chum salmon in select South Peninsula fisheries. This operational plan provides the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) with a sampling and genetic analysis plan to achieve that overall goal.
Book Synopsis Early Marine Ecology of Juvenile Chum Salmon in Kuskokwim Bay, Western Alaska by : Nicola Hillgruber
Download or read book Early Marine Ecology of Juvenile Chum Salmon in Kuskokwim Bay, Western Alaska written by Nicola Hillgruber and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis General Technical Report PNW-GTR by :
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW-GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
