Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur: Oral History Transcript / 200

Download Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur: Oral History Transcript / 200 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palala Press
ISBN 13 : 9781378647455
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur: Oral History Transcript / 200 by : Sally Smith Hughes

Download or read book Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur: Oral History Transcript / 200 written by Sally Smith Hughes and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur

Download Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur by :

Download or read book Genentech Legal Counsel and Vice President, 1976-1988, and Entrepreneur written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education in chemical engineering, law; early experiences as patent examiner and patent solicitor; intellectual property trial lawyer, Lyon & Lyon; outside legal counsel to Genentech, 1976-1980; vice president and general counsel, Genentech, 1980-1988: Genentech's IPO, 1980; Diamond v. Chakrabarty Supreme Court case; recombinant DNA; commercialization of biotechnology; intellectual property; research and development clinical partnerships, patenting and licensing; Genentech-University of California legal relationships; Bayh-Dole Act, 1980; Genencor; Geron; Intermune Pharmaceuticals; National Institute of Health-Department of Energy Joint Committee on the Human Genome, 1992; comments on Herb Boyer, Dave Goeddel, Robert Swanson and others.

Co-Founder, CEO, and Chairman of Genentech, Inc., 1976-1996

Download Co-Founder, CEO, and Chairman of Genentech, Inc., 1976-1996 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781296005733
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Co-Founder, CEO, and Chairman of Genentech, Inc., 1976-1996 by : Sally Smith Hughes

Download or read book Co-Founder, CEO, and Chairman of Genentech, Inc., 1976-1996 written by Sally Smith Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice

Download Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145449
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

Genentech

Download Genentech PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226359204
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genentech by : Sally Smith Hughes

Download or read book Genentech written by Sally Smith Hughes and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 1980, Genentech, Inc., a little-known California genetic engineering company, became the overnight darling of Wall Street, raising over $38 million in its initial public stock offering. Lacking marketed products or substantial profit, the firm nonetheless saw its share price escalate from $35 to $89 in the first few minutes of trading, at that point the largest gain in stock market history. Coming at a time of economic recession and declining technological competitiveness in the United States, the event provoked banner headlines and ignited a period of speculative frenzy over biotechnology as a revolutionary means for creating new and better kinds of pharmaceuticals, untold profit, and a possible solution to national economic malaise. Drawing from an unparalleled collection of interviews with early biotech players, Sally Smith Hughes offers the first book-length history of this pioneering company, depicting Genentech’s improbable creation, precarious youth, and ascent to immense prosperity. Hughes provides intimate portraits of the people significant to Genentech’s science and business, including cofounders Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson, and in doing so sheds new light on how personality affects the growth of science. By placing Genentech’s founders, followers, opponents, victims, and beneficiaries in context, Hughes also demonstrates how science interacts with commercial and legal interests and university research, and with government regulation, venture capital, and commercial profits. Integrating the scientific, the corporate, the contextual, and the personal, Genentech tells the story of biotechnology as it is not often told, as a risky and improbable entrepreneurial venture that had to overcome a number of powerful forces working against it.

Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995

Download Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Franklin Classics
ISBN 13 : 9780342957330
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (573 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995 by : Glenn E Bugos

Download or read book Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995 written by Glenn E Bugos and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-14 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Transformative Entrepreneurs

Download Transformative Entrepreneurs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1137000260
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transformative Entrepreneurs by : Jeffrey A. Harris

Download or read book Transformative Entrepreneurs written by Jeffrey A. Harris and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurs are the key to any successful new business. But having a good idea is not enough . . . too many good ideas fail at the execution level. Meticulously researched with fresh insights into the entrepreneurial process, Transformative Entrepreneurs provides a fascinating perspective on those enterprises and entrepreneurs that have changed the landscape of society, and highlights the challenges and excitement of launching new innovative businesses. Jeff Harris brings in-depth perceptions from his nearly thirty years of venture capital experience to provide a thorough understanding of the transformative ideas and leadership abilities that separate the winners and losers. From Fred Smith's Federal Express to Hugh Hefner's Playboy, and Ted Turner's CNN to Herb Kelleher's Southwest Airlines, the pioneering business models and execution skills of the founders come to life providing an inspirational lens for those chasing the dream.

The Public Domain

Download The Public Domain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781537469607
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Public Domain by : James Boyle

Download or read book The Public Domain written by James Boyle and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please read the legal notice included in this e-book and/or check the copyright status in your country. In this enlightening book James Boyle describes what he calls the range wars of the information age-today's heated battles over intellectual property. Boyle argues that just as every informed citizen needs to know at least something about the environment or civil rights, every citizen should also understand intellectual property law. Why? Because intellectual property rights mark out the ground rules of the information society, and today's policies are unbalanced, unsupported by evidence, and often detrimental to cultural access, free speech, digital creativity, and scientific innovation. Boyle identifies as a major problem the widespread failure to understand the importance of the public domain-the realm of material that everyone is free to use and share without permission or fee. The public domain is as vital to innovation and culture as the realm of material protected by intellectual property rights, he asserts, and he calls for a movement akin to the environmental movement to preserve it. With a clear analysis of issues ranging from Jefferson's philosophy of innovation to musical sampling, synthetic biology and Internet file sharing, this timely book brings a positive new perspective to important cultural and legal debates. If we continue to enclose the "commons of the mind," Boyle argues, we will all be the poorer.

Scientist and Patent Agent at Genentech

Download Scientist and Patent Agent at Genentech PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781019912171
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scientist and Patent Agent at Genentech by : Sally Smith Hughes

Download or read book Scientist and Patent Agent at Genentech written by Sally Smith Hughes and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This oral history transcript offers a fascinating look into the world of biotech innovation, as seen through the eyes of Dennis G. Kleid, a pioneering scientist and patent agent at Genentech. Through interviews conducted by Sally Smith Hughes, Kleid reflects on his career, from his early work on insulin production to his contributions to the development of recombinant DNA technology, and his role in securing intellectual property rights for the company's breakthrough products. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Biotechnology and the Patent System

Download Biotechnology and the Patent System PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A E I Press
ISBN 13 : 9780844742564
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biotechnology and the Patent System by : Claude E. Barfield

Download or read book Biotechnology and the Patent System written by Claude E. Barfield and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American patent law has reached an unprecedented crossroads, prodded by a landmark Supreme Court decision this spring and the prospect of sweeping new federal legislation this fall. At this critical time, Biotechnology and the Patent System: Balancing Innovation and Property Rights provides a timely look at the complex issues involved in making patent law for cutting-edge high-tech industries such as the biotechnology and computer software sectors.

The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses

Download The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019803010X
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses by : Amar V. Bhide

Download or read book The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses written by Amar V. Bhide and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-16 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is this mysterious activity we call entrepreneurship? Does success require special traits and skills or just luck? Can large companies follow their example? What role does venture capital play? In a field dominated by anecdote and folklore, this landmark study integrates more than ten years of intensive research and modern theories of business and economics. The result is a comprehensive framework for understanding entrepreneurship that provides new and penetrating insights. Examining hundreds of successful ventures, the author finds that the typical business has humble, improvised origins. Well-planned start-ups, backed by substantial venture capital, are exceptional. Entrepreneurs like Bill Gates and Sam Walton initially pursue small, uncertain opportunities, without much capital, market research, or breakthrough technologies. Coping with ambiguity and surprises, face-to-face selling, and making do with second-tier employees is more important than foresight, deal-making, or recruiting top-notch teams. Transforming improvised start-ups into noteworthy enterprises requires a radical shift, from "opportunistic adaptation" in niche markets to the pursuit of ambitious strategies. This requires traits such as ambition and risk-taking that are initially unimportant. Mature corporations have to pursue entrepreneurial activity in a much more disciplined way. Companies like Intel and Merck focus their resources on large-scale initiatives that scrappy entrepreneurs cannot undertake. Their success requires carefully chosen bets, meticulous planning, and the smooth coordination of many employees rather than the talents of a driven few. This clearly and concisely written book is essential for anyone who wants to start a business, for the entrepreneur or executive who wants to grow a company, and for the scholar who wants to understand this crucial economic activity.

Bridging Islands

Download Bridging Islands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199268800
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bridging Islands by : Robert Kneller

Download or read book Bridging Islands written by Robert Kneller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging Islands is a detailed examination of the key role of venture companies in national technical and economic success, contrasting the industrial and social organization of the world's two largest economies, the US and Japan. The author argues that national policy on venture companies is of paramount importance to their economic growth.

Impacts of Applied Genetics

Download Impacts of Applied Genetics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Impacts of Applied Genetics by :

Download or read book Impacts of Applied Genetics written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Désiré Collen - Biotech Pioneer

Download Désiré Collen - Biotech Pioneer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Désiré Collen
ISBN 13 : 164999608X
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (499 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Désiré Collen - Biotech Pioneer by : Paul Huybrechts

Download or read book Désiré Collen - Biotech Pioneer written by Paul Huybrechts and published by Désiré Collen. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Désiré Collen, Biotech Pioneer relates the fascinating story of scientific discovery in a time when biotechnology was not yet a science. Although the cultivation and cross fertilization of plants were, strictly speaking, biotechnological techniques, modern biotechnology dates from the early 1970s, when pioneers such as biochemist Herbert Boyer from the university of California managed to transfer genetic material into a bacterium. Together with venture capitalist Robert Swanson, Boyer set up Genentech, one of the first genetic engineering companies. Just a few years later, on the other side of the Atlantic, in Leuven, Désiré Collen discovered t-PA, the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis, or the dissolving of blood clots. Clogged arteries were then still one of the major causes of death. The ensuing cooperation between Collen and Genentech was the beginning of a long-lasting success story, from which not only Collen but also scientific research and the University of Leuven benefitted greatly for many years. According to a Reuters ranking, KU Leuven has been, from 2016 onwards, the most innovative university in Europe. Flanders and Belgium served as the cradle of several highly successful biotech companies. t-PA was a relatively expensive medicine, and Collen went on to develop a much cheaper clot-dissolving remedy to benefit patients in less affluent countries. He failed, however, to find the necessary finances for Phase 3 trials. Meanwhile, he had set up ThromboGenics, a company which later specialized in ophthalmology. Collen continued to stimulate and finance research in other fields, such as the cardiovascular research of Peter Carmeliet. In 2013 he left ThromboGenics, following a difference in views on the company’s focus, and in 2015 he set up Fund+, a biotech-oriented investment firm. Fund+ has meanwhile acquired a prominent place among European biotech investment funds and has scored some astonishing early successes. In June 2020, Fund+ had 13 companies in its portfolio, with several more waiting to come on board.

The Sound of Innovation

Download The Sound of Innovation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026202876X
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sound of Innovation by : Andrew J. Nelson

Download or read book The Sound of Innovation written by Andrew J. Nelson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-03-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a team of musicians, engineers, computer scientists, and psychologists developed computer music as an academic field and ushered in the era of digital music. In the 1960s, a team of Stanford musicians, engineers, computer scientists, and psychologists used computing in an entirely novel way: to produce and manipulate sound and create the sonic basis of new musical compositions. This group of interdisciplinary researchers at the nascent Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA, pronounced “karma”) helped to develop computer music as an academic field, invent the technologies that underlie it, and usher in the age of digital music. In The Sound of Innovation, Andrew Nelson chronicles the history of CCRMA, tracing its origins in Stanford's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory through its present-day influence on Silicon Valley and digital music groups worldwide. Nelson emphasizes CCRMA's interdisciplinarity, which stimulates creativity at the intersections of fields; its commitment to open sharing and users; and its pioneering commercial engagement. He shows that Stanford's outsized influence on the emergence of digital music came from the intertwining of these three modes, which brought together diverse supporters with different aims around a field of shared interest. Nelson thus challenges long-standing assumptions about the divisions between art and science, between the humanities and technology, and between academic research and commercial applications, showing how the story of a small group of musicians reveals substantial insights about innovation. Nelson draws on extensive archival research and dozens of interviews with digital music pioneers; the book's website provides access to original historic documents and other material.

Science at the Bar

Download Science at the Bar PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674039122
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Science at the Bar by : Sheila Jasanoff

Download or read book Science at the Bar written by Sheila Jasanoff and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues spawned by the headlong pace of developments in science and technology fill the courts. How should we deal with frozen embryos and leaky implants, dangerous chemicals, DNA fingerprints, and genetically engineered animals? The realm of the law, to which beleaguered people look for answers, is sometimes at a loss—constrained by its own assumptions and practices, Sheila Jasanoff suggests. This book exposes American law’s long-standing involvement in constructing, propagating, and perpetuating a variety of myths about science and technology. Science at the Bar is the first book to examine in detail how two powerful American institutions—both seekers after truth—interact with each other. Looking at cases involving product liability, medical malpractice, toxic torts, genetic engineering, and life and death, Jasanoff argues that the courts do not simply depend on scientific findings for guidance—they actually influence the production of science and technology at many different levels. Research is conducted and interpreted to answer legal questions. Experts are selected to be credible on the witness stand. Products are redesigned to reduce the risk of lawsuits. At the same time the courts emerge here as democratizing agents in disputes over the control and deployment of new technologies, advancing and sustaining a public dialogue about the limits of expertise. Jasanoff shows how positivistic views of science and the law often prevent courts from realizing their full potential as centers for a progressive critique of science and technology. With its lucid analysis of both scientific and legal modes of reasoning, and its recommendations for scholars and policymakers, this book will be an indispensable resource for anyone who hopes to understand the changing configurations of science, technology, and the law in our litigious society.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Download Innovation and Entrepreneurship PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317802098
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovation and Entrepreneurship by : Charles H. Matthews

Download or read book Innovation and Entrepreneurship written by Charles H. Matthews and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-12 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new model, the competency framework, for students, innovators, entrepreneurs, managers, and anyone who wants to better understand the dynamic world of innovation and entrepreneurship. Focused on both the individual and strategic organizational level, this book is about people and the competencies each person needs to learn to be successful in creating a more dynamic future. Matthews and Brueggemann’s framework for innovation and entrepreneurship competencies empowers individuals to excel at innovation and new venture creation. It provides a practical guide and clear and concise understanding of the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and experiences that are needed to increase imagination, creativity, innovation and new venture creation capability. Innovation and Entrepreneurship will be attractive for students of entrepreneurship, innovation, management and cross-disciplinary classes, such as design thinking. Presented in a modular format, Innovation & Entrepreneurship informs the future direction of people and technology, as well as the educational systems producing the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs. Based on extensive academic research, this book is organized into two sections: Twelve innovation elements and twelve competency categories. The elements are the foundation and the competency categories are the building blocks that inform our path toward a more precise understanding of how innovation and entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic development and our daily lives.