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Gas Tentacles Russian Domination Of European Gas Markets
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Book Synopsis Gas Tentacles. Russian Domination of European Gas Markets by : Harel Tanjong
Download or read book Gas Tentacles. Russian Domination of European Gas Markets written by Harel Tanjong and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, , language: English, abstract: This report examines the geopolitical situation between Europe and the Russian Federation. Observers have noted the tepidness of some European nations to oppose Russian interest. We believe this is due to Russia’s comparative advantage in the energy sector, specifically Natural Gas. This resource, abundant in Russia, is the cornerstone of European energy use especially for nations of the former Soviet Union, creating economic pressure for them to agree to Russian demands. Being an abundant and relatively clean resource, natural gas is a preferred source of energy. Control of Russian supplies is dominated by state-owned Gazprom, which is the largest company in the country and exerts significant influence in the Russian Government. This report will also examine solutions for Europe’s energy independence and security through strategies such as anti-trust action and new investments in domestic production.
Book Synopsis The Globalization of Russian Gas by : James Henderson
Download or read book The Globalization of Russian Gas written by James Henderson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Gazprom has dominated the Russian gas industry. However, the markets in which it operates have changed dramatically, with the company increasingly being challenged at home and abroad. At this critical moment, this insightful book analyses the involvement of the Russian gas industry in the changing international gas market and the dramatic implications for Russia’s role as a global supplier of gas in the future.
Book Synopsis The Future of Russian Gas and Gazprom by : Jonathan P. Stern
Download or read book The Future of Russian Gas and Gazprom written by Jonathan P. Stern and published by Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. This book was released on 2005 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russian gas industry provides 50% of Russian domestic energy supplies, a substantial proportion of CIS gas supplies, and around 20% of European gas demand. Declines in production at existing fields mean that Gazprom will face increasingly difficult decisions about moving to higher cost fields on the Yamal Peninsula. The alternative will be increasing imports from Central Asian countries and allowing other Russian gas producers to increase their role in the industry. Russian exports to Europe will gradually increase and deliveries of Russian LNG will commence to Asia and the both coasts of North America. Pipeline gas deliveries to East Asian countries may have a longer time horizon. Export projects aimed at new markets will depend crucially on the maintenance of (oil and) gas prices at the levels of 2003-05. European exports will also depend on the pace of EU market liberalisation and Gazprom's ability to agree mutually acceptable terms for transit, principally with Ukraine and Belarus. Reform, liberalisation and restructuring of the Russian gas industry have been more substantial than has generally been recognised. Most important has been price reform which, in 2005, allowed Russian industrial customers to become profitable to serve at regulated prices. Price increases may significantly reduce future increases in domestic gas demand. The increasing need for production from companies other than Gazprom will ensure that liberalised access to networks expands considerably over the next decade. In the 2000s, Gazprom reclaimed its CIS gas business from intermediaries, while maintaining its de facto monopoly of exports to Europe and establishing a similar degree of authority over future exports to Asia. The merger of Gazprom and Rosneft will provide the potential to become a force in the domestic and international oil markets, particularly given the authority that the president has conferred on the company in terms of Russian energy policy.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas As an Instrument of Russian State Power by : Alexander Ghaleb
Download or read book Natural Gas As an Instrument of Russian State Power written by Alexander Ghaleb and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The slow re-emergence of Russia as a world power despite its weak military force is of critical significance for the strategic interests of the United States in Europe. Since the Cold War, Russia has been perceived as a broken nation that no longer represents a threat to the North Atlantic Alliance. This monograph emphasizes that Russia overcame this major vulnerability by developing the capacity to use unilateral economic sanctions in the form of gas pricing and gas disruptions against many European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states. It agrees with many scholars and politicians alike who fear that Russia will leverage its monopoly of natural gas to gain political concessions. The author suggests it is only a matter of time until Russia will use natural gas as an instrument of coercion to disrupt NATO's decisionmaking process. A key aim of this monograph is to explain why the rapid global transition from oil to natural gas will redefine the way policymakers and strategic security scholars look at the scarcity of natural gas in Europe. What is unique about this monograph is that it analyzes the oil and gas markets separately and illustrates, with examples, why in Europe natural gas is a more potent instrument of coercion than oil. Despite these revelations, only 1 month after the German Government announced its plans to abandon nuclear power by 2022, in July 2011 German Chancellor Angela Merkel disclosed that Germany will need to import more Russian natural gas to make up for the loss of over 10 gigawatts of generation capacity. Almost simultaneously, Germany's largest energy utilities group, RWE, and the Russian state-controlled gas giv vi ant, Gazprom, have agreed to form a strategic partnership. The author argues that situations like these create a delicate state of affairs that will ultimately undermine the de facto power of NATO in the contemporary security environment, particularly vis-�vis Russia, unless the dependency on Russian natural gas is promptly addressed.
Book Synopsis Transnational Gas Markets and Euro-Russian Energy Relations by : Andrei V. Belyi
Download or read book Transnational Gas Markets and Euro-Russian Energy Relations written by Andrei V. Belyi and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books analyses how transnational gas markets have evolved and impacted on EU-Russia energy relations. It examines how the political conflict surrounding Ukraine has accelerated a negative interdependence in the region, with energy interdependence increasingly used as an instrument of diplomacy.
Book Synopsis The Russian Natural Gas "bubble" by : Jonathan P. Stern
Download or read book The Russian Natural Gas "bubble" written by Jonathan P. Stern and published by Royal Institute of International Affairs. This book was released on 1995 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report looks at the availability of Russian gas for export into Europe up to 2010. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the author suggests that a 'bubble' of low cost gas, arising from reduced internal demand and exports to former Soviet republics, will allow Russian exports to Europe to be doubled over the next 15 years. This increase can be achieved without any significant contribution from new gas deposits, other than satellites of fields currently in production. This availability of relatively low cost gas will have profound consequences on European gas markets. Significant availability of low cost gas, plus Russian determination to create an additional 60 BCM of transmission capacity to bring the bubble into Europe, will provide an important impetus for gas-to-gas competition and general liberalisation of European gas markets. The bubble of Russian gas already exists. When the new pipeline export corridor is created through Belarus and Poland - through which gas is expected to start flowing in 1997 - the conditions may be created for serious downward pressure on prices and gas-to-gas competition in Europe.
Book Synopsis South East Europe Gas Markets by : Julian Bowden
Download or read book South East Europe Gas Markets written by Julian Bowden and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years Russian domination of SE Europe's gas imports meant it was regarded as “Russia's market”. In the last 3 years, however, much new infrastructure has been commissioned, which has enabled the region to diversify its import mix and significantly change its gas flow patterns. TAP brings in Azeri pipeline gas, start-up of Croatia LNG and higher utilisation of Greece's Revithoussa has brought more LNG to the region, and opening of the Greece-Bulgaria interconnector has improved onward gas distribution. Turk Stream start-up has also opened potential opportunity for the now empty Trans Balkan pipeline system to be utilised for different gas flows. The purpose of this paper is to describe these infrastructure developments and consequent changes to gas supply flow patterns, and to assess what further change there might be as other planned infrastructure projects are completed over the next 5 years. There is also the Black Sea upstream, with Romania's Neptun deep awaiting FID and Turkey's Sakarya field about to produce its first gas in 2023, both of which can add new gas to the supply picture. The central question is whether, as a result of these investments, the region can have a non-Russian gas supply future. The conclusion is that sufficient capacity is almost in place to import and distribute enough alternative volume to replace the Russian imports - assuming of course that this other supply is available and at an acceptable price. There are other emerging possibilities also: there will be pricing and hub evolution implications from the greater interconnectivity and supply diversity; Greece can emerge as the LNG gateway for the region; a stronger sense of region should position it better for the net zero campaign, where the first priority must be the removal of lignite from SE Europe's energy mix.
Book Synopsis Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas by : Marshall European Center for Security Studies
Download or read book Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas written by Marshall European Center for Security Studies and published by . This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues that the European Union must take decisive action to diversify its future energy needs away from Russian natural gas. Paradoxically, the EU's energy policy is more strategically forward-thinking and global community-minded than that of any major power, while at the same time it is mired in the parochialism of the different views of its member states. Admirably, it is the world's spokesperson for a rational policy that concerns itself with not only global climate change, but also the need for a long-term gradual weaning from hydrocarbons to renewable sources of energy. Unfortunately, the strategy of some member states to meet energy needs over the next 30-40 years, during what will be a likely be a dramatic transition period in the evolution of energy technology, seems to be based on the premise that Russia is not only mutually dependent on its European partners, but also will continue to act in a reliable manner and not exploit its increasing monopoly position, particularly in the natural gas markets. This would be an unwise policy to follow, even if Russia were the most liberal of democracies. Given Russia's uncertain future, and the demonstrated fact that it has been systematically reorganizing the entire Eurasian gas market from production all the way down to local distribution under its state-controlled agent, Gazprom, it is totally unrealistic to expect benign treatment from such a monopoly. Topics and subjects covered include: Gazprom, Putin, Ukraine, Sakhalin, Nord Stream, Rosneft, Yukos, RosUkrEnergo, Pipelines, LNG, NEGP The European Union 27 currently rely on Russia for almost 38% of their imported natural gas; this dependency will become significantly greater if European states implement their currently formulated energy policies. With plans to phase out nuclear power in several European countries, the EU goal to reduce coal consumption thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of domestic sources of gas, reliance on Russia will rise to 50 to 60% of all gas imports within the next two decades if different energy policies are not adopted. The EU and greater Europe will soon find themselves in an extremely dangerous position due to the ever-increasing dependence on Russian natural gas. These countries must work together now to produce a coherent diversification strategy. Chapter 1 - Russian and the European Natural Gas Market * Introduction * Why Natural Gas is so critical in the Energy Mix * Fragmentation of Pricing and the European Natural Gas Market * Europe's Increasing Reliance on Imported Hydrocarbons * Europe's Energy Dependence on Russia * The Effect on the European Market of Opening Pipelines to China * Russian Gas versus Oil * The Possibility of a Gas Cartel * Chapter 2 - Gazprom and the Russian Strategy * Gazprom * Putin, Politics, and Gazprom * Ukraine - An Example * Permission to Monopolize the Market * Sakhalin 2 * Kovykta * Gazprom's Distribution Portfolio and the Energy Charter * Russian Imperial Thinking * Chapter 3 - Counter Arguments * China - Not a Desirable Partner * A New Energy Source * Control of Central Asian Gas Supplies to Europe * Russia will not Produce * Chapter 4 - Recommendations * Diversification of Gas Imports - Pipelines: * The Nord Stream as an Example of the EU's Lack of Solidarity * A Trans Caspian Sea Gas Pipeline * Pipelines from North Africa * Diversification of Gas Imports - LNG * Diversification of Types of Energy * Renewables * Nuclear Power * "Clean Coal" and other New Technologies * Investment in Power Generation outside the EU * Conclusions
Book Synopsis Natural Gas as an Instrument of Russian State Power (Letort Paper) by : Alexander Ghaleb
Download or read book Natural Gas as an Instrument of Russian State Power (Letort Paper) written by Alexander Ghaleb and published by . This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is meant to provide an unbiased examination of: the scarcity of natural gas in the contemporary security environment; the salience of natural gas in Russia's national security strategies; and, the natural gas pipeline politics in Eastern and Central Europe. While the tendency of most energy security scholars has been to collectively analyze Europe's dependency on oil and gas, this author analyzes the two energy markets separately, and demonstrates that natural gas is a more potent instrument of coercion in the contemporary security environment than oil was in the traditional security environment. Sufficient evidence is also provided that Russia continues to perceive NATO as a hostile alliance, and that future natural gas disruption by Russia-who holds a monopoly on the supply of natural gas via pipeline to Eastern and Central Europe-will prove deadly to the economies of many NATO member states. The salience of natural gas as an instrument of state power is emphasized in Russia's negotiations with Ukraine; this monograph credits the 2006 and 2009 gas wars between the two nations as the main causes for the failure of the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. Ultimately, today, Russia uses the same tools it used in Ukraine-in the context of natural gas negotiations-to bribe Western European nations; to divide the NATO Alliance; and to rule over its traditional sphere of influence in Eastern and Central Europe. Finally, the author emphasizes that with the Russian construction of Nord Stream and South Stream natural gas pipelines, and unless alternatives to Russian natural gas are found, it is only a matter of time until Russia will use natural gas as an instrument of coercion against NATO member states.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas as an Instrument of Russian State Power [Enlarged Edition] by : Alexander Ghaleb
Download or read book Natural Gas as an Instrument of Russian State Power [Enlarged Edition] written by Alexander Ghaleb and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas: Perspectives and Recommendations for a Long-term Strategy by : Richard J. Anderson
Download or read book Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas: Perspectives and Recommendations for a Long-term Strategy written by Richard J. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bridge written by Thane Gustafson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Marginal Revolution Best Book of the Year Winner of the Shulman Book Prize A noted expert on Russian energy argues that despite Europe’s geopolitical rivalries, natural gas and deals based on it unite Europe’s nations in mutual self-interest. Three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet empire, the West faces a new era of East–West tensions. Any vision of a modern Russia integrated into the world economy and aligned in peaceful partnership with a reunited Europe has abruptly vanished. Two opposing narratives vie to explain the strategic future of Europe, one geopolitical and one economic, and both center on the same resource: natural gas. In The Bridge, Thane Gustafson, an expert on Russian oil and gas, argues that the political rivalries that capture the lion’s share of media attention must be viewed alongside multiple business interests and differences in economic ideologies. With a dense network of pipelines linking Europe and Russia, natural gas serves as a bridge that unites the region through common interests. Tracking the economic and political role of natural gas through several countries—Russia and Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway—The Bridge details both its history and its likely future. As Gustafson suggests, there are reasons for optimism, but whether the “gas bridge” can ultimately survive mounting geopolitical tensions and environmental challenges remains to be seen.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas As an Instrument of Russian State Power by : Ion a Iftimie
Download or read book Natural Gas As an Instrument of Russian State Power written by Ion a Iftimie and published by . This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since the Cold War, Russia has been perceived as a broken nation that no longer represents a threat to the North Atlantic Alliance. This book emphasizes that Russia overcame this major vulnerability by developing the capacity to use unilateral economic sanctions in the form of gas pricing and gas disruptions against many European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states. It agrees with many scholars and politics alike who fear that Russia will leverage its monopoly of natural gas to gain political concessions. The author suggests it is only a matter of time until Russia will use natural gas as an instrument of coercion to disrupt NATO's decision making process." -Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. Director, Strategic Studies Institute A former Intelligence Officer, Ion A. Iftimie is an energy security expert with over one decade of successfully advising senior military, business, and government leaders on Eurasian natural gas industry and related national security issues. This is the second, revised edition.
Book Synopsis The Russian-Ukrainian Gas Dispute in 2005/2006 by : Renard Teipelke
Download or read book The Russian-Ukrainian Gas Dispute in 2005/2006 written by Renard Teipelke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-07-05 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 1,0, University of California, San Diego (Department of Political Science), course: Introduction to International Relations, language: English, abstract: Controversies surrounding the delivery of natural gas by Russia and its transfer to Europe over the Ukrainian pipeline network have been a constant feature of Russian-Ukrainian relations. In 2009, the conflict saw a major crisis when Europe was cut off from its essential Russian gas supplies. However, an analysis of the 2005/2006 gas dispute shows how this controversy already foreshadowed many of the problems that later caused the 2009 crisis (cf. Westphal). Therefore, the following discussion will be focused on the events in 2005/2006 presenting the main actors, their interests and mutual interactions. The role of institutions, outcomes of the gas dispute, and implications for the future will also be outlined.
Book Synopsis Russian Natural Gas Exports to Europe by : Eirik Lund Sagen
Download or read book Russian Natural Gas Exports to Europe written by Eirik Lund Sagen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Russian Gas Matrix by : James Henderson
Download or read book The Russian Gas Matrix written by James Henderson and published by Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the impact on the Russian gas sector of changes in international gas markets, including the growth of competition and development of new sources of supply.
Download or read book Une danse imprévue written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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