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Author : Margretha Johanna Franciska Driegen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Genetic Control of Schwann Cell Differentiation written by Margretha Johanna Franciska Driegen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Todd S. Zorick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Transcriptional Control of Myelination in Schwann Cells written by Todd S. Zorick and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian L. Nelms
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 161504048X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Author : Raghu Ramesh (Ph.D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book The Schwann Cell Regulatory Network in Development and Injury written by Raghu Ramesh (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schwann cells are important glia in the peripheral nerve that myelinate axons and allow for rapid nerve conduction. Myelinating Schwann cells align and wrap around large diameter motor axons, whereas non-myelinating Schwann cells envelop bundles of small diameter sensory axons with their membranes. Schwann cells also play critical roles after peripheral nerve injury by performing tasks such as clearing myelin debris, recruiting macrophages, forming axon-guiding Bands of Bungner and re-myelinating new axons. Schwann cells undergo transcriptional and epigenomic remodeling to transdifferentiate from a myelinating state into a repair state that expresses a distinct set of genes not expressed in development. The transcription factor SOX10 is required for glial fate differentiation in the peripheral nerve and spinal cord. Transcription factors expressed in myelinating Schwann cells are not cell-specific, therefore interactions between transcription factor pairs drive Schwann cell differentiation. The nuclear receptor NR2F2 is co-expressed with SOX10 from early development in the neural crest through Schwann cell maturity, and NR2F2 motifs are enriched at peripheral nerve-specific SOX10-bound enhancers. Using siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq, and Cut&Run, we found that NR2F2 binds to and regulates non-myelinating Schwann cell genes and co-binds with RXRG and TEAD1 to form distinct transcriptional complexes at SOX10-bound, peripheral nerve enhancers. Many of the genes activated in the repair state transition in Schwann cells are associated with dynamically regulated enhancers that are not present during myelination, but appear after nerve injury. The AP-1 family member JUN is important for the induction for injury genes. To determine the extent to which JUN binds injury-induced enhancers, we incorporated ChIP-seq data and found that JUN binds to a significant proportion of injury-induced enhancers. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a strongly induced injury gene and a target of JUN regulation. We found that JUN binds at three upstream injury-induced enhancers. Deletion of these Shh enhancers strongly downregulated the transcript post-injury in vivo, and these enhancers are activated by JUN overexpression in vitro. Due to the importance of Schwann cells in myelination and nerve regeneration, determining transcriptional mechanisms that mediate cellular processes is crucial for understanding debilitating nerve injuries, myelinopathies, and hereditary neuropathies.
Author : D. Meijer
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128062436
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by D. Meijer and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814343803
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Neural Crest Stem Cells written by Maya Sieber-Blum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973481
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Author : Kwok-Fai So
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780128017326
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Neural Regeneration written by Kwok-Fai So and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Regeneration provides an overview of cutting-edge knowledge on a broad spectrum of neural regeneration, including: Neural regeneration in lower vertebrates Neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system Neural regeneration in the central nervous system Transplantation-mediated neural regeneration Clinical and translational research on neural regeneration The contributors to this book are experts in their fields and work at distinguished institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and China. Nervous system injuries, including peripheral nerve injuries, brain and spinal cord injuries, and stroke affect millions of people worldwide every year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, neural regeneration and repair is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the new discoveries to promote structural and functional recoveries based on neural regeneration. The ultimate goal is to translate the most optimal regenerative strategies to treatments of human nervous system injuries. This valuable reference book is useful for students, postdoctors, and basic and clinical scientists who are interested in neural regeneration research.
Author : Shaalee Dworski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494765241
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (652 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Schwann Cells Derived From Peripheral Nerve With Schwann Cells Differentiated From Skin-derived Precursors written by Shaalee Dworski and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicole Le Douarin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521620109
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (21 download)
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Author : José Francisco Rodríguez-Molina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Sox10-regulated Signaling Pathways in Schwann Cells written by José Francisco Rodríguez-Molina and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schwann cells are the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), providing the necessary trophic support and insulation through their myelin sheaths to enable the saltatory conduction in the axon. The transcription factor Sox10 plays an indispensable role in the differentiation and identity of Schwann cells and although its targets have been detailed, the function of many are unknown. The work presented here describes the initial findings for the function of three Sox10-target genes that have not yet been investigated in the context of Schwann cell biology. Dual specificity phosphatase 15 (Dusp15) is a Sox10-target gene identified by the bioinformatic analysis of Sox10 and Egr2 controlled genes. Analysis of Dusp15 showed that it was necessary for the full activation of the Erk pathway. In addition, this activation of Erk was necessary for the repression of myelin genes, like Mbp and Pmp22, that are also activated by Sox10 and Egr2. The negative feedback, produced by the activation of Dusp15 by Sox10/Egr2, is an example of the complicated network controlled by these transcription factors. Sox10 directly controls a small group of microRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs that repress gene expression. One is the miR-340-5p and the other is a family of microRNAs called oncomirs. We found that miR-340-5p represses SCARB2 which is induced during nerve injury, when miR-340-5p is reduced. This inhibitory role might be necessary to prevent inappropriate activation of injury genes. In addition we found that the oncomirs are repressed by Egr2, but are induced by Sox10. We tested if Egr2 could be a target for the oncomirs but in the conditions we tested, we found no evidence of the oncomirs repressing Egr2. Altogether my work provides a new player in the Erk signaling pathway and repressor of myelin genes during myelination, new in-roads in the analysis of the oncomir clusters and a regulator of SCARB2, miR-340-5p, together with a list of other possible targets. These findings will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Schwann cells.
Author : Heinz Redl
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319088303
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (883 download)
Download or read book Cell Engineering and Regeneration written by Heinz Redl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work presents the origins of cells for tissue engineering and regeneration, including primary cells, tissue-specific stem cells, pluripotent stem cells and trans-differentiated or reprogrammed cells. There is particular emphasis on current understanding of tissue regeneration based on embryology and evolution studies, including mechanisms of amphibian regeneration. The book covers the use of autologous versus allogeneic cell sources, as well as various procedures used for cell isolation and cell pre-conditioning , such as cell sorting, biochemical and biophysical pre-conditioning, transfection and aggregation. It also presents cell modulation using growth factors, molecular factors, epigenetic approaches, changes in biophysical environment, cellular co-culture and other elements of the cellular microenvironment. The pathways of cell delivery are discussed with respect to specific clinical situations, including delivery of ex vivo manipulated cells via local and systemic routes, as well as activation and migration of endogenous reservoirs of reparative cells. The volume concludes with an in-depth discussion of the tracking of cells in vivo and their various regenerative activities inside the body, including differentiation, new tissue formation and actions on other cells by direct cell-to-cell communication and by secretion of biomolecules.
Author : Carlos Simón
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107034477
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Author : Patricia Armati
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139491717
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book The Biology of Oligodendrocytes written by Patricia Armati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, oligodendrocytes have been assumed to play a minor supporting role in the central nervous system and their importance has generally been overlooked. For the first time, this book provides a dedicated review of all of the major aspects of oligodendrocyte biology, including development, organization, genetics, and immunobiology. Later chapters emphasize the importance of this underestimated cell to the mammalian central nervous system by exploring the role of myelin synthesis and maintenance in neural disease and repair. Particular attention is paid to multiple sclerosis (MS), arguably the prime example of an acquired demyelinating disease, with detailed examinations of the current concepts regarding demyelination, oligodendroglial damage, and remyelination in MS lesions.
Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Author : Abel Lajtha
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387326707
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology written by Abel Lajtha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.
Author : Eduardo E. Benarroch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190209429
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences written by Eduardo E. Benarroch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and revised according to student feedback, the sixth edition of Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences: Organized by Neurologic System and Level provides a systematic approach to anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system inspired by the neurologist's approach to solving clinical problems. This volume has 4 sections: 1) an overview of the neurosciences necessary for understanding anatomical localization and pathophysiologic characterization of neurologic disorders; 2) an approach to localizing lesions in the 7 longitudinal systems of the nervous system; 3) an approach to localizing lesions in the 4 horizontal levels of the nervous system; and 4) a collection of clinical problems. This book provides the neuroscience framework to support the neurologist in a clinical setting and is also a great resource for neurology and psychiatry board certifications. This is the perfect guide for all medical students and neurology, psychiatry, and physical medicine residents at early stages of training. New to This Edition - A chapter devoted to multiple-choice questions for self-assessment - Discussion of emerging concepts in molecular, cellular, and system neurosciences - New chapters on emotion and consciousness systems - Incorporation of new discoveries in neuroimaging and an appendix for tables of medications commonly used to treat neurologic disorders
