Fundamental Studies Of Coal Liquefaction Quarterly Report No 4 July 1 October 1 1992

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Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, July 1--October 1, 1992

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Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, July 1--October 1, 1992 by :

Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, July 1--October 1, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SRI International is conducting studies of the effects of liquid water at temperatures and pressures near its critical point on the behavior of coal. The present study involves the construction and operation of a cell for visual observation of the process. The cell is batch charged with a dispersion of coal particles in solvent; it is designed for continuous flow operation should that mode of operation become desirable. It can be electrically heated to 550°C and can handle pressures to 5000 psi. Direct observation of individual particles takes place through a pair of diamond windows, a lens assembly, and a television monitoring system. A number of runs have been performed during this quarter, including runs with Wyodak and Illinois No. 6 coal with both water and tetralin. A video tape of two runs was submitted with a monthly report during this quarter, and a tape with four runs in included with this report. Unfortunately just as our experience with the cell was developing, one of the diamonds cracked and the replacement is not expected before December. Accordingly we have spent some time operating the cell with a single window and front lighting.

Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, October 1, 1992--January 1, 1993

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Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, October 1, 1992--January 1, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results for the control run for a single particle are shown in Figure 1. The figure, which includes other thermolytic data for Illinois No. 6 coal, shows that the particle was stable in size to around 440°C. At that point it contracted very rapidly to about half its size over the next 15°. Also shown are data for the same coal from SRI's field ionization mass spectrometer (FIMS), in which case a sample of the coal is heated at 2.5°C/min from ambient to 500°C and the effluent is swept into mass spectrometer. The evolution of the coal volatiles is reflected by accumulated ion count with increasing temperature, and is presented in the figure as the fraction of total volatiles. As the figure shows, the abrupt increase in volatility corresponds very closely to the equally abrupt reduction in particle size. The weight average molecular weight profile from the FIMS work is also in the figure, and shows that the coal experiences a simple loss of volatiles of increasing molecular weight up to around 440°C. At that point pyrolysis and fragmentation come about, reflected in the quick reversal and decline in molecular weight. The high rate of volatility and shrinkage are clearly associated with this second stage in the pyrolytic process. These results are further in line with the account of Eser et al. (1991) who found in studies of Illinois No. 6 coal in a high pressure microdilatometer that the coal contracted by about 40% in the same region of temperature at heating rates of around 20°C/min. At higher heating rates the contraction was followed by a swelling. Finally, in our cell work we observed the deposition of tar in the diamond windows starting at around 350°C.

Energy Research Abstracts

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Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Iranische Gesetze

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)

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Download or read book Iranische Gesetze written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government reports annual index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-03 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, April 1--July 1, 1993

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Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, April 1--July 1, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our last report we discussed observations in our cell concerning the behavior or Illinois No. 6 coal in tetralin to 460°C. We noted that there were possibly two distinct types of particles comprising the organic phase, reacting respectively at 420°--430°C, and at 450°--460°C. Alternatively we could interpret the data as describing a range of reactivity bounded by those temperatures. As evidenced by the contraction of the particles, the reactions were rapid. The particles lost half of their substance within 1 min, and we suggested that the rates were too fast to be accommodated by the commonly held scheme for coal liquefaction involving thermolytic scission of weak, bibenzyl-like bonds. Our analyses were aided by our use of Adobe Photoshop, which allows us to store, digitized versions of our recorded images. The images can then be manipulated at will to provide quantitative data on morphological changes. We noted in our last report that printer limitations prevented us from presenting images with the desirable quality, and we are at present attempting to find access to equipment which will provide satisfactory figures. Accordingly our progress will be described here without any photographs, and we expect to present a more complete account of our work in our next report. The work reported here includes studies of Illinois No. 6 coal with water as the medium, and a control run with argon as medium. Our temperature ramping was like that used last time, 25°C/min to 250°C, and then 10°C/min to 450°C. The results from the earlier work and the data presented here can therefore be directly compared.

Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, October 1, 1993--January 1, 1994

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Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, October 1, 1993--January 1, 1994 by :

Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, October 1, 1993--January 1, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results obtained over the past period include studies in our cell with Wyodak coal, and argon, water, n-undecane, and tetralin as media. The argon work was conducted at 7 atm and the others at 200 atm, and the results are shown in Figure 1. As we saw with Illinois No. 6 coal, in argon the particles began to swell at around 300°C, and develop a fluid-like appearance. As just noted, the phenomenon appears to be the development of a tar, which is slowly expelled from the particles with increasing temperature. The overall thermal behavior was essentially the same for the three particles, but the extent of the tar development was different within them, apparently reflecting different levels of tar precursors in the individual particles. Again or as or Illinois No. 6, there was an abrupt evaporation of the tar at around 350°C. The residue was a collection of particles very similar in size and shape to the starting particles. The behavior in water was also like that seen for the Illinois coal. The coal began to shrink at around 300°C, or at the same point at which the tar evolution began in argon. The shrinking continued to around 350°C, at which point there was a curious, momentary swelling. This action continued only briefly and the particles then resumed shrinking up to the highest temperature attained. The undecane result was also like that seen for the Illinois coal. Thus in marked contrast to the argon and water results, there was no change in size nor shape of the coal particles. Finally, Figure 1 also shows data with tetralin as medium, and the results display yet another type of behavior. In this case, much like the results for undecane, there is no change in the particles to about 425°C. At that point they begin to shrink very rapidly, consistent with the temperature range at which coal conversion becomes active in tetralin (Gorin, 1981).

Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, January 1--April 1, 1993

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, January 1--April 1, 1993 by :

Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, January 1--April 1, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Figures 3, 4, and 5 display images of two adjacent particles chosen for analysis with characteristic dimensions of 50--100 [mu]m Figure 3 shows that there is essentially no change up to 395°C over an 18 min period, but at that point the particle labeled a begins to shrink. The action continues in Figure 4 where the particle contracts to about half its initial size over a 45 sec period as the temperature, increases from 424°C to 430°C, at which point the contraction stops. The size profile for a is presented in Figure 6 and compares very well with the profile generated in an earlier experiment from our last report. As just noted, this agreement suggests that this behavior is representative of at least one class of particle in the sample. Figure 5 shows that there is a second, higher temperature range of activity, represented by the changes in particle b. This particle contracts to about half its size from 450° to 460°C over 1 min. The temperature was held at 460° and there appears to be an additional 7--10% contraction over 10 min at that temperature, although the scatter seen in Figure 6 shows that change is not outside our error limits. We conclude that the process takes place rapidly and concludes within initial 1 min period.

Fossil Energy Update

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 936 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coal Liquefaction

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Two-stage, Closed Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. Sixteenth Quarterly Report, 1 July 1992-30 September 1992

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Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Two-stage, Closed Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. Sixteenth Quarterly Report, 1 July 1992-30 September 1992 by :

Download or read book Two-stage, Closed Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. Sixteenth Quarterly Report, 1 July 1992-30 September 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coal Liquefaction

Author : United States. Office of Fossil Energy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction by : United States. Office of Fossil Energy

Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by United States. Office of Fossil Energy and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Direct Coal Liquefaction Concepts. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Direct Coal Liquefaction Concepts. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 by :

Download or read book Advanced Direct Coal Liquefaction Concepts. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first quarter of FY 1993, the Project proceeded close to the Project Plan. The analysis of the feed material has been completed as far as possible. Some unplanned distillation was needed to correct the boiling range of the Black Thunder solvent used during the autoclave tests. Additional distillation will be required if the same solvent is to be used for the bench unit tests. A decision on this is still outstanding. The solvent to be used with Illinois No. 6 coal has not yet been defined. As a result, the procurement of the feed and the feed analysis is somewhat behind schedule. Agglomeration tests with Black Thunder coal indicates that small agglomerates can be formed. However, the ash removal is quite low (about 10%), which is not surprising in view of the low ash content of the coal. The first series of autoclave tests with Black Thunder coal was completed as planned. Also, additional runs are in progress as repeats of previous runs or at different operating conditions based on the data obtained so far. The results are promising indicating that almost complete solubilization (close to 90%) of Black Thunder coal can be achieved in a CO/H2O environment at our anticipated process conditions. The design of the bench unit has been completed. In contrast to the originally planned modifications, the bench unit is now designed based on a computerized control and data acquisition system. All major items of equipment have been received, and prefabrication of assemblies and control panels is proceeding on schedule. Despite a slight delay in the erection of the structural steel, it is anticipated that the bench unit will be operational at the beginning of April 1993.

Direct Coal Liquefaction Baseline and System Analysis. Quarterly Report, October 1992-December 1992

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Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct Coal Liquefaction Baseline and System Analysis. Quarterly Report, October 1992-December 1992 by :

Download or read book Direct Coal Liquefaction Baseline and System Analysis. Quarterly Report, October 1992-December 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results for the control run for a single particle are shown in Figure 1. The figure, which includes other thermolytic data for Illinois No. 6 coal, shows that the particle was stable in size to around 440[degree]C. At that point it contracted very rapidly to about half its size over the next 15[degrees]. Also shown are data for the same coal from SRI's field ionization mass spectrometer (FIMS), in which case a sample of the coal is heated at 2.5[degrees]C/min from ambient to 500[degrees]C and the effluent is swept into mass spectrometer. The evolution of the coal volatiles is reflected by accumulated ion count with increasing temperature, and is presented in the figure as the fraction of total volatiles. As the figure shows, the abrupt increase in volatility corresponds very closely to the equally abrupt reduction in particle size. The weight average molecular weight profile from the FIMS work is also in the figure, and shows that the coal experiences a simple loss of volatiles of increasing molecular weight up to around 440[degrees]C. At that point pyrolysis and fragmentation come about, reflected in the quick reversal and decline in molecular weight. The high rate of volatility and shrinkage are clearly associated with this second stage in the pyrolytic process. These results are further in line with the account of Eser et al. (1991) who found in studies of Illinois No. 6 coal in a high pressure microdilatometer that the coal contracted by about 40% in the same region of temperature at heating rates of around 20[degrees]C/min. At higher heating rates the contraction was followed by a swelling. Finally, in our cell work we observed the deposition of tar in the diamond windows starting at around 350[degrees]C.

China

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821323953
Total Pages : 1422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis China by : World Bank

Download or read book China written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Korea's industrial policy has directed that nation's economy through nearly three decades of spectacular growth. But the authors of this paper maintain that this policy is showing signs of being outmoded. The time has come, the authors argue, for the Korean government to stop managing the economy's structural development and to redefine the responsibilities of business and government. Under this proposed compact, the allocation of resources would shift from the government to the private industrial and financial sectors. The transformation of the government bureaucracy from an ad hoc policy role to one of a transparent and predictable regulator is a key to the success of this undertaking. These new directions would present the government with enormous challenges. Greater competitive discipline and regulatory oversight would be required. While dealing with the complexities of the transition, the government would have to maintain macroeconomic stability and the momentum of savings and investment. For comparison, the study examines the industrial economies of France, Germany, Japan, and the United States, which underwent similar shifts.