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Author : Johanna Buchstaller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (853 download)
Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling of Neural Crest Cells and Developing Schwann Cells written by Johanna Buchstaller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian L. Nelms
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 161504048X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Author : Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814343803
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Neural Crest Stem Cells written by Maya Sieber-Blum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.
Author : Nicole Le Douarin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521620109
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (21 download)
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Author : Brian K. Hall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387098461
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)
Download or read book The Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells in Vertebrate Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124078907
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Neural Crest and Placodes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Crest and Placodes provides in-depth coverage of the topic, including information on their critical role in vertebrate development, evolution, and the way defects in their development underlie a wide range of congenital disorders. It delves deep into advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation, migration, and differentiation of these two cell populations, also discussing their integration during embryonic development. The text highlights the application of fundamental knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders and the ways the data applies to the field of regenerative medicine. Written by leading experts in the field Includes descriptions of the most recent advances in the field Highlights the applications of this knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders Explores their usage in the field of regenerative medicine
Author : Rebecca Lynn Cunningham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book From Schwann Cells to Melanoma written by Rebecca Lynn Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural crest cells (NCCs) possess the unique potential to give rise to a great variety of cell types within vertebrates. Proper NCC development is critical for survival, thus defects in specification and differentiation result in a range of neurocristopathies, which can severely impact human health. This dissertation focuses on the development and diseases of two NCC-derived cell types: Schwann cells and melanocytes. Schwann cells are the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin, a lipid-rich, multi-membrane structure, is necessary for the efficient function and health of the jawed vertebrate nervous system. The importance of myelin in human health is underscored by debilitating neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Melanocytes are pigment producing cells that provide protection from deleterious UV-induced DNA damage, and positioning of melanocytes in the skin results in the wide array of pigmentation patterns among vertebrates. Failure of proper melanocyte development can lead to skin pigmentation diseases, such as Waardenburg-Shah syndrome. Additionally, inappropriate reactivation of developmental programs in melanocytes can contribute to melanoma skin cancer. The study of the development and disease of both Schwann cells and melanocytes has been greatly facilitated by the power of the zebrafish model. Chapter 1 details the common developmental origins of Schwann cells and melanocytes from the neural crest and introduces key experimental features of zebrafish used in this dissertation.Chapter 2 documents published work that examines a peripheral myelin mutant, dock1stl145, identified from a large-scale forward genetic screen in zebrafish designed to identify novel regulators of myelination. dock1 encodes a highly conserved atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac1, a Rho GTPase that is necessary for Schwann cell radial sorting and actin dynamics. The stl145 mutant contains an early stop codon in the Rac1 binding domain of Dock1. Therefore, we hypothesized that dock1 is necessary for proper radial sorting by Schwann cells and cytoskeletal dynamics. During radial sorting, Schwann cells extend processes into an axon bundle to select an axon to myelinate, requiring elaborate changes to cell shape. Once an axon is selected, a Schwann cell then extends its membrane to wrap the axon to form the myelin sheath. How these dramatic cell shape changes occur and how the actin cytoskeleton behaves in Schwann cells is still not well understood. We therefore utilized a series of dock1 mutants to better understand a potential intracellular regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in Schwann cells. Characterization of dock1 mutants revealed delays in mature myelin gene expression by whole mount in situ hybridization. Examination of the myelin ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy found a reduction in the number of sorted and myelinated axons, indicative of radial sorting delays. We also performed the first in vivo live-imaging of the F-actin cytoskeleton in migrating Schwann cells, which did not reveal migration defects in mutant Schwann cells, suggesting that dock1 functions at the transition between when a Schwann cell stops migrating and begins radial sorting. These data inform our limited understanding of the role of GEFs during Schwann cell development and myelination.Chapter 3 investigates epigenetic regulators of melanocyte development and cancer of melanocytes, termed melanoma. Melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, continues to rise in incidence. Therefore, defining initiating steps of melanoma is of utmost significance. A critical step in melanoma initiation is the expression of a neural crest program, including upregulation of the neural crest transcription factor, Sox10. We hypothesize that epigenetic regulation of sox10 may be critical for re-establishing neural crest identity in melanoma initiation because of its vital role in NCC development and melanoma initiation and maintenance. Thus, using ATAC-seq analysis to profile open regions of chromatin in zebrafish melanoma tumors, we identified regulatory regions near the sox10 locus in zebrafish for a role in melanoma initiation. Activity of these sox10 putative enhancers in NCCs and melanoma was tested in a melanoma zebrafish model. Generation of stable transgenic lines for top candidate sox10 regulatory elements enabled further characterization of embryonic neural crest expression patterns and activity of these putative enhancer elements in melanoma. One element (termed peak5) derived from a region ~22.8 kb upstream of the sox10 transcriptional start site drives EGFP reporter expression in a subset of embryonic neural crest and Kolmer-Agduhr neurons, as well as specifically in early melanoma precursor lesions and tumors. Within peak5, we identified a region conserved across members of the Cyprinidae family (a family of freshwater fish) that is required for peak5 neural crest activity, and hypothesize it may function as a critical enhancer in driving sox10 expression during melanomagenesis. Within this conserved region, dimeric SoxE binding sites are necessary for peak5 activity. To test the endogenous function of peak5 in melanoma initiation, we generated several CRISPR-mediated deletion alleles, which we continue to analyze. Together, these data enhance our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms that drive the re-emergence of neural crest identity in melanoma.Collectively, this dissertation harnesses the power of the zebrafish model to deepen our understanding of Schwann cell development and melanocyte development and disease. While Schwann cells and melanocytes are derived from a common precursor, the studies within this dissertation highlight how the unique traits and functions of neural crest derived cells are influenced by both intracellular proteins and cis»-regulators in the genome. Understanding how coding and non-coding regions of the genome guide NCC development and contribute to the malfunction of neural crest derived cells in disease can provide a basic foundation to inform treatment of human neurocristopathies.
Author : John Barton Furness
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Author : Brian K. Hall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475730640
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. The book also considers what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A, and includes discussions of tumours and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.
Author : Katherine Elliott
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047071834X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Development of the Autonomic Nervous System written by Katherine Elliott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Author : Heinz Redl
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319088303
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (883 download)
Download or read book Cell Engineering and Regeneration written by Heinz Redl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work presents the origins of cells for tissue engineering and regeneration, including primary cells, tissue-specific stem cells, pluripotent stem cells and trans-differentiated or reprogrammed cells. There is particular emphasis on current understanding of tissue regeneration based on embryology and evolution studies, including mechanisms of amphibian regeneration. The book covers the use of autologous versus allogeneic cell sources, as well as various procedures used for cell isolation and cell pre-conditioning , such as cell sorting, biochemical and biophysical pre-conditioning, transfection and aggregation. It also presents cell modulation using growth factors, molecular factors, epigenetic approaches, changes in biophysical environment, cellular co-culture and other elements of the cellular microenvironment. The pathways of cell delivery are discussed with respect to specific clinical situations, including delivery of ex vivo manipulated cells via local and systemic routes, as well as activation and migration of endogenous reservoirs of reparative cells. The volume concludes with an in-depth discussion of the tracking of cells in vivo and their various regenerative activities inside the body, including differentiation, new tissue formation and actions on other cells by direct cell-to-cell communication and by secretion of biomolecules.
Author : Alexei Verkhratsky
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118402057
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)
Download or read book Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973481
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Author : Olivier Binda
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012802609X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Chromatin Signaling and Diseases written by Olivier Binda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling
Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331964789X
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book An Illustrated Terminologia Neuroanatomica written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is unique in that it provides the reader with the most up-to-date terminology used to describe the human nervous system (central and peripheral) and the related sensory organs, i.e., the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA), the official terminology of the IFAA (International Federation of Associations of Anatomists). The book provides a succinct but detailed review of the neuroanatomical structures of the human body and will greatly benefit not only various specialists such as (neuro)anatomists, neurologists and neuroscientists, but also students taking neuroanatomy and neuroscience courses. The book offers a high yield, combined presentation of neuroanatomical illustrations and text and provides the reader a ‘one-stop source’ for studying the intricacies of the human nervous system and its sensory organs. It includes an alphabetical list of official English terms and synonyms with the official Latin terms and synonyms from the TNA. With regard to the entries, the name of the item in standardized English is provided, followed by synonyms and the official TNA Latin term, Latin synonyms and eponyms, a short description and in many cases one or more illustrations. To facilitate the use of illustrations, certain entries such as the gyri or sulci of the cerebral cortex are presented together with extensive cross-references. Terms that form part of a certain structure (such as the amygdaloid body, the thalamus and the hypothalamus) are listed under the respective structure. Segments and branches of arteries are discussed under the main artery, for example the A1–A5 segments under the anterior cerebral artery. Most nerves can be found following their origin from the brachial, cervical and lumbosacral plexuses. However, the major nerves of the limbs are discussed separately, as are the cranial nerves. Nuclei can be found by their English name or under Nuclei by their eponym.
Author : Irving M. Shapiro
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586032401
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (324 download)
Download or read book The Growth Plate written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence generated by a number of genetic studies indicates that growth is regulated by a number of genes and that interference with their expression can have catastrophic effects on the well being of the whole organism. This work covers skeletal development and growth.
