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Author : Benjamin Lewin Cardozo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book GaAs Blocked-impurity-bank Detectors for Far-infrared Astronomy written by Benjamin Lewin Cardozo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Benjamin Lewin Cardozo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book GaAs Blocked-Impurity-Band Detectors for Far-Infrared Astronomy written by Benjamin Lewin Cardozo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-purity and doped GaAs films have been grown by Liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) for development of a blocked impurity band (BIB) detector for far-infrared radiation. The film growth process developed has resulted in the capability to grow GaAs with a net active impurity concentration below 1 x 10{sup 13} cm{sup -3}, ideal for the blocking layer of the BIB detector. The growth of n-type LPE GaAs films with donor concentrations below the metal-insulator transition, as required for the absorbing layer of a BIB detector, has been achieved. The control of the donor concentration, however, was found to be insufficient for detector production. The growth by LPE of a high-purity film onto a commercially grown vapor-phase epitaxial (VPE) n-type GaAs doped absorbing layer resulted in a BIB device that showed a significant reduction in the low-temperature dark current compared to the absorbing layer only. Extended optical response was not detected, most likely due to the high compensation of the commercially grown GaAs absorbing layer, which restricts the depletion width of the device.
Download or read book Characterization of Liquid Phase Epitaxial GaAs Forblocked-impurity-band Far-infrared Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GaAs Blocked-Impurity-Band (BIB) photoconductor detectors have the potential to become the most sensitive, low noise detectors in the far-infrared below 45.5 cm−1 (220 [mu]m). We have studied the characteristics of liquid phase epitaxial GaAs films relevant to BIB production, including impurity band formation and the infrared absorption of the active section of the device. Knowledge of the far-infrared absorption spectrum as a function of donor concentration combined with variable temperature Hall effect and resistivity studies leads us to conclude that the optimal concentration for the absorbing layer of a GaAs BIB detector lies between 1 x 1015 and 6.7 x 1015 cm−3. At these concentrations there is significant wavefunction overlap which in turn leads to absorption beyond the 1s ground to 2p bound excited state transition of 35.5 cm−1 (282 [mu]m). There still remains a gap between the upper edge of the donor band and the bottom of the conduction band, a necessity for proper BIB detector operation.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Advanced Far Infrared Blocked Impurity Band Detectors Based on Germanium Liquid Phase Epitaxy written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research has shown that epilayers with residual impurity concentrations of 5 x 1013 cm−3 can be grown by producing the purest Pb available in the world. These epilayers have extremely low minority acceptor concentrations, which is ideal for fabrication of IR absorbing layers. The Pb LPE growth of Ge also has the advantageous property of gettering Cu from the epilayer and the substrate. Epilayers have been grown with intentional Sb doping for IR absorption on lightly doped substrates. This research has proven that properly working Ge BIB detectors can be fabricated from the liquid phase as long as pure enough solvents are available. The detectors have responded at proper wavelengths when reversed biased even though the response did not quite reach minimum wavenumbers. Optimization of the Sb doping concentration should further decrease the photoionization energy of these detectors. Ge BIB detectors have been fabricated that respond to 60 cm−1 with low responsivity. Through reduction of the minority residual impurities, detector performance has reached responsivities of 1 A/W. These detectors have exhibited quantum efficiency and NEP values that rival conventional photoconductors and are expected to provide a much more sensitive tool for new scientific discoveries in a number of fields, including solid state studies, astronomy, and cosmology.
Download or read book Ion Implanted Ge written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ge Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) photoconductors have the potential to replace stressed Ge:Ga photoconductors for far-infrared astronomical observations. A novel planar BIB device has been fabricated in which ion-implanted boron is used to form the blocking and absorbing layers of necessary purity and compensation. The effect of doping in the infrared active layer on the far-infrared photoconductive response has been studied, and the optimum doping concentration is found to be (almost equal to) 4 x 1016 cm−3. Devices doped near this concentration show good blocking characteristics with low dark currents. The spectral response extends to (almost equal to) 45 cm−1, clearly showing the formation of an impurity band. Under low background testing conditions these devices attain a responsivity of 0.12 A/W and NEP of 5.23 x 10−15 W/Hz−12.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (621 download)
Download or read book Modeling Low Temperature C-V Profiling in Blocked Impurity Band Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors are state-of-the-art devices to detect light in the near to mid infrared range (5-40 m). Numerical modeling of BIB detectors is performed using a four-region finite difference approach to study the role of space charge in C-V (capacitance-voltage) profiling of minority carrier doping and the role of blocking layer thickness and minority doping concentration in alternate bias operation. Compensation in the blocking layer is found to play a critical role in determining the net voltage drop in this part of the device under alternate polarity bias. The effect of space charge at the blocking layer/active layer interface on the measured low temperature C-V distribution is modeled as a function of the doping interface between the two layers. The magnitude of the space charge can cause large deviations in the measurement of minority doping concentration from the idealized case which assumes a space-charge free blocking layer and interface. Accurately determining these minority doping concentrations is a crucial step toward solving material growth challenges in proposed far infrared Ge and GaAs devices.
Author : Jonathan C. Garcia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781423586906
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (869 download)
Download or read book Alternate Configurations for Blocked Impurity Band Detectors written by Jonathan C. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors are highly efficient, radiation-hardened photodetectors that operate in the range of 5-40 m. To further extend BIB coverage to 40-350 m, Ge and GaAs BIB detectors are under development; however, these new detectors face fabrication issues that have delayed their introduction. This thesis will describe the use of a numerical model to examine alternate operating modes for GaAs BIB detectors in order to bypass current fabrication issues. The numerical simulations provide an understanding of the fundamental physics that governs detector transport. The proposed alternatives to standard operation are created by reversing the detector's bias and varying the blocking layer thickness. Modeling indicates that reversing the bias on these detectors provides a larger signal current than standard configurations, while preserving the principal benefits gained from a multilayered device. At the same time, the alternate bias configuration allows for the use of thicker blocking layers, while preserving overall detector responsivity and reducing shot noise. This proposed new model of operation should allow for the relaxation of fabrication constraints without sacrificing the inherent benefits associated with BIB detectors. These devices are of potential interest for missile defense and terahertz surveillance applications.
Author : Helmuth Spieler
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191523658
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Semiconductor Detector Systems written by Helmuth Spieler and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-08-25 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor sensors patterned at the micron scale combined with custom-designed integrated circuits have revolutionized semiconductor radiation detector systems. Designs covering many square meters with millions of signal channels are now commonplace in high-energy physics and the technology is finding its way into many other fields, ranging from astrophysics to experiments at synchrotron light sources and medical imaging. This book is the first to present a comprehensive discussion of the many facets of highly integrated semiconductor detector systems, covering sensors, signal processing, transistors and circuits, low-noise electronics, and radiation effects. The diversity of design approaches is illustrated in a chapter describing systems in high-energy physics, astronomy, and astrophysics. Finally a chapter "Why things don't work" discusses common pitfalls. Profusely illustrated, this book provides a unique reference in a key area of modern science.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-10 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ian S. McLean
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540765832
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Electronic Imaging in Astronomy written by Ian S. McLean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-17 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation describes the remarkable developments that have taken place in astronomical detectors and instrumentation in recent years – from the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD) in 1970 to the current era of very large telescopes, such as the Keck 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii with their laser guide-star adaptive optics which rival the image quality of the Hubble Space Telescope. Authored by one of the world’s foremost experts on the design and development of electronic imaging systems for astronomy, this book has been written on several levels to appeal to a broad readership. Mathematical expositions are designed to encourage a wider audience, especially among the growing community of amateur astronomers with small telescopes with CCD cameras. The book can be used at the college level for an introductory course on modern astronomical detectors and instruments, and as a supplement for a practical or laboratory class.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1604 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jacob Fraden
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387216049
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Modern Sensors written by Jacob Fraden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven years have passed since the publication of the previous edition of this book. During that time, sensor technologies have made a remarkable leap forward. The sensitivity of the sensors became higher, the dimensions became smaller, the sel- tivity became better, and the prices became lower. What have not changed are the fundamental principles of the sensor design. They are still governed by the laws of Nature. Arguably one of the greatest geniuses who ever lived, Leonardo Da Vinci, had his own peculiar way of praying. He was saying, “Oh Lord, thanks for Thou do not violate your own laws. ” It is comforting indeed that the laws of Nature do not change as time goes by; it is just our appreciation of them that is being re?ned. Thus, this new edition examines the same good old laws of Nature that are employed in the designs of various sensors. This has not changed much since the previous edition. Yet, the sections that describe the practical designs are revised substantially. Recent ideas and developments have been added, and less important and nonessential designs were dropped. Probably the most dramatic recent progress in the sensor technologies relates to wide use of MEMS and MEOMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems and micro-electro-opto-mechanical systems). These are examined in this new edition with greater detail. This book is about devices commonly called sensors. The invention of a - croprocessor has brought highly sophisticated instruments into our everyday lives.
Author : P. Amico
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402025270
Total Pages : 653 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Scientific Detectors for Astronomy written by P. Amico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dear Friends, It seems like it was only yesterday that we drove the last of you to the airport. The memories and the spirit of the Scientific Detectors for Astronomy Workshop (SDW2002) remain fresh and strong. For us, this was a very special event, a great gathering of what may be one of the friendliest and most cooperative technical communities on our little planet. We have tried to capture the spirit of the Workshop in these Proceedings and we hope you are able to relive your week in Hawaii. For those readers who did not attend, we invite you into this community. As you probably noticed, there is a new name on the cover: Jenna Beletic was the ace up our sleeve for these Proceedings. As a summer intern at Keck, she took up the task of organizing, proofreading, editing and formatting the papers. She also made the graphics (her artistic talents shine on pages xxxiii and xxxv), contacted authors and prepared the mountain of paperwork which goes with producing a book. Jenna’s enthusiasm at learning, her passion for the job and creativity (e. g. find 100 ways to get Paola and Jim to do their jobs) have been a motivating addition to our team of “old workshop foxes”...... and a source for a good deal of paternal pride. We are honoured to have her as a fellow editor.
Author : Steven Chu
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437944183
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author : Claus Grupen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642132715
Total Pages : 1251 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Author : Thomas J. Dolan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447155564
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Fusion Technology written by Thomas J. Dolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: • magnet systems, • plasma heating systems, • control systems, • energy conversion systems, • advanced materials development, • vacuum systems, • cryogenic systems, • plasma diagnostics, • safety systems, and • power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070376
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In preparing the report, Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium , the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail. Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium: An Overview summarizes the science goals and recommended initiatives in a short, richly illustrated, non-technical booklet.
