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Genetic Analysis Of Resistance To Apple Scab Venturia Inaequalis In Apple Malus X Domestica Borkh
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Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Apple Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) by : Ramsey Maharaj
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Apple Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) written by Ramsey Maharaj and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amongst the many problems facing the apple industry, apple scab is one of the most challenging experienced by producers. This disease is caused by Venturia inaequalis, which causes lesions to develop on both the fruit and leaves. The fungus is usually controlled by extensive use of sprays, but molecular genetics have made more environmentally friendly techniques available. This study was aimed at constructing a genetic linkage map from apple, which would be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Book Synopsis Mapping red flesh colour and a new scab resistance gene in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) by : Céline Blond
Download or read book Mapping red flesh colour and a new scab resistance gene in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) written by Céline Blond and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the objectives of the HortResearch apple breeders is to develop new high quality apple cultivars with red flesh Previous studies identified a candidate gene controlling red colour in apple, MdMYB10, and led to the development of a molecular marker, Nzsnp_MdMYB10, within this gene. This present study maps the location of the red flesh gene on the apple genome, using a set of published microsatellites and Nzsnp_MdMYB10. We show the red flesh gene MdMYB10 is located on linkage group 9.Another objective of HortResearch is to develop disease resistant cultivars to decrease the use of pesticide. Apple scab is the major apple disease worldwide and is caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G,Winter. Several resistance genes are already known and used ; but some of them, for example Vf, have been circumvented by new V,inaequalis races. There is a need for durable scab resistance with new genes and the accession 'Dolgo' represented a new unused source of resistance to apple scab. This study maps the location of the gene Vdolgo on the apple genome using a whole genome scan approach. We show Vdolgo is located on the linkage group 2 in a region rich in apple scab resistance genes (i.e. Vr, Vbj, Vh2, Vh4, Vh8).
Book Synopsis Genetic Engineering of 'McIntosh' Apple for Resistance to Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) by : Jyothi Prakash Bolar
Download or read book Genetic Engineering of 'McIntosh' Apple for Resistance to Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) written by Jyothi Prakash Bolar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Candidate Effector Genes in Venturia Inaequalis by : Wendy Hinemoana Kearns
Download or read book An Analysis of Candidate Effector Genes in Venturia Inaequalis written by Wendy Hinemoana Kearns and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Apple scab (or black spot), caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, is the most important disease of apples (Malus spp.) worldwide and in New Zealand. Fungal plant pathogens cause disease by secreting a variety of effector molecules that interfere with the plant's ability to respond to infection. A subset of effectors can be recognised by plant resistance genes and consequently trigger a resistance response. The durability of plant resistance in the field is dependent on the importance of the recognised effector to the virulence of the pathogen, and whether it can be mutated to evade detection. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of V. inaequalis pathogenicity is paramount to the development of long-term genetic resistance. To this end, the functions of four V. inaequalis candidate effector genes were investigated in this thesis. These are: ViEcp6, an orthologue to a characterised effector in Cladesporium fulvum; AvrRvi4,5, identified from a protein filtrate which elicits a hypersensitive response on apple hosts h(4) and h(5); and Vice12 and Vice16, identified from a comparative analysis between in planta and in vitro EST libraries. Expression profiles of these genes during an infection time-course were measured using real time reverse transcriptase PCR. ViEcp6 transcription was highly and constitutively upregulated in planta versus in vitro; AvrRvi4,5 transcription correlated with cuticle penetration but was not upregulated in planta; Vice12 transcription was constitutively upregulated in planta; Vice16 transcription was upregulated in planta and correlated with initiation of stromata growth and sporulation. Knock-down vectors were constructed and transformants for all genes but AvrRvi4,5, analysed. Silencing of ViEcp6 and Vice16 resulted in reduced virulence in comparison to wildtype controls. Conversely, upregulation of Vice12 transcription resulted in reduced pathogenicity. In vitro phenotypes of all transformants were indistinguishable from the wildtype. Bioinformatic analysis of Vice12 using a gene prediction from the latest genome assembly suggests this protein is involved in ribosomal trafficking, and is therefore unlikely to be an effector. ViEcp6 and Vice16 are considered to be promising effector candidates on which further analysis of protein function should be undertaken"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Monitoring and Characterization of V. Inaequalis Strains by : Sophia Wentkowski
Download or read book Monitoring and Characterization of V. Inaequalis Strains written by Sophia Wentkowski and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most environmentally friendly and consumer-safe approach to controlling apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. ) is the utilisation of scab-resistant cultivars (Koch et al., 1999). Yet, the persisting resistance-breakthroughs and increased bio-fungicide resistance throughout the years in apple orchards, both in Northwestern Switzerland and the Lake Constance region in Germany, have piqued the interest to investigate the regional pathogen's spectrum itself. Through a series of methodologically diverse experiments, including detached leaf assays, differential malus set trials, fungicide efficacy assessments, and High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, the project aims to dissect the complex interactions between the pathogen and susceptible or resistant apple cultivar varieties. The genetic structure of six Venturia inaequalis populations, two in Switzerland and four in Germany, were investigated for the first time using seven microsatellite markers. From the HRM analysis 43 single spore isolates and 23 genotypes could be identified by analysing the melt peak temperatures using GenAlEx. This analysis correlated with melting curve profiles, with certain populations displaying unique genotype distributions. The AMOVA provides a deeper genetic understanding, revealing a high genetic variation within populations (91%) and between different populations (5%) and regions (4%). The PCoA grouped the isolates into four higher-level populations. The fungicide efficacy assessment brings to light the significant variability in responses to bio-fungicides of copper and sulfur among seven isolates. Distinct isolates demonstrate higher sensitivity to higher concentrated treatments, while others exhibit fluctuating responses, suggesting the presence of resistant subpopulations and isolate-specific characteristics. The detached leaf assays and differential set trials reveal difficulties in maintaining viable cultures and cultivars, emphasizing the need for refined methodologies. Despite the methodological challenges and the inability to conclusively correlate phenotypic variability with genetic diversity, the thesis lays foundational knowledge of improved methodologies and provides valuable insights. The findings presented serve as a valuable foundation for future research endeavours and the development of more effective and targeted scab management strategies.
Download or read book Apple Scab written by William E. MacHardy and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using stunning computer animation blended with real-life in-field footage, this educational video impressively illustrates the life cycle of the apple scab fungus Venturia inaequalis. Students and extension audiences will gain a clear understanding of the development and epidemiological spread of this disease and how it can be controlled using integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Apple Scab Venturia inaequalis is an authoritative presentation of a disease that is found in most of the world's apple-growing regions.This video is dedicated to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Günter Martin Hoffmann (1923-2013), one of the fathers of Integrated Pest Management. He was a full professor of plant pathology at the Technical University of Munich-Weihenstephan, Germany. His research and teaching focused on the epidemiology of fungal pathogens of major crops and their integrated control by developing several IPM prognosis models. Professor Hoffmann was an enthusiastic apple grower.PowerPoint Lets You Add Specific Video Segments to Your Lectures and Talks from the Video Using: Video TrimFull length videos can be trimmed for use in PowerPoint presentations. Trim this video to highlight specific sections for classroom demonstrations or use the full video to build an entire lecture.This video was produced by STUMM-FILM media, our award-winning partner in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
Book Synopsis Genetic and Molecular Characterisation of Resistance Factors and Candidate Genes for Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) by : Anastassia Boudichevskaia
Download or read book Genetic and Molecular Characterisation of Resistance Factors and Candidate Genes for Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) written by Anastassia Boudichevskaia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Dissection of Physiological Traits and Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus X Domestica (Borkh.)) Into Quantitative Trait Loci Using an SSR Based Genetic Linkage Map by : Robert Xaver Liebhard
Download or read book Genetic Dissection of Physiological Traits and Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus X Domestica (Borkh.)) Into Quantitative Trait Loci Using an SSR Based Genetic Linkage Map written by Robert Xaver Liebhard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Apple Genome by : Schuyler S. Korban
Download or read book The Apple Genome written by Schuyler S. Korban and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers information on the economics; botany, taxonomy, and origin; germplasm resources; cytogenetics and nuclear DNA; genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars; genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks; genetic and physical mapping; genomic resources; genome and epigenome; regulatory sequences; utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection; flowering and juvenility; cold hardiness and dormancy; fruit color development; fruit acidity and sugar content; metabolomics; biology and genomics of the microbiome; apple domestication; as well as other ‘omics’ opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple. The cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important tree fruit crops of temperate regions of the world. It is widely cultivated and grown in North America, Europe, and Asia. The apple fruit is a highly desirable fruit due to its flavor, sugar and acid content, metabolites, aroma, as well as its overall texture and palatability. Furthermore, it is a rich source of important nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, and dietary fiber.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Symposium on Apple Breeding for Scab Resistance by : A. Bergamini
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium on Apple Breeding for Scab Resistance written by A. Bergamini and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Powder Mildew (Podosphaeara Leucotricha) in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) by : Zolani Ellias Simayi
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Powder Mildew (Podosphaeara Leucotricha) in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) written by Zolani Ellias Simayi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcript Analysis of Apple Scab Susceptible and Resistant Malus Domestica Borkh. Cultivars and Establishment of a Mannose Selection Transformation System for Apple by : Juliana Degenhardt
Download or read book Transcript Analysis of Apple Scab Susceptible and Resistant Malus Domestica Borkh. Cultivars and Establishment of a Mannose Selection Transformation System for Apple written by Juliana Degenhardt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Single-site Fungicide Resistance in the Apple Scab Pathogen, Venturia Inaequalis by : Sara M. Villani
Download or read book The Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms of Single-site Fungicide Resistance in the Apple Scab Pathogen, Venturia Inaequalis written by Sara M. Villani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apple scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis is among the most prevalent and economically important diseases in commercial apple orchards in regions with temperate climates worldwide. The absence of durable apple scab resistance in the majority of commercially desired cultivars often mandates numerous fungicide applications each season to successfully manage the disease. Highly effective single-site fungicides have enhanced the ability to manage a number of phytopathogenic fungi, including V. inaequalis. Unfortunately the highly specific nature and repetitive use of these fungicides has led to their diminished efficacy and widespread resistance in V. inaequalis. The identification of the prevalence of single-site resistance in populations of V. inaequalis and an understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance to these fungicides can aid in the rapid detection of fungicide resistance, the deployment of fungicide anti-resistance management strategies, and the development of efficient and effective chemical management programs for apple scab control. In this dissertation, a combination of applied and basic research was implemented to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with practical resistance to DMI and QoI fungicides in isolates and/or populations of V. inaequalis. Microscopy-aided mycelial growth assays were used to determine sensitivity phenotypes to the DMI fungicides myclobutanil and difenoconazole and to the QoI fungicide trifloxystrobin. The majority of populations of V. inaequalis collected throughout the Northeastern, Mid-Atlantic, and Mid-Western United States were found to have reduced sensitivity or practical resistance to myclobutanil, but not difenoconazole. Illumina sequencing and reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to identify the contribution of target gene overexpression and the presence of upstream repeated elements in myclobutanil and difenoconazole resistance. Another molecular technique, allelespecific quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the role of target gene heteroplasmy in the quantitative resistance response and practical resistance to trifloxystrobin in isolates and populations of V. inaequalis. Additionally, baseline sensitivity of V. inaequalis to three SDHI fungicides was determined, and the sdhB gene, a target for SDHI fungicides, was identified and characterized. In summary, the results of this dissertation contribute to the identification and understanding of mechanisms associated with single-site fungicide resistance in V. inaequalis.
Book Synopsis Transcription Factors Control Apple Pathogen Response by : Linhan Wang
Download or read book Transcription Factors Control Apple Pathogen Response written by Linhan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The apple pathogen Venturia inaequalis can infect Malus x domestica, causing an economically damaging disease, scab. Knowledge of how the recognition of a potential pathogen by an R gene product is translated into an effective resistance response in apple is limited. One apple accession, carrying the Rvi5 R gene (Rvi5), is resistant to V. inaequalis. In contrast, the commercial variety Royal Gala is highly susceptible while other accessions, such as those carrying the R gene Rvi8 (Rvi8) are partly resistant to infection caused by V. inaequalis. Transcription factors (TFs) are a vital class of proteins which interact with DNA binding domains to manipulate gene transcription and, therefore, affect gene expression. Some TF families, such as WRKYs, MYB, bHLHs have important functions in plant immunity. One of the functions of TFs is triggering expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in response to attempted infection. This thesis describes the generation of NGS data based on a V. inaequalis inoculation experiment on the resistant accession Rvi5. This shows the global gene expression during resistance including the expression of specific TFs which were dramatically activated by attempted infection. Based on these data and the construction of phylogenetic trees, candidates from the WRKY family of plant TFs were selected for further analysis including WRKY7, WRKY9, WRKY11, WRKY18, WRKY40, WRKY75a and WRKY75b. PR1a, PR2, PR4, PR5 and PR8 were selected as the PR gene candidates. qPCR was employed to validate the NGS results. Functional experiments of TFs and PR genes proved there was a direct link between specific combinations and that there was evidence for interaction between individual WRKY TFs. In contrast to the NGS and qPCR data from Rvi5, qPCR expression profiles of TFs and PR genes in either the partly resistant Rvi8 or the susceptible ‘Royal Gala’ showed a very different expression profile. Expression of the selected TF and PR gene candidates was not activated by infection of V.inaequalis. From this work, it appears that expression of these TFs is vital in apple immunity and that they activate PR genes during the resistance response.
Book Synopsis Exploring Horticulturally Important Traits in Apple Using Genetic Mapping in Populations of Differing Size and Composition by : Kendra McClure
Download or read book Exploring Horticulturally Important Traits in Apple Using Genetic Mapping in Populations of Differing Size and Composition written by Kendra McClure and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a long-lived woody perennial important to international markets. Development of new apple cultivars historically has been protracted and expensive, largely due to its biology. We believe that locating markers linked to traits of interest and marker-assisted selection (MAS) at the seedling stage could accelerate this process. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for traits important to the sustainability and longevity of the Canadian apple industry, such as storage disorders, disease resistance, and fruit quality were conducted in three populations. Two QTL associated with the storage disorder soft scald were detected in the parental background of one F1 cross, but were not replicated across years, or when GWAS were conducted in a different population. Apple scab (Venturia ineaqualis [Cke.] Wint.) is a fungal pathogen that plagues growers in wet, humid climates, such as Nova Scotia. Significant genotype-phenotype GWAS associations were detected across seven different chromosomes for apple scab resistance in a germplasm collection of commercial cultivars. In the same population, GWAS also revealed SNPs associated with fruit quality traits, such as apple fruit skin colour and change in firmness during storage. Finally, a large, diverse germplasm collection and GWAS were used to explore flowering time and fruit quality. Significant marker-trait associations were found for flowering time in two years, but no clear candidate genes were identified. Fruit quality studies revealed several significant genotype-phenotype associations, including harvest date, fruit firmness, and acidity. This research will form the foundation of future studies for the development of markers that will assist with the development of new apple cultivars well-suited for Canadian and international markets.
Book Synopsis Genetic Transformation of Apple and Techniques for in Vitro Selection of Regenerants Resistant to Venturia Inaequalis by : Luz Marcela Yepes-Martínez
Download or read book Genetic Transformation of Apple and Techniques for in Vitro Selection of Regenerants Resistant to Venturia Inaequalis written by Luz Marcela Yepes-Martínez and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding by : H. Schmidt
Download or read book Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding written by H. Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the papers and posters presented at the Eucarpia Fruit Breeding Section Meeting held at Wädenswil/Einsiedeln, Switzerland from August 30 to September 3, 1993. It gives an overview of the latest trends in temperate fruit breeding in Europe and overseas. Three subjects were considered in special workshops: durability of scab resistance in apple, biotechnology and molecular markers. One important aim of modern fruit breeding is stable resistance to pests and diseases. Molecular markers might help to identify the genetic basis of important characters related to disease and pest resistance and components of yield and quality. Gene transfer has been successfully applied in several fruit species. However, public opinion in many countries does not favour this new technology and its products. Despite these new approaches, traditional breeding methods still predominate; many aspects of traditional breeding are considered in this book. Genetic resources and their exploitation are dealt with in a special chapter. Aspects of breeding minor crops such as walnut, almond, hippophae, cornel, etc. are also considered. Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding is meant for fruit breeders, pomologists, lecturers, students and growers.
