Function Point Analysis

Download Function Point Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Function Point Analysis by : David Garmus

Download or read book Function Point Analysis written by David Garmus and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2001 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Function Point Analysis: Measurement Practices for Successful Software Projects is a comprehensive presentation of the principles of function point analysis (FPA) and a guide to its effective use in managing the development and deployment of software. Written for both information technology (IT) practitioners and managers, it describes how to use this proven-but-underutilized software-sizing metric to achieve successful software projects. Completely up-to-date, the book introduces the latest rules and guidelines released in the International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) Counting Practices Manual 4.1. Function Point Analysis presents fundamental counting techniques for basic-to-advanced technologies. It explains the calculations for determining function point size, an indication of a software application's overall functionality and complexity. Moving beyond mechanics, the book features the most common uses of FPA and reveals experience-based techniques for applying the methodology with success. The book covers such important topics as: An overview of FPA for the IT executive A description of software measurement, relating size to other software metrics Sizing data and transactional functions The application of general system characteristics Counting object-oriented, Web-based, client-server, and GUI applications Becoming a Certified Function Point Specialist (CFPS), using a practice exam The use of FPA for accurate project estimating, development and maintenance outsourcing, and performance productivity baselining FPA automation tools, including function point repository tools and function point- based project estimation tools The role of FPA in standardizing industry benchmarking data Numerous detailed examples and case studies demonstrate the FPA methodology in action. As a reference, tutorial, and practical guide, Function Point Analysis: Measurement Practices for Successful Software Projects raises the level of awareness and understanding of FPA and its role in bringing proven quality standards to the software development industry. 0201699443B04062001

Function Point Analysis

Download Function Point Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Function Point Analysis by : J. Brian Dreger

Download or read book Function Point Analysis written by J. Brian Dreger and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering

Download Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402062680
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering by : Tarek Sobh

Download or read book Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering written by Tarek Sobh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Information Sciences. The book presents selected papers from the conference proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (SCSS 2006). All aspects of the conference were managed on-line.

Certified Function Point Specialist Examination Guide

Download Certified Function Point Specialist Examination Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439856982
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Certified Function Point Specialist Examination Guide by : David Garmus

Download or read book Certified Function Point Specialist Examination Guide written by David Garmus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Certified Function Point Specialist Examination Guide provides a complete and authoritative review of the rules and guidelines prescribed in the release of version 4.3 of the Function Point Counting Practices Manual (CPM). Providing a fundamental understanding of the IFPUG Functional Size Measurement method, this is the ideal study guide for th

International Conference on Advanced Computing Networking and Informatics

Download International Conference on Advanced Computing Networking and Informatics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811326738
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Conference on Advanced Computing Networking and Informatics by : Raj Kamal

Download or read book International Conference on Advanced Computing Networking and Informatics written by Raj Kamal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book comprises selected papers presented at the International Conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Informatics (ICANI 2018), organized by Medi-Caps University, India. It includes novel and original research work on advanced computing, networking and informatics, and discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques in the field of computing and networking.

Progressive Function Point Analysis

Download Progressive Function Point Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502354167
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (541 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Progressive Function Point Analysis by : MR Ruben Gerad Mathew

Download or read book Progressive Function Point Analysis written by MR Ruben Gerad Mathew and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progressive function points was derived for greater accuracy in the estimation of Function Point Analysis which is used for size estimation of IT Projects. The new improvements are based on the actual Function point count based on elementary inputs, outputs and integrated process flows within the respective functions. Progressive function points are better suited for application that may have the following characteristics Projects with complex business rules and multiple workflows. Complex operations other than standard CRUD functionality. Integration of Reuse within functions. Greater Accuracy of Cost & Schedule Index. Greater Clarity and Accountability into costing of applications. Passing external reviews such as CPMG Audits. Integration of new languages and programming tools. Progressive Function Point Analysis was developed for mitigating problems in the implementation of FPA in agile projects. The estimation principle addresses the concerns with regard to effort and accurate sizing in projects. These ideas were implemented through various tools and an open source worksheet was built on the new principles to address many concerns such as Accuracy, Reuse, Workflow Estimation. Some practice specific enhancements and applications have also been discussed where the standard model is not applicable. This book is focused on training Architects and Project Managers in Progressive Estimation technique, for seasoned FPA Analyst, we provide new tools and methods to estimate the effort and revalidate their current estimates by using our free and open source tools, which also provides both cost and schedule index and advanced customizable workbooks . By providing Progressive FPA estimates, the cost and effort are justified and can be validated against the actual work.

Practical Software Estimation

Download Practical Software Estimation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0132702444
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (327 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Software Estimation by : M. A. Parthasarathy

Download or read book Practical Software Estimation written by M. A. Parthasarathy and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2003-02-25 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A clearly written book that is a useful primer for a very complicated set of topics." --Capers Jones, Chief Scientist Emeritus, Software Productivity Research LLC Practical Software Estimation brings together today's most valuable tips, techniques, and best practices for accurately estimating software project efforts, costs, and schedules. Written by a leading expert in the field, it addresses the full spectrum of real-world challenges faced by those who must develop reliable estimates. M. A. Parthasarathy draws on the immense experience of Infosys, one of the world's largest and most respected providers of IT-enabled business solutions, to bring you the only book with detailed guidance on estimating insourced and outsourced software projects, as well as projects that blend both approaches. He demonstrates how to successfully utilize Function Point (FP) methods, the industry's leading estimation model. Then, using real case studies, he systematically identifies pitfalls that can lead to inaccurate estimates--and offers proven solutions. Coverage includes How to estimate all types of software projects, including "fresh" development, reengineering, and maintenance How to incorporate the impact of core project elements on estimates: scope, environment, experience, and tools FP analysis from start to finish: data and transaction functions, general system characteristics, and more FP methods for any platform or business function Innovative re-estimation methods to track progress How to quote RFPs and prepare contracts: fixed price, time/material, and project execution lifecycle models Alternatives to FP: Delphi, COCOMO II, and COSMIC-FFP How to choose the right estimation tools Practical Software Estimation is the definitive reference for anyone who must estimate software projects accurately: project and IT managers, individual developers, system designers, architects, executives, consultants, and outsourcers alike. List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Role of Estimation in Software Projects Chapter 3: A Study of Function Point Analysis Chapter 4: Data Functions Chapter 5: Transactional Functions Chapter 6: General System Characteristics Chapter 7: Size, Effort, and Scheduling of Projects Chapter 8: Estimation Flavors Chapter 9: A Sense of Where You Are Chapter 10: Tips, Tricks, and Traps Chapter 11: Insourcing versus Outsourcing Chapter 12: Key Factors in Software Contracts Chapter 13: Project Estimation and Costing Chapter 14: Other Estimation Methods Chapter 15: Estimation Tools Chapter 16: Estimation Case Study Appendix A: Reference Tables: Transaction Function Counts Appendix B: Reference Tables: Data Function Points Bibliography Index

The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement

Download The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439869308
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement by : IFPUG

Download or read book The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement written by IFPUG and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread deployment of millions of current and emerging software applications has placed software economic studies among the most critical of any form of business analysis. Unfortunately, a lack of an integrated suite of metrics makes software economic analysis extremely difficult. The International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG), a nonprofit and member-governed organization, has become the recognized leader in promoting the effective management of application software development and maintenance activities. The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement brings together 52 leading software measurement experts from 13 different countries who share their insights and expertise. Covering measurement programs, function points in measurement, new technologies, and metrics analysis, this volume: Illustrates software measurement's role in new and emerging technologies Addresses the impact of agile development on software measurement Presents measurement as a powerful tool for auditing and accountability Includes metrics for the CIO Edited by IFPUG's Management and Reporting Committee, the text is useful for IT project managers, process improvement specialists, measurement professionals, and business professionals who need to interact with IT professionals and participate in IT decision-making. It includes coverage of cloud computing, agile development, quantitative project management, process improvement, measurement as a tool in accountability, project ROI measurement, metrics for the CIO, value stream mapping, and benchmarking.

Parametric Statistical Change Point Analysis

Download Parametric Statistical Change Point Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475731310
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Parametric Statistical Change Point Analysis by : Jie Chen

Download or read book Parametric Statistical Change Point Analysis written by Jie Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently there has been a keen interest in the statistical analysis of change point detec tion and estimation. Mainly, it is because change point problems can be encountered in many disciplines such as economics, finance, medicine, psychology, geology, litera ture, etc. , and even in our daily lives. From the statistical point of view, a change point is a place or time point such that the observations follow one distribution up to that point and follow another distribution after that point. Multiple change points problem can also be defined similarly. So the change point(s) problem is two fold: one is to de cide if there is any change (often viewed as a hypothesis testing problem), another is to locate the change point when there is a change present (often viewed as an estimation problem). The earliest change point study can be traced back to the 1950s. During the fol lowing period of some forty years, numerous articles have been published in various journals and proceedings. Many of them cover the topic of single change point in the means of a sequence of independently normally distributed random variables. Another popularly covered topic is a change point in regression models such as linear regres sion and autoregression. The methods used are mainly likelihood ratio, nonparametric, and Bayesian. Few authors also considered the change point problem in other model settings such as the gamma and exponential.

Applied Software Measurement

Download Applied Software Measurement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071643869
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Software Measurement by : Capers Jones

Download or read book Applied Software Measurement written by Capers Jones and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2008-05-11 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively forecast, manage, and control software across the entire project lifecycle Accurately size, estimate, and administer software projects with real-world guidance from an industry expert. Fully updated to cover the latest tools and techniques, Applied Software Measurement, Third Edition details how to deploy a cost-effective and pragmatic analysis strategy. You will learn how to use function points and baselines, implement benchmarks and tracking systems, and perform efficiency tests. Full coverage of the latest regulations, metrics, and standards is included. Measure performance at the requirements, coding, testing, and installation phases Set function points for efficiency, cost, market share, and customer satisfaction Analyze quality and productivity using assessments, benchmarks, and baselines Design and manage project cost, defect, and quality tracking systems Use object-oriented, reusable component, Agile, CMM, and XP methods Assess defect removal efficiency using unit tests and multistage test suites

Nonlinear Functional Analysis

Download Nonlinear Functional Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662005476
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nonlinear Functional Analysis by : Klaus Deimling

Download or read book Nonlinear Functional Analysis written by Klaus Deimling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: topics. However, only a modest preliminary knowledge is needed. In the first chapter, where we introduce an important topological concept, the so-called topological degree for continuous maps from subsets ofRn into Rn, you need not know anything about functional analysis. Starting with Chapter 2, where infinite dimensions first appear, one should be familiar with the essential step of consider ing a sequence or a function of some sort as a point in the corresponding vector space of all such sequences or functions, whenever this abstraction is worthwhile. One should also work out the things which are proved in § 7 and accept certain basic principles of linear functional analysis quoted there for easier references, until they are applied in later chapters. In other words, even the 'completely linear' sections which we have included for your convenience serve only as a vehicle for progress in nonlinearity. Another point that makes the text introductory is the use of an essentially uniform mathematical language and way of thinking, one which is no doubt familiar from elementary lectures in analysis that did not worry much about its connections with algebra and topology. Of course we shall use some elementary topological concepts, which may be new, but in fact only a few remarks here and there pertain to algebraic or differential topological concepts and methods.

Software Sizing and Estimating

Download Software Sizing and Estimating PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Software Sizing and Estimating by : Charles R. Symons

Download or read book Software Sizing and Estimating written by Charles R. Symons and published by . This book was released on 1991-07-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides everything needed to implement Mk II FPA, which was previously available only under license. Mk II FPA represents a new generation of Function Point Analysis. It provides a set of software measurement techniques suitable for sizing and estimating business applications software. This is a fully integrated and calibratable method for estimating effort, time and manpower required for software development projects, taking into account the concepts of risk analysis. Written by the originator of the method, provides the complete definition, case studies and practical tips on implementation.

Computational and Statistical Methods in Intelligent Systems

Download Computational and Statistical Methods in Intelligent Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303000211X
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational and Statistical Methods in Intelligent Systems by : Radek Silhavy

Download or read book Computational and Statistical Methods in Intelligent Systems written by Radek Silhavy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents real-world problems and pioneering research in computational statistics, mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence and software engineering in the context of intelligent systems. It gathers the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 2nd Computational Methods in Systems and Software 2018 (CoMeSySo 2018), a conference that broke down traditional barriers by being held online. The goal of the event was to provide an international forum for discussing the latest high-quality research results.

Point Pattern Analysis

Download Point Pattern Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Point Pattern Analysis by : Barry N. Boots

Download or read book Point Pattern Analysis written by Barry N. Boots and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1988-03 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boots and Getis provide a concise explanation of point pattern analysis - a series of techniques for identifying patterns of clustering or regularity in a set of geographical locations. They discuss quadrat and distance methods of measurement, and consider the problems associated with these methods. The authors also outline and compare other measures of arrangement, suggesting when these techniques should be used.

Applied Functional Data Analysis

Download Applied Functional Data Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0387224653
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Functional Data Analysis by : J.O. Ramsay

Download or read book Applied Functional Data Analysis written by J.O. Ramsay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-11-23 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the ideas of functional data analysis by a number of case studies. The case studies are accessible to research workers in a wide range of disciplines. Every reader should gain not only a specific understanding of the methods of functional data analysis, but more importantly a general insight into the underlying patterns of thought. There is an associated web site with MATLABr and S?PLUSr implementations of the methods discussed.

Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools & Techniques

Download Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools & Techniques PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : J. Ross Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1604270241
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools & Techniques by : Murali Chemuturi

Download or read book Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools & Techniques written by Murali Chemuturi and published by J. Ross Publishing. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost every software project begins with the utterances, “What will this cost?” and “When will this project be done?” Once those words are spoken, project stakeholders begin to wrestle with how to produce an estimate. Accurately estimating the cost or time to complete a software project is a serious problem for many software engineers, developers and project managers who struggle with costs running double original estimates, putting their careers at risk. It is reported that nearly 50% of all software projects are shelved and that one of the major causes is poor estimation practices. If developing software for internal use, poor estimates can represent a significant drain on corporate profits. Worldwide growth in the number of companies specializing in the development of software for use by other companies is staggering. India alone has nearly 20,000 such companies. Intense competition has led to an increased demand for fixed-bid pricing in client/vendor relationships, and has made effective cost estimation even more important and, in many cases, critical to a firm's survival. There are many methods of estimation. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, proponents and opponents. Knowing how and which one to use on a given project is key to developing acceptable estimates for either internal or external projects.Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools, & Techniques covers all facets of software estimation. It provides a detailed explanation of the various methods for estimating software size, development effort, cost, and schedule, including a comprehensive explanation of Test Effort Estimation. Emphasizing that software estimation should be based on a well-defined process, it presents software estimation best practices and shows how to avoid common pitfalls. This guide offers direction on which methods are most appropriate for each of the different project types commonly executed in the software development space and criteria for selecting software estimation tools. This comprehensive desk reference explains software estimation from scratch to help the beginner and features advanced techniques for more experienced estimators. It details project scheduling, including resource leveling and the concept of productivity, as applicable to software estimators, demonstrating the many benefits of moving from the current macro-productivity approach to a micro-productivity approach in software estimation. Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools, & Techniques: A Complete Guide for Software Project Estimators caters to the needs of all software project stakeholders, from novice to expert. It provides the valuable guidance needed to estimate the cost and time required to complete software projects within a reasonable margin of error for effective software development.

Function Point Analysis (FPA) for Software Enhancement

Download Function Point Analysis (FPA) for Software Enhancement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Nesma
ISBN 13 : 9076258139
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (762 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Function Point Analysis (FPA) for Software Enhancement by : Jos Engelhart, Peter Langbroek, and others

Download or read book Function Point Analysis (FPA) for Software Enhancement written by Jos Engelhart, Peter Langbroek, and others and published by Nesma. This book was released on 2009-04-07 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Function point analysis is established internationally as a method for determining the scope and functional size of software from an assessment of the user requirements. The IFPUG “Function Point Counting Practices Manual” and the Nesma FPA counting practices manual “Definitions and Counting Guidelines for the Application of Function Point Analysis” both follow the “Albrecht” method and describe how to apply the method to implemented systems, software development and software enhancement. Application of the method to software enhancement is not well developed; other priorities have prevented a more considered treatment of this aspect of its application in the past. Function point analysis has been applied extensively to the development of new software. Its use in this respect is well established and is supported by a wealth of research and practical experience. It is now appropriate to explore in greater depth the application of FPA to software enhancement and maintenance. Users of software metrics need to know whether FPA can be successfully applied to software enhancement and, if so, in what way and within what constraints. Consideration of these issues led NESMA to form the working group on “FPA for Enhancement and Maintenance”. These guidelines apply FPA for enhancement projects, adjusting the regular weight of a function impacted by the enhancement project by an impact factor. The impact factor depends on the degree in which the function is enhanced by the project. The guidelines are universally applicable, so also using the IFPUG CPM 4.3 FPA guidelines as your basic FPA measure. Objectives The Guide is intended for anyone with an interest in the management of enhancements to an information system. The Guide describes an objective and replicable method for assessing the scope and size of an enhancement project. The method is objective in that the results obtained are independent of the person applying the method; the result obtained is bona fide in that two different people using the same guidelines obtain the same result. The method is replicable in that a particular outcome can be determined a priori, and the same outcome can be produced on the second and subsequent applications of the method. Intended Audience The Guide is intended for anyone who performs function point analysis and wants to measure the size of enhancement projects more precisely. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the standard FPA method. Scope of the Research NESMA considered the application of FPA to software enhancement from the perspective of the standard function point analysis method. The result of this work, embodied in these guidelines, is a method applicable to software enhancement and testing that is strongly related to the standard FPA method. The term Enhancement Function Point Analysis (EFPA) is used to differentiate the method from the standard function point analysis method. Disclaimer The method has been tried in practice. However, NESMA does not claim that the method in its current form has been validated scientifically. Additional research and practical use is necessary to demonstrate the validity of the method. By offering this guide to the international functional software measurement community, NESMA wants to advance the application of function point analysis to enhancement projects and to broaden the understanding of measurement applied to software enhancement. NESMA is not responsible for any use of this method or for the results obtained from its application. Comments and suggestions for further improvement of this method may be sent to [email protected].