Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

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Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041486
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System by : Peter R. Kvietys

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal mucosal defense system serves to minimize mucosal injury by either ingested or endogenously produced noxious substances. The mucosal defense system is stratified into pre-epithelial (alkaline mucus), epithelial (dynamic epithelial lining), and post-epithelial (microcirculation) components. The mucus lining the epithelial surface presents a diffusional barrier to ingested material (e.g., lipids) and also serves as an unstirred layer in which a pH gradient can be established to prevent acid-induced injury. The epithelial lining prevents entrance of any toxic material to the interstitium and, should it be damaged, it is rapidly resealed by migration of adjacent viable epithelial cells to cover the defect. Any acid or other material that has entered the interstitium is washed out by an intense neurogenic hyperemia. In general, the mucosal defense system is quite effective and any adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with the normal course of nutrient assimilation are minimal. However, there are two situations in which the mucosal defense system is known to be ineffective and result in gastric mucosal injury: inadvertent ingestion of H. pylori. or intentional ingestion of NSAIDs. H. pylori can penetrate the mucus layers and cause epithelial injury and inflammation, while at the same time preventing its clearance by the host immune system. NSAIDs weaken the mucus layer and cause epithelial cell injury. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction / The Mucus Layer / Epithelial Lining / Gastrointestinal Circulation / Integration of Mucosal Defense / Mucosal Defense System: Physiologic / Mucosal Defense System: H. pylori / Mucosal Defense System: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) / Overall Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biographies

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041176
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys

Download or read book The Gastrointestinal Circulation written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

Janeway's Immunobiology

Author : Kenneth Murphy
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 9780815344575
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy

Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth

Author : Rao N. Jaladanki
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047352
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth by : Rao N. Jaladanki

Download or read book Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth written by Rao N. Jaladanki and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.

Handbook of Mucosal Immunology

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323138527
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Mucosal Immunology by :

Download or read book Handbook of Mucosal Immunology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have recently made tremendous progress in the area of mucosal immunology, greatly increasing our understanding of the common mucosal immune system, mucosal infections, and oral immunization. However, thisresearch has not previously been made available in a single work. In its large 81/2"x 11"format, Handbook of Mucosal Immunology covers the entire spectrum of mucosal immunity and is organized in two main sections to present the basic biology of the common mucosal immune system and the immune responses of the mucosae.The first section provides an introduction and historical perspective of the mucosal immune system and includes comprehensive discussion of the development and physiology of mucosal defense. It discusses such topics as the structure and function of themucosal epithelium, characteristics of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), Peyers patches, and concepts of mucosal vaccines. The second section focuses on the secretory immune system with special reference to mucosal diseases in the digestive (GALT), respiratory (BALT), and genitourinary tracts. This information is especially important in light of the current interest in the mechanisms, transmission, and prevention of infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis.Virtually all chapters have been authored by the original investigators responsible for key observations on which current concepts are based. This handbook will be an invaluable resource for a diverse group of both researchers and practicing clinicians.Molecular biologists, immunologists, veterinarians, public health workers, physicians in specialties from pediatrics to pulmonology, and graduate students of mucosal immunology will all find this handbook the most complete work on the subject.

Immunophysiology of the Gut

Author : W. Allan Walker
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483273490
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunophysiology of the Gut by : W. Allan Walker

Download or read book Immunophysiology of the Gut written by W. Allan Walker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Nutrition Symposia, Volume 11: Immunophysiology of the Gut represents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the immunophysiology of the gut, compiling research that integrates the mucosal immune system and intestinal physiology. This book discusses the immunological regulation of epithelial function, fibroblastic sheath, pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, and gastric response to mucosal anaphylaxis. The implications for inflammatory diarrhea, role of breast milk in neonatal host defense, and milk-borne peptide growth factors in human and bovine milk are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the immunopathologic features of celiac disease, immune responses in protein-energy malnutrition, and bacterial translocation. This volume is suitable for experts and clinicians from the disciplines of mucosal immunology, intestinal physiology, and enteric neurophysiology.

Gastrointestinal Defence Mechanisms

Author : Gy. Mózsik
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483190188
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Defence Mechanisms by : Gy. Mózsik

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Defence Mechanisms written by Gy. Mózsik and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Physiological Sciences, Volume 29: Gastrointestinal Defence Mechanisms is a collection of papers that details the findings of research studies on the theoretical and practical aspects of the gastrointestinal defense mechanisms. The title first covers circulation and mucosal defense, and then proceeds to tackling the association of gastrointestinal mechanisms with the secretory functions. Next, the selection deals with the resistance in gastric mucosa and mucosal energy provision. The text also discusses cell renewal and toxicity, along with biotransformation and nutrition. In Part VII, the title details the immunomechanisms of defense at mucosa. The last part covers the second line defense at liver and enterohepatic circulation. The book will of great interest to both researchers and practitioners of medical fields concerned with the digestive system.

Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Author : Paola Tonino
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533073756
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastritis and Gastric Cancer by : Paola Tonino

Download or read book Gastritis and Gastric Cancer written by Paola Tonino and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive overview of invited contributions on Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. The first part of the book covers topics related to the pathophysiology of gastric mucosal defense system and gastritis including the gastroprotective function of the mucus, the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves and the oxidative stress pathway involved in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in H. pylori related gastritis. The next chapters deal with molecular pathogenesis and treatment, which consider the role of neuroendocrine cells in gastric disease, DNA methylation in H. pylori infection, the role of antioxidants and phytotherapy in gastric disease. The final part presents the effects of cancer risk factors associated with H. pylori infection. These chapters discuss the serum pepsinogen test, K-ras mutations, cell kinetics, and H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, as well as the roles of several bacterial genes (cagA, cagT, vacA and dupA) as virulence factors in gastric cancer, and the gastrokine-1 protein in cancer progression.

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041176
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys

Mucosal Immune Defense: Immunoglobulin A

Author : Charlotte S. Kaetzel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387722319
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Mucosal Immune Defense: Immunoglobulin A by : Charlotte S. Kaetzel

Download or read book Mucosal Immune Defense: Immunoglobulin A written by Charlotte S. Kaetzel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This key work in the field draws on a broad spectrum of molecular biologic, biochemical, and immunogenetic approaches in combination with human and murine in vitro cell culture and in vivo model systems to address questions in mucosal immunity. Humans produce more immunoglobulin A (IgA) than all other antibody isotypes combined. This book is designed to serve as a concise reference of the present knowledge of the biology of IgA.

Principles of Mucosal Immunology

Author : Phillip Smith
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 1000754499
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Mucosal Immunology by : Phillip Smith

Download or read book Principles of Mucosal Immunology written by Phillip Smith and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This respected graduate-level textbook provides comprehensive and accessible coverage of the basic and clinical aspects of the mucosal immune system, addressing the major components of the mucosal barrier ̶ gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory, ocular, and genitourinary mucosal immune systems ̶ in a highly user-friendly style. The editors of and contributors to the book, all internationally-recognized leaders, present the current principles, concepts, and basic processes involved in mucosal immunology, mucosal diseases, and host defense at mucosal surfaces. Topics discussed include the development and structure of the mucosal immune system and its cellular constituents, host-microbe relationships, infection, mucosal diseases, and vaccines. The second edition has been carefully updated throughout to reflect the latest developments from clinical research and key literature has been fully updated.

Geriatric Gastroenterology

Author : C. S. Pitchumoni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916237
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Geriatric Gastroenterology by : C. S. Pitchumoni

Download or read book Geriatric Gastroenterology written by C. S. Pitchumoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.

Mucosal Vaccines

Author : Hiroshi Kiyono
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537057
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Mucosal Vaccines by : Hiroshi Kiyono

Download or read book Mucosal Vaccines written by Hiroshi Kiyono and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases Unique and user-friendly organization

Essentials of Mucosal Immunology

Author : Martin F. Kagnoff
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080531245
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Mucosal Immunology by : Martin F. Kagnoff

Download or read book Essentials of Mucosal Immunology written by Martin F. Kagnoff and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-08-01 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Mucosal Immunology presents basic concepts as well as new and exciting advances in mucosal immunology and inflammation, the development of mucosal vaccines, and the role of the immune system in mucosal disease. Specific chapters highlight novel approaches to the treatment of autoimmune disease, including the use of oral tolerance; approaches to and vectors for new vaccines; and current concepts in mucosal inflammation and its role in inflammatory bowel disease and ulcer disease. Contains the most current research on mucosal immunology and is comprehensive in scope Includes ideal coverage of both the basic and clinical aspects of the mucosal immune system Provides an understanding of the mucosal immune system with regard to new treatments and preventative methods, including vaccine development Includes contributions from an international team of experts

Heat Shock Response and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense

Author : Niku K. J. Oksala
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789517813433
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Shock Response and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense by : Niku K. J. Oksala

Download or read book Heat Shock Response and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense written by Niku K. J. Oksala and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Diet, immunity and inflammation

Author : P. Brandtzaeg
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128086947
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Diet, immunity and inflammation by : P. Brandtzaeg

Download or read book Diet, immunity and inflammation written by P. Brandtzaeg and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestinal immune system has generated two arms of adaptive anti-inflammatory defense which normally preserve the epithelial barrier: (i) immune exclusion performed by secretory IgA (SIgA) (and SIgM) antibodies to control surface colonization of micro-organisms and dampen penetration of potentially harmful antigens; and (ii) suppressive mechanisms to avoid hypersensitivity to innocuous antigens, particularly food proteins and the commensal microbiota. The latter phenomenon (‘oral tolerance’) largely depends on regulatory T (Treg) cells induced in mesenteric lymph nodes to which mucosal dendritic cells carry exogenous antigens and become conditioned for stimulation of Treg cells. Polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR/SC) knock-out mice that lack SIgA and SIgM show decreased epithelial barrier function and increased uptake of antigens from food and commensal bacteria. They therefore have a hyper-reactive immune system which is counteracted by enhanced intestinal tolerance induction as a homeostatic back-up mechanism.

Mucosal T Cells

Author : Thomas T. MacDonald
Publisher : S Karger Ag
ISBN 13 : 9783805567220
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (672 download)

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Book Synopsis Mucosal T Cells by : Thomas T. MacDonald

Download or read book Mucosal T Cells written by Thomas T. MacDonald and published by S Karger Ag. This book was released on 1998 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are more T cells in the gastrointestinal tract and lung than in the rest of the body combined. The aim of this book is to cover all the important aspects of the biology of these cells in animals and in man. Basic observations are described as well as disease states where aberrant activation of mucosal T cells causes tissue damage. The continuing discovery of features of mucosal T cells which make them different from T cells in the periphery is a consistent theme throughout the text. Topics discussed include new developments in understanding why the characteristic response of mucosal T cells to soluble antigens is tolerance, the role of the gut epithelium in intestinal immunity, the molecular basis by which T cells home to the gut mucosa, the functions of gammadelta T cells, the discovery of a new lymphoid organ - the cryptopatch - in the mouse gut, and the remarkable oligoclonality of the alphabeta and gammadelta T cells in the gut epithelium. In more disease-related sections, the way in which T cells play a role in asthma and protection from parasite infection, and how they cause inflammatory bowel disease in man and animals are described. Providing an excellent survey of the field, this book is a valuable resource for both basic scientists and clinicians interested in intestinal immunology and gastrointestinal disease.