Functional And Genomic Analysis Of Bacterial And Fungal Natural Products Derived From The Fungus Growing Termite

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Functional and Genomic Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Natural Products Derived from the Fungus-growing Termite

Author : Felix Schalk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Functional and Genomic Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Natural Products Derived from the Fungus-growing Termite by : Felix Schalk

Download or read book Functional and Genomic Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Natural Products Derived from the Fungus-growing Termite written by Felix Schalk and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In frame of this thesis, the function and role of natural products produced by microorganisms found within the fungus-farming termite system was investigated. The focus was set on three key aspects: Oxidative plant matter degradation by the fungal mutualist Termitomyces, exploration of natural products produced by the fungal antagonist Pseudoxylaria and its ecological role, as well as investigations into the defensive role of co-occurring bacteria against invaders. The findings presented within this thesis demonstrate, how well the plant matter degradation pathways utilized by Termitomyces are optimized for the unique conditions of the fungus comb and how its surprising lack of major white-rot enzymes is likely compensated for by the insect host, highlighting a successful integration of fungal biomass degradation into the symbiotic co-existence within the termite system. The herein presented studies also support previous findings, that antagonistic fungi of the subgenus Pseudoxylaria clearly form a genetically distinct group from their free-living Xylaria counterparts. In the context of this thesis, several novel natural products produced by Pseudoxylaria were successfully isolated and structurally characterized. In total, structure elucidation efforts resulted in the discovery of four new linear tetrapeptides (pseudoxylaramides), four novel depsipeptides (xylacremolides) and two novel cytosporin derivatives (xylasporins). Investigations into two Actinobacteria previously isolated from fungus-farming termites confirmed how natural products produced by termite-associated microbes may represent a major line of defense in the termite microverse against invaders. Both Streptomyces sp. RB13 and Actinomadura sp. RB99 were found to display elevated antifungal activity against the antagonist while only moderately affecting growth of the fungal mutualist. Targeted investigations resulted in the isolation of four new madurastatin-like siderophores with antifungal properties.

Natural Products from Fungi Associated with Macrotermitine Termites and Analysis of Their Genomic and Biochemical Origin

Author : Nina Kreuzenbeck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Products from Fungi Associated with Macrotermitine Termites and Analysis of Their Genomic and Biochemical Origin by : Nina Kreuzenbeck

Download or read book Natural Products from Fungi Associated with Macrotermitine Termites and Analysis of Their Genomic and Biochemical Origin written by Nina Kreuzenbeck and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungus farming termites grow Termitomyces sp. fungi as their crop in underground chambers. Both partners mutually depend on each other: the insects provide optimal growth condition for their crop and the fungus serves as a food source for the termites that enables them to colonise otherwise inaccessible territory. Only if the symbiotic relationship is out of balance, other fungi than Termitomyces sp. (e.g. Pseudoxylaria sp.) are able to overgrow the mound. The aim of this thesis was to explore the natural product biosynthetic capacity of Termitomyces sp. and the respective metabolites as they could play a role in maintaining garden homeostasis by contributing to communication with symbiotic partners and by employing defensive activity against antagonistic fungi. Genome mining analysis revealed a conserved biosynthetic repertoire across Termitomyces sp. with terpene synthases as most abundant enzyme class with a great potential for detection of new enzyme activities and terpene metabolites. Furthermore, highly relevant terpene cyclases were expressed heterologously and tested for their activity which led among other things to the identification of a versatile bifunctional D-limonene/bisabolene synthase and an unusual terpene cyclase producing nectrianolin C and D. Some of the terpenes produced by the characterised enzymes were also identified as part of Termitomyces volatilome, which is highly dependent on the life stage of the fungus and differs from comb and soil volatiles. Identified volatiles are potenital signalling molecules in the termite mound to regulate fungal development, communication with termites and growth of antagonistic fungi. To investigate the interaction between the Termitomyces sp. and the stowaway-fungus found in termite mounds, new Pseudoxylaria strains were isolated within this thesis and investigated according to their biosynthetic potential to produce new natural products and their phylogenetic relationship in the family of Xylariaceae.

The Social Biology of Microbial Communities

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

Symbiosis

Author : Joseph Seckbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306481731
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbiosis by : Joseph Seckbach

Download or read book Symbiosis written by Joseph Seckbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiosis is the fourth volume in the series Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats (COLE). Fifty experts, from over a dozen countries, review their current studies on different approaches to these phenomena. The chapters present various aspects of symbiosis from gene transfer, morphological features, and biodiversity to individual organisms sharing mutual cellular habitats. The origin of the eukaryotic phase is discussed with emphasis on cyanelles, H syntrophy, N2 fixation, and S-based symbiosis (as well as the origin of mitochondrion, chloroplast, and nucleus). All members of the three domains of life are presented for sharing symbiotic associations. This volume brings the concept of living together as `One plus One (plus One) equals One.' The purpose of this book is to introduce the teacher, researcher, scholar, and student as well as the open-minded and science-oriented reader to the global importance of this association.

Actinobacteria

Author : Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535122487
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Actinobacteria by : Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran

Download or read book Actinobacteria written by Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an introductory overview of Actinobacteria with three main divisions: taxonomic principles, bioprospecting, and agriculture and industrial utility, which covers isolation, cultivation methods, and identification of Actinobacteria and production and biotechnological potential of antibacterial compounds and enzymes from Actinobacteria. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on plant growth-promoting (PGP) and pollutant degrading ability of Actinobacteria and the exploitation of Actinobacteria as ecofriendly nanofactories for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, such as gold and silver. This book will be beneficial for the graduate students, teachers, researchers, biotechnologists, and other professionals, who are interested to fortify and expand their knowledge about Actinobacteria in the field of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biomedical Science, Plant Science, Agriculture, Plant pathology, Environmental Science, etc.

The Fungi

Author : Michael J. Carlile
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0127384464
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fungi by : Michael J. Carlile

Download or read book The Fungi written by Michael J. Carlile and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-09 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.

Streptomyces in Nature and Medicine

Author : D. A. Hopwood
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019515066X
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Streptomyces in Nature and Medicine by : D. A. Hopwood

Download or read book Streptomyces in Nature and Medicine written by D. A. Hopwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an insiders account of 50 years of genetic studies of the soil-inhabiting microbes that produce most of the antibiotics used to treat infections, as well as anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and immunosuppressant drugs. The book begins by describing how these microbes the actinomycetes were discovered in the latter part of the nineteenth century, but remained a Cinderella group until, in the 1940s, they shot to prominence with the discovery of streptomycin, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis and only the second antibiotic, after penicillin, to become a medical marvel. There followed a massive effort over several decades to find further treatments for infectious diseases and cancer, tempered by the rise of antibiotic resistance consequent on antibiotic misuse and over-use. The book goes on to describe the discovery of gene exchange in the actinomycetes in the context of the rise of microbial genetics in the mid-20th century, leading to determination of the complete DNA sequence of a model member of the group at the turn of the millennium. There follow chapters in which the intricate molecular machinery that adapts the organisms metabolism and development to life in the soil, including antibiotic production, is illuminated by the DNA blueprint. Then come an up-to-the minute account of the use of genetic engineering to make novel, hybrid, antibiotics, and a topical description of techniques to learn the roles of the thousands of genes in a genome sequence, throwing a powerful light on the biology of the organisms and their harnessing for increasing antibiotic productivity. In the final chapter we return to the mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy, the first actinomycetes to be discovered, and how methodology, in part derived from the study of the streptomycetes, is being applied to understand and control these still deadly pathogens.

Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications

Author : Jean-Claude Bertrand
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940179118X
Total Pages : 933 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications by : Jean-Claude Bertrand

Download or read book Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.

The Prokaryotes

Author : Edward F. DeLong
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642301193
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Prokaryotes by : Edward F. DeLong

Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea

The Fungal Community

Author : John Dighton
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420027891
Total Pages : 982 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fungal Community by : John Dighton

Download or read book The Fungal Community written by John Dighton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Third Edition addresses many of the questions related to the observations, characterizations, and functional attributes of fungal assemblages and their interaction with the environment and other organisms. This edition promotes awareness of the functional methods of classification over taxonomic methods, and approaches the concept of fungal communities from an ecological perspective, rather than from a fungicentric view. It has expanded to examine issues of global and local biodiversity, the problems associated with exotic species, and the debate concerning diversity and function. The third edition also focuses on current ecological discussions - diversity and function, scaling issues, disturbance, and invasive species - from a fungal perspective. In order to address these concepts, the book examines the appropriate techniques to identify fungi, calculate their abundance, determine their associations among themselves and other organisms, and measure their individual and community function. This book explains attempts to scale these measures from the microscopic cell level through local, landscape, and ecosystem levels. The totality of the ideas, methods, and results presented by the contributing authors points to the future direction of mycology.

Peptide Synthesis

Author : Waleed M. Hussein
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071602263
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Peptide Synthesis by : Waleed M. Hussein

Download or read book Peptide Synthesis written by Waleed M. Hussein and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a variety of procedures for synthetically producing peptides and their derivatives, ensuring the kind of precision that is of paramount importance for successful synthesis. Numerous techniques relevant to drugs and vaccines are explored, such as conjugation and condensation methodologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Peptide Synthesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an essential guide to the many crucial processes that will allow researchers to efficiently prepare, purify, characterize, and use peptides for chemical, biochemical, and biological studies.

Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis

Author : David Edward Bignell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048139775
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis by : David Edward Bignell

Download or read book Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis written by David Edward Bignell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Termites, a Modern Synthesis brings together the major advances in termite biology, phylogenetics, social evolution and biogeography. In this new volume, David Bignell, Yves Roisin and Nathan Lo have brought together leading experts on termite taxonomy, behaviour, genetics, caste differentiation, physiology, microbiology, mound architecture, biogeography and control. Very strong evolutionary and developmental themes run through the individual chapters, fed by new data streams from molecular sequencing, and for the first time it is possible to compare the social organisation of termites with that of the social Hymenoptera, focusing on caste determination, population genetics, cooperative behaviour, nest hygiene and symbioses with microorganisms. New chapters have been added on termite pheromones, termites as pests of agriculture and on destructive invasive species.

The Southern Pine Beetle

Author : Robert C. Thatcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Southern Pine Beetle by : Robert C. Thatcher

Download or read book The Southern Pine Beetle written by Robert C. Thatcher and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3

Author : Kostas Bourtzis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420064118
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3 by : Kostas Bourtzis

Download or read book Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3 written by Kostas Bourtzis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-28 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The associations between insects and microorganisms, while pervasive and of paramount ecological importance, have been relatively poorly understood. The third book in this set, Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3, complements the previous volumes in exploring this somewhat uncharted territory. Like its predecessors, Volume 3 illustrates how symbiosis resear

Plant Litter

Author : Björn Berg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642388213
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Litter by : Björn Berg

Download or read book Plant Litter written by Björn Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the 2nd edition, there have been substantial developments in the field of litter decomposition. This fully revised and updated 3rd edition of Plant Litter reflects and discusses new findings and re-evaluates earlier ones in light of recent research and with regard to current areas of investigation. The availability of several long-term studies allows a more in-depth approach to decomposition patterns and to the later stages of decomposition, as well as to humus formation and accumulation. The latest information focuses on three fields: - the effects of manganese on decomposition and possibly on carbon sequestration, - new findings on decomposition dynamics, and - the new analytical technique using 13C-NMR.

Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology

Author : Y. Abe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940173223X
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology by : Y. Abe

Download or read book Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology written by Y. Abe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a new compendium in which leading termite scientists review the advances of the last 30 years in our understanding of phylogeny, fossil records, relationships with cockroaches, social evolution, nesting, behaviour, mutualisms with archaea, protists, bacteria and fungi, nutrition, energy metabolism,population and community ecology, soil conditioning, greenhouse gas production and pest status.

Molecular Identification of Fungi

Author : Youssuf Gherbawy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642050425
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Identification of Fungi by : Youssuf Gherbawy

Download or read book Molecular Identification of Fungi written by Youssuf Gherbawy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.