Género, ciudadanía y globalización II

Download Género, ciudadanía y globalización II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ediciones Alfar
ISBN 13 : 9788478983995
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (839 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Género, ciudadanía y globalización II by :

Download or read book Género, ciudadanía y globalización II written by and published by Ediciones Alfar. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El segundo volumen de la colección Género, Ciudadanía y Globalización se centra en cómo la intersección entre los tres conceptos se proyecta en diversas producciones literarias y artísticas así como en la influencia de ambos para la puesta en marcha de iniciativas académicas y personales. Como ya quedaba recogido en el primer volumen, en los últimos tiempos, un gran número de voces han denunciado el modo en que aspectos derivados de la era de la globalización en la que se encuentra inmerso el mundo actual han determinado en gran medida la configuración de las identidades de género. Asimismo, la definición de ciudadanía, que en muchos casos ha delimitado el desarrollo pleno de la subjetividad personal, está siendo cuestionada desde múltiples disciplinas, de tal manera que las categorías hegemónicas empiezan a ser subvertidas. Este trabajo recoge algunas reflexiones al respecto, contando con la contribución de profesionales que analizan los conceptos de globalización y ciudadanía desde la literatura, la historia, las artes visuales, el mundo académico y el activismo. Los efectos de los parámetros nacionalistas, raciales y socio-políticos se analizan en los capítulos con la intención de demostrar los diferentes discursos en los que los códigos de la globalización y la ciudadanía se escriben y re-escriben en pro de un imaginario de género menos ortodoxo y más plural. De esta forma, el volumen constituye un instrumento excelente para la reflexión sobre las visiones y revisiones de la ciudadanía y la globalización que han tenido lugar en el panorama internacional. Beatriz Domínguez-García y Auxiliadora Pérez Vides forman parte del nutrido grupo de profesoras y profesores que constituyen el Seminario de Estudios de la Mujer de la Universidad de Huelva. Ambas imparten docencia de grado y posgrado en el Departamento de Filología Inglesa de dicha universidad y tienen una amplia experiencia en el análisis de género desde la literatura en lengua inglesa así como en la organización de actividades relacionadas con los estudios feministas y de género. Domínguez García es especialista en reescrituras feministas de los cuentos de hadas y revisiones de la historia por parte de escritoras británicas del siglo XX, sobre las que ha publicado diversos capítulos y artículos. Por su parte, Pérez Vides ha centrado su investigación en la literatura irlandesa contemporánea, concretamente en las representaciones feministas de la maternidad en la narrativa de dicho país, y cuenta también con varias publicaciones sobre dichos temas.

Género, ciudadanía y globalización

Download Género, ciudadanía y globalización PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (941 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Género, ciudadanía y globalización by :

Download or read book Género, ciudadanía y globalización written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Kate Atkinson

Download Kate Atkinson PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 152614851X
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kate Atkinson by : Armelle Parey

Download or read book Kate Atkinson written by Armelle Parey and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely in-depth study of award-winning Kate Atkinson's work provides a welcome comprehensive overview of the novels, play and short stories. It explores the major themes and aesthetic concerns in her fiction. Combining close analysis and literary contextualisation, it situates her multi-faceted work in terms of a hybridisation of genres and innovative narrative strategies to evoke contemporary issues and well as the past. Chapters offer insights into each major publication (from Behind the Scenes at the Museum to Big Sky, the latest instalment in the Brodie sequence, through the celebrated Life After Life and subsequent re-imaginings of the war) in relation to the key concerns of Atkinson's fiction, including self-narrativisation, history, memory and women’s lives.

Gender Transitions Along Borders

Download Gender Transitions Along Borders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317130081
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gender Transitions Along Borders by : Marlene Solis

Download or read book Gender Transitions Along Borders written by Marlene Solis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, women living in border cities have taken on new roles and have become one of the most vulnerable population groups; experiencing the effects of the economic crisis of the early 21st century and the consequent increase in social inequality and violence. This situation is particularly evident for the northern borderlands of Mexico and Morocco. The geopolitical position of these regions is defined by their strong existing asymmetry with their neighbouring countries: the United States, in the case of Mexico, and the Mediterranean European countries, in the case of Morocco. This book contributes to the understanding of current changes in the workplace, in family, in sexuality and sexual violence within the setting of the borderlands, through various studies addressing the manner in which these transformations are interpreted and experienced by women in everyday life and in their individual and collective agency.

New Global Cities in Latin America and Asia

Download New Global Cities in Latin America and Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472902741
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Global Cities in Latin America and Asia by : Pablo Baisotti

Download or read book New Global Cities in Latin America and Asia written by Pablo Baisotti and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Global Cities in Latin America and Asia: Welcome to the Twenty-First Century proposes new visions of global cities and regions historically considered “secondary” in the international context. The arguments are not only based on material progress made by these metropolises, but also on the growing social difficulties experienced (e.g., organized crime, drug trafficking, slums, economic inequalities). The book illustrates the growth of cities according to these problems arising from the modernity of the new century, comparing Latin American and Asian cities. This book analyzes the complex relationships within cities through an interdisciplinary approach, complementing other research and challenging orthodox views on global cities. At the same time, the book provides new theoretical and methodological tools to understand the progress of “Third World” cities and the way of understanding “globality” in the 21st century by confronting the traditional views with which global cities were appreciated since the 1980s. Pablo Baisotti brings together researchers from various fields who provide new interpretative keys to certain cities in Latin America and Asia.

Companion to Women's and Gender Studies

Download Companion to Women's and Gender Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119315085
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Companion to Women's and Gender Studies by : Nancy A. Naples

Download or read book Companion to Women's and Gender Studies written by Nancy A. Naples and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary field of Women's and Gender Studies, featuring original contributions from leading experts from around the world The Companion to Women's and Gender Studies is a comprehensive resource for students and scholars alike, exploring the central concepts, theories, themes, debates, and events in this dynamic field. Contributions from leading scholars and researchers cover a wide range of topics while providing diverse international, postcolonial, intersectional, and interdisciplinary insights. In-depth yet accessible chapters discuss the social construction and reproduction of gender and inequalities in various cultural, social-economic, and political contexts. Thematically-organized chapters explore the development of Women's and Gender Studies as an academic discipline, changes in the field, research directions, and significant scholarship in specific, interrelated disciplines such as science, health, psychology, and economics. Original essays offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms by which gender intersects with other systems of power and privilege, the relation of androcentric approaches to science and gender bias in research, how feminist activists use media to challenge misrepresentations and inequalities, disparity between men and women in the labor market, how social movements continue to change Women's and Gender Studies, and more. Filling a significant gap in contemporary literature in the field, this volume: Features a broad interdisciplinary and international range of essays Engages with both individual and collective approaches to agency and resistance Addresses topics of intense current interest and debate such as transgender movements, gender-based violence, and gender discrimination policy Includes an overview of shifts in naming, theoretical approaches, and central topics in contemporary Women's and Gender Studies Companion to Women's and Gender Studies is an ideal text for instructors teaching courses in gender, sexuality, and feminist studies, or related disciplines such as psychology, history, education, political science, sociology, and cultural studies, as well as practitioners and policy makers working on issues related to gender and sexuality.

Companion to Women's and Gender Studies

Download Companion to Women's and Gender Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119315093
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Companion to Women's and Gender Studies by : Nancy A. Naples

Download or read book Companion to Women's and Gender Studies written by Nancy A. Naples and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary field of Women's and Gender Studies, featuring original contributions from leading experts from around the world The Companion to Women's and Gender Studies is a comprehensive resource for students and scholars alike, exploring the central concepts, theories, themes, debates, and events in this dynamic field. Contributions from leading scholars and researchers cover a wide range of topics while providing diverse international, postcolonial, intersectional, and interdisciplinary insights. In-depth yet accessible chapters discuss the social construction and reproduction of gender and inequalities in various cultural, social-economic, and political contexts. Thematically-organized chapters explore the development of Women's and Gender Studies as an academic discipline, changes in the field, research directions, and significant scholarship in specific, interrelated disciplines such as science, health, psychology, and economics. Original essays offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms by which gender intersects with other systems of power and privilege, the relation of androcentric approaches to science and gender bias in research, how feminist activists use media to challenge misrepresentations and inequalities, disparity between men and women in the labor market, how social movements continue to change Women's and Gender Studies, and more. Filling a significant gap in contemporary literature in the field, this volume: Features a broad interdisciplinary and international range of essays Engages with both individual and collective approaches to agency and resistance Addresses topics of intense current interest and debate such as transgender movements, gender-based violence, and gender discrimination policy Includes an overview of shifts in naming, theoretical approaches, and central topics in contemporary Women's and Gender Studies Companion to Women's and Gender Studies is an ideal text for instructors teaching courses in gender, sexuality, and feminist studies, or related disciplines such as psychology, history, education, political science, sociology, and cultural studies, as well as practitioners and policy makers working on issues related to gender and sexuality.

World Anthropologies in Practice

Download World Anthropologies in Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000183440
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis World Anthropologies in Practice by : John Gledhill

Download or read book World Anthropologies in Practice written by John Gledhill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a post-colonial world, the contributions of anthropologists living outside North America and Western Europe can no longer be treated as marginal. World Anthropologies in Practice demonstrates how global dialogues enable us to draw on local knowledge as well as differences of perspective to help overcome anthropology’s eternal struggle against ethnocentrism and to strengthen the subject’s relevance to the contemporary world.Based on contributions to the ASA-sponsored IUAES World Anthropology Congress in Manchester, UK, this truly global book brings together a wide range of international scholars who might otherwise not talk to each other. Featuring articles from leading figures in the field such as Yolanda Moses, Winnie Lem, Carmen Rial, Miriam Grossi, and Cristina Amescua, the volume covers topics as diverse as the mobility of Brazilian football players, toilets in South Africa, trade unions in Nepal and South Africa, peace-building in southern Thailand, museological approaches in China, the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, immigration and race in the United States, and many more. Edited by John Gledhill, the text offers a much-needed insight into the way in which anthropology is developing worldwide and makes a tremendous contribution to the discussion of ‘world anthropologies’. An important, timely work for students and researchers.

Education and Social Inequality in the Global Culture

Download Education and Social Inequality in the Global Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402069278
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Education and Social Inequality in the Global Culture by : Joseph Zajda

Download or read book Education and Social Inequality in the Global Culture written by Joseph Zajda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book critically examines the overall interplay between globalisation, social inequality and education. It explores conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches applicable in the research covering the State, globalisation, social stratification and education. The book, constructed against this pervasive anti-dialogical backdrop, aims to widen, deepen, and in some cases open, discourse related to globalisation, and new dimensions of social inequality in the global culture.

The Border Reader

Download The Border Reader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478027193
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Border Reader by : Gilberto Rosas

Download or read book The Border Reader written by Gilberto Rosas and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Border Reader brings together canonical and cutting-edge humanities and social science scholarship on the US-Mexico border region. Spotlighting the vibrancy of border studies from the field’s emergence to its enduring significance, the essays mobilize feminist, queer, and critical ethnic studies perspectives to theorize the border as a site of epistemic rupture and knowledge production. The chapters speak to how borders exist as regions where people and nation-states negotiate power, citizenship, and questions of empire. Among other topics, these essays examine the lived experiences of the diverse undocumented people who move through and live in the border region; trace the gendered and sexualized experiences of the border; show how the US-Mexico border has become a site of illegality where immigrant bodies become racialized and excluded; and imagine anti- and post-border futures. Foregrounding the interplay of scholarly inquiry and political urgency stemming from the borderlands, The Border Reader presents a unique cross section of critical interventions on the region. Contributors. Leisy J. Abrego, Gloria E. Anzaldúa, Martha Balaguera, Lionel Cantú, Leo R. Chavez, Raúl Fernández, Rosa-Linda Fregoso, Roberto G. Gonzales, Gilbert G. González, Ramón Gutiérrez, Kelly Lytle Hernández, José E. Limón, Mireya Loza, Alejandro Lugo, Eithne Luibhéid, Martha Menchaca, Cecilia Menjívar, Natalia Molina, Fiamma Montezemolo, Américo Paredes, Néstor Rodríguez, Renato Rosaldo, Gilberto Rosas, María Josefina Saldaña-Portillo, Sonia Saldívar-Hull, Alicia Schmidt Camacho, Sayak Valencia Triana, Carlos G. Vélez-Ibáñez, Patricia Zavella

Critical Indigenous Rights Studies

Download Critical Indigenous Rights Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135174755X
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Critical Indigenous Rights Studies by : Giselle Corradi

Download or read book Critical Indigenous Rights Studies written by Giselle Corradi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of ‘critical indigenous rights studies’ is a complex one that benefits from an interdisciplinary perspective and a realist (as opposed to an idealised) approach to indigenous peoples. This book draws on sociology of law, anthropology, political sciences and legal sciences in order to address emerging issues in the study of indigenous rights and identify directions for future research. The first part of the volume investigates how changing identities and cultures impact rights protection, analysing how policies on development and land, and processes such as migration, interrelate with the mobilisation of identities and the realisation of rights. In the second part, new approaches related to indigenous peoples’ rights are scrutinised as to their potential and relevance. They include addressing legal tensions from an indigenous peoples’ rights perspective, creating space for counter-narratives on international law and designing new instruments. Throughout the text, case studies with wide geographical scope are presented, ranging from Latin America (the book’s focus) to Egypt, Rwanda and Scandinavia.

Identidad, diferencia y ciudadanía en el cine transnacional contemporáneo

Download Identidad, diferencia y ciudadanía en el cine transnacional contemporáneo PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Editorial UOC
ISBN 13 : 8490647305
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Identidad, diferencia y ciudadanía en el cine transnacional contemporáneo by : José Luis Fecé

Download or read book Identidad, diferencia y ciudadanía en el cine transnacional contemporáneo written by José Luis Fecé and published by Editorial UOC. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En los últimos años la expresión “cine transnacional” se viene utilizando como sinónimo de “cine contemporáneo” puesto que las actuales condiciones de producción, distribución y consumo cinematográficos conducen a unas transformaciones, también estéticas, que difícilmente pueden explicarse desde las culturas y políticas nacionales. La imposibilidad o, como mínimo, la dificultad de asignar una nacionalidad única o mayoritaria constituye una de las principales características del cine, y de la producción audiovisual, contemporáneos. Los textos incluidos en esta edición se ocupan de estas transformaciones a través de ejemplos relacionados con espacios geopolíticos (los países que componen Mercosur); la recepción y el consumo de producciones audiovisuales latinas en Estados Unidos o con el análisis de espacios ficcionales transnacionales: la ciudad global, la frontera y otros no lugares contemporáneos. Estos trabajos coinciden en una idea más general: el carácter transnacional del cine contemporáneo no es un asunto estrictamente cinematográfico, sino también político, pues tanto su realidad como su imaginario geopolítico afectan también al propio concepto de ciudadanía.

The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism

Download The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781951470
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (819 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism by : Laura Oso

Download or read book The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism written by Laura Oso and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly unique International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism represents a state-of-the-art review of the critical importance of the links between gender and migration in a globalizing world. It draws on original, largely field-based contributions by authors across a range of disciplinary provenances worldwide. This unprecedented and ambitious Handbook addresses core debates on issues of gender, migration, transnationalism and development from a migrationdevelopment nexus. Using an analytical approach, it explores the influence of global changes namely the analysis of transnational migration flows from the perspective of the articulation of production and reproduction chains. Particular attention is paid to so-called global care chains with new models developed around the emerging trends played out by women in contemporary mobility flows. This path-breaking Handbook will provide a thought-provoking read for a multidisciplinary audience of academics, researchers and students of social science disciplines encompassing: economics, sociology, geography, demography, political science and political sociology, migration studies, family and gender studies and labour markets. The Handbook will also be of major interest to and importance for local and national governments, international agencies and their policymakers and administrators.

Football and Migration

Download Football and Migration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317810465
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Football and Migration by : Richard Elliott

Download or read book Football and Migration written by Richard Elliott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Football is an incredibly powerful case study of globalization and an extremely useful lens through which to study and understand contemporary processes of international migration. This is the first book to focus on the increasingly complex series of migratory processes that contour the contemporary game, drawing on multi-disciplinary approaches from sociology, history, geography and anthropology to explore migration in football in established, emerging and transitional contexts. The book examines shifting migration patterns over time and across space, and analyses the sociological dynamics that drive and influence those patterns. It presents in-depth case studies of migration in elite men’s football, exploring the role of established leagues in Europe and South America as well as important emerging leagues on football's frontier in North America and Asia. The final section of the book analyses the movement of groups who have rarely been the focus of migration research before, including female professional players, elite youth players, amateur players and players’ families, drawing on important new research in Ghana, England, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Few other sports have such a global reach and therefore few other sports are such an important location for cross-cultural research and insight across the social sciences. This book is engaging reading for any student or scholar with an interest in sport, sociology, human geography, migration, international labour flows, globalization, development or post-colonial studies.

Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World

Download Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137462566
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World by : À. Carabí

Download or read book Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World written by À. Carabí and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on global examples of gender equality, this collection explores non-dominant models of masculinity that represent gender equity in pro-feminist ways. Essays explore new alternative models of masculinity by a wide variety of contemporary authors and texts, ranging from Paul Auster to Jonathan Franzen.

The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology

Download The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019927388X
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology by : Mary McClintock Fulkerson

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology written by Mary McClintock Fulkerson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the relevance of globalization and the insights of gender studies and religious studies for feminist theology. It focuses on the changing global contexts for the field and its movement towards new models of theology, distinct from the forms of traditional Christian systematic theology and of secular feminism.

Made-to-Measure Future(s) for Democracy?

Download Made-to-Measure Future(s) for Democracy? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031086082
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Made-to-Measure Future(s) for Democracy? by : Julen Zabalo

Download or read book Made-to-Measure Future(s) for Democracy? written by Julen Zabalo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume analyses the development of democracy at different levels of governance (from local to global). The Basque search for an institutional and democratic model that adapts to its social needs and solves its problems offers an interesting perspective for analyzing the way in which democracy is seeking new forms of materialization from the local to the global. The volume is divided into four parts. The chapters in Part I analyze the tensions between the neoliberal vision of democracy and the voices contesting it, with projections at different levels of government. The chapters in Part II focus on the emerging framework and scales of Western democracy. The chapters in Part III present new forms of citizen participation, paying special - though not exclusive - attention to new practical strategies for Basque society. The volume concludes with a block of chapters on the relevance of reviewing the methodological and epistemological frameworks from which knowledge about democracy and mechanisms of citizen participation is generated (Part IV). By delving deeper into the idea and practice of democratic governance, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students from all disciplines of politics, international relations, sociology and law.