Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species By Ambient Particulate Matter Probing Causative Agents And The Underlying Mechanism

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Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Ambient Particulate Matter: Probing Causative Agents and the Underlying Mechanism

Author : XIAOBI Michelle KUANG
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Ambient Particulate Matter: Probing Causative Agents and the Underlying Mechanism by : XIAOBI Michelle KUANG

Download or read book Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Ambient Particulate Matter: Probing Causative Agents and the Underlying Mechanism written by XIAOBI Michelle KUANG and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol aging plays an important role in modifying aerosol chemical composition, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation nuclei activity and optical properties. Aqueous phase aerosol aging often involves reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydroxyl radicals (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-) and organic peroxides. Similar oxidation processes in cloud water may provide a pathway for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through cloud processing during nighttime. Very limited studies have reported the direct quantification of OH and H2O2 production by ambient particles; and the contribution from different redox-active species to formation of ROS is not well understood. To address these questions, we combine field studies with laboratory experiments. Two field campaigns were carried out at Claremont, CA in summer and Fresno, CA in the winter. Samples collected on Teflon filters were extracted in an atmospherically relevant solution (water at pH3.5) and physiologically relevant solutions (surrogate lung fluid, pH 7.4). Marine samples of engine emissions from a research vessel when operating on Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and Hydrogenation-Derived Renewable Diesel (HDRD) were collected during dedicated cruises in 2014 and 2015, including aged samples collected by re-intercepting the ship plume. These samples were analyzed for particle mass, H2O2 and OH generation, soluble transition metals and speciated soluble iron (iron speciation and H2O2 was not quantified in the marine samples). Our results show that soluble iron was about 50% Fe(II) and 50% Fe(III) in the Claremont samples but that the balance was slightly in favor of Fe(II) in the Fresno samples (65%) in pH3.5. The mass concentration was somewhat higher in Fresno, and on a per-mass basis, the Fresno PM generated a similar amount of H2O2 but far more OH than the Claremont PM. This high OH production was driven by the nighttime and morning samples, which were about 2.5 times more active than the Claremont samples; afternoon samples in Fresno were less active than Claremont. Nighttime and morning samples in Fresno had a strong signature from biomass burning HUmic LIke Substances (BBHULIS), and this material was very strongly correlated with OH formation, r2=0.89. Because of fluorescence interference in the OH assay from BBHULIS, a method was developed to separate the BBHULIS from the OH probe (4-hydroxyterephthalic acid) using Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB) cartridges. Particles generated from HDRD combustion had slightly to significantly (5-50%) higher OH generation activity when extracted under surrogate lung fluid (SLF) than those from ULSD and freshly emitted particles exhibited lower activity than aged plumes. To better understand the mechanism of ROS formation by ambient samples, the ability of synthetic mixtures containing quinones, metals and Humic/Fulvic acids (surrogates for BBHULIS) to produce ROS was investigated. When added alone, most of the redox active species tested did not produce ROS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. Addition of quinones did not show or only showed slight enhancement of ROS formation from Fe. In the contrast, the synergism of Cu and 1,4-Naphthoquinone produced more ROS than Cu alone.

Particulate Matter-Related Reactive Oxygen Species Chemistry in Surrogate Lung Fluid and in Cloud Droplets

Author : Jiaqi Shen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Particulate Matter-Related Reactive Oxygen Species Chemistry in Surrogate Lung Fluid and in Cloud Droplets by : Jiaqi Shen

Download or read book Particulate Matter-Related Reactive Oxygen Species Chemistry in Surrogate Lung Fluid and in Cloud Droplets written by Jiaqi Shen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When air pollution particles encounter water, whether in clouds or in the lungs, they partly dissolve, which starts a cascade of reactions. In clouds, this chemistry can change the mass concentration, chemical composition, and size distribution of particulate matter (PM) left behind when the cloud re-evaporates, making it an important process impacting the earth's climate. In the lungs, particles induce health impacts via mechanisms that are areas of active research. While these two environments are distinct, both are mediated by the reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess amounts of ROS formation triggered by the inhalation of PM is believed to be one of the causes of PM-induced diseases. I utilized different oxidative potential (OP) metrics in my research to quantify aerosol particles' ability to generate ROS. I further combined lab measurements with statistical analysis and kinetics models to determine the most toxic components in PM and dominant emission sources contributing to OP. In this dissertation, I first delved into the chemistry of ascorbate, one of the most abundant antioxidants in the lung. Ascorbate plays a vital role in the mechanism by which particulate air pollution initiates biological responses. I synthesized the literature on ascorbate, trace metals, and ROS interactions. Recognizing the large disagreements on the ascorbate reactions with iron or copper, I developed a chemical kinetics model to constrain the mechanisms and derive key rate constants. The modeling results suggest trace metals iron and copper are efficient sinks for ascorbate. Secondly, I investigated the interactions of PM and ROS with two other OP metrics - the hydroxyl radical (OH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays. The source apportionment analysis on OP indicates that vehicular exhaust and brake and tire wear are primary contributors to OP. I further linked the measured PM mass and OP with the CalEnviroScreen database. This is the first study in the US to uncover a disproportionate burden of OP for people in lower socioeconomic position. The correlational analysis also suggests that the OH assay may be promising in predicting particle-induced adverse health outcomes. My study on OH chemistry extends to the cloud water context. The OH burst, a recently discovered fast OH formation phenomenon in nascent cloud droplets, contributes to OH radicals exceeding all conventional aqueous phase processes. This discovery suggests a pivotal role of OH burst in aerosol oxidation and aging, yet our understanding of this chemistry is limited. I conducted field campaigns to measure the OH burst for different types of aerosols using the newly developed Direct-to-Reagent method and investigated the variations in the OH burst. I further assessed the degree to which ambient particles we collected encountered clouds along their backward trajectories with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results highlight that biomass burning organic aerosol is the largest predictor of the OH burst. Strong negative associations between OH formation and cloud processing history indicate the role of cloud water as a critical medium of OH chemistry. These findings on the dominant factors of the OH burst chemistry shed light on a parametrization of the chemistry within global models for evaluating its broader impacts on the global OH budget, aerosol oxidation, and climate.

Investigating the Source of Particulate Matter Toxicity: Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species from Biomass Burning Components in Lung Lining Fluids and Characterization of Toxic Components

Download Investigating the Source of Particulate Matter Toxicity: Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species from Biomass Burning Components in Lung Lining Fluids and Characterization of Toxic Components PDF Online Free

Author : David Hilario Gonzalez-Martinez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating the Source of Particulate Matter Toxicity: Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species from Biomass Burning Components in Lung Lining Fluids and Characterization of Toxic Components by : David Hilario Gonzalez-Martinez

Download or read book Investigating the Source of Particulate Matter Toxicity: Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species from Biomass Burning Components in Lung Lining Fluids and Characterization of Toxic Components written by David Hilario Gonzalez-Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies have shown that inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, asthma and cancer. However, the underlying biological mechanisms and PM components responsible for adverse health outcomes are poorly understood. Induction of oxidative stress mediated by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one hypothesis for PM induced health effects. The PM components responsible for ROS generation and under conditions relevant to the lung are not well known. Inhalation of PM containing of water-soluble like substances (HULIS) are thought to disrupt cellular iron homeostasis, contributing to the development of pulmonary inflammation and disease. Cigarette smoke and wood smoke contain significant amounts of HULIS, but there is scant literature characterizing HULIS in these particles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a toxic aldehyde traditionally measured in biological systems as a marker for oxidative stress. Interestingly, a handful of literature suggests that MDA may be present in ambient PM, potentially adding to the toxicity of inhaled PM. However, no study has quantified MDA in ambient PM. In this work we apply the terephthalate probe, thermodynamic modeling and chemical kinetics modeling to elucidate mechanisms of OH generation from HULIS-Fe interactions in simulated lung fluids (SLF) and human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). We employ fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy to characterize HULIS isolated from the water-soluble fraction of cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke particles. We apply the 2-thiobarbituric acid method on biomass burning and urban PM2.5 to quantify ambient particle phase MDA for the first time. We use Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) as a surrogate for HULIS and investigate its impact on OH generation from Fe(II) in SLF and BALF. Model and experimental results are used to find best-fit rate coefficients for key reactions. In SLF, modeling results indicate SRFA strongly chelates Fe species and enhances Fe-mediated reduction of O2 to O2- to 5.1 1.5 M-1 s-1 and destruction of H2O2 to (4.3 1.4) 103 M-1 s-1. In BALF, the dominant Fe binding protein is albumin but the impact of albumin-Fe complexes on ROS generation has never been defined. Using a rate limiting approximation and experiments measuring OH generation, we estimate that the rate constant for albumin-Fe mediated O2 to O2- reduction is (1.8 0.1) M-1 s-1. We also estimate the rate constant for SRFA-Fe(II) mediated O2 to O2- reduction to be 2.7 0.3 M-1 s-1. Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used on HULIS isolated from cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke particles. Fluorescence spectra indicate that HULIS in both cigarette smoke condensate and wood smoke contains fluorophores that closely resemble those of SRFA. FTIR spectroscopy further indicates that isolated HULIS contain similar organic functional groups as SRFA, but with higher aliphatic, ether, primary alcohol, organonitrogen character. Using the 2-thiobarbiutric acid assay, we estimate ambient malondialdehyde concentrations to be 40.7 ng/m3 - 75.3 ng/m3 in biomass burning and urban PM2.5 extracts, making up an average of (1.37 0.12) 10-2 % of total PM2.5 mass. These concentrations are comparable to previous field measurements of particle phase methylglyoxal and malonic acid, two similar atmospheric carbonyls.

Identification of the Chemical Compounds Responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Particulate Matter

Author : Jessica Grace Charrier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321014594
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of the Chemical Compounds Responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Particulate Matter by : Jessica Grace Charrier

Download or read book Identification of the Chemical Compounds Responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Particulate Matter written by Jessica Grace Charrier and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes both morbidity and mortality in humans. PM is a dynamic mixture of chemical species, with a composition that changes rapidly in space and time. Regulation to protect public health is based on the mass concentration of particles in the air, without regard to the chemical composition or their physical properties. While the mass of particles inhaled is generally strongly correlated with human mortality, there is emerging evidence that the chemical composition of PM may be more important in determining health outcomes. If we can identify which chemical components of particles induce toxicity we may be able to improve public health by focusing regulations on sources that emit the hazardous chemicals. While PM toxicity is not completely understood, one important mechanism is the ability of PM to cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when adverse oxidants overwhelm the body's antioxidant defenses, causing damage to cells, DNA and other vital biological molecules. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a class of oxidants that include superoxide (·O2−), hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) and hydroxyl radical (·OH). These ROS are produced from subsequent one electron additions to dissolved molecular oxygen, which is present in high concentrations in the lung. When PM deposits in the lungs it can produce ROS directly, by introducing exogenous chemicals that react with the lung fluid to catalytically form ROS, or indirectly by inducing a biological response. This research aims to understand the detailed chemistry of direct ROS production from the chemical species common in ambient PM and to identify which of these are most likely responsible for direct oxidant production from PM. In Chapters 2-4 we characterize HOOH and ·OH production in a surrogate lung fluid from chemicals common in ambient PM. We quantitatively measure the rates of HOOH and ·OH production from individual and mixed laboratory solutions of ten transition metals and four quinones and apply our result to ambient PM samples. Based on our results and typical concentrations of transition metals and quinones in ambient PM, HOOH is primarily produced by soluble copper (Cu) while both soluble iron (Fe) and Cu are responsible for ·OH production. Quinones can contribute a small percentage to HOOH and ·OH production, but only at very high ambient quinone concentrations. In Chapters 5-6 we characterize the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, which is a commonly used measure of the chemical oxidative potential of PM. This assay measures the rate of loss of DTT as a proxy for the ability of PM to shuttle electrons from biological reductants to dissolved O2 and thus ROS. In Chapter 5 we measure the rate of DTT loss from laboratory solutions of transition metals, quinones, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, both individually and in mixtures. We find that Cu is likely responsible for the majority of DTT loss in ambient PM samples, while manganese (Mn) and phenanthrenequinone (PQN) are also important contributors. In Chapter 6 we measure the rate of DTT loss and the composition of soluble metals from 38 ambient PM samples collected from Fresno, California. We find that Cu and Mn explain DTT response in nearly all of the samples, and that quinones make only minor contributions to DTT loss. Overall, Cu is the single most important redox-active compound in all three assays, likely contributing between 50 - 100% of total response. Fe is important for ·OH production but not HOOH production or DTT loss. Fe does affect the production of HOOH by rapidly converting it to ·OH, and thus suppressing the initial rate of HOOH production by an average of 44%. Mn and PQN are important for DTT loss but not for ·OH or HOOH production. These results provide an understanding of the oxidative stress and specific oxidants that will be formed from different chemical mixtures in the lungs. These results should be used to inform future in vivo and epidemiological research. Sources that emit particles enriched in soluble Cu likely cause ROS production in the lungs, and should be investigated further.

Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Author : Ismail Laher
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642300172
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants by : Ismail Laher

Download or read book Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility

Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030311252
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility by : Wael Al-Delaimy

Download or read book Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

Measurement, Analysis and Remediation of Environmental Pollutants

Author : Tarun Gupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811505403
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement, Analysis and Remediation of Environmental Pollutants by : Tarun Gupta

Download or read book Measurement, Analysis and Remediation of Environmental Pollutants written by Tarun Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses contamination of water, air, and soil media. The book covers health effects of such contamination and discusses remedial measures to improve the situation. Contributions by experts provide a comprehensive discussion on the latest developments in the detection and analysis of contaminants, enabling researchers to understand the evolution of these pollutants in real time and develop more accurate source apportionment of these pollutants. The contents of this book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policy makers alike.

Particle-Lung Interactions

Author : Peter Gehr
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420072579
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle-Lung Interactions by : Peter Gehr

Download or read book Particle-Lung Interactions written by Peter Gehr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an expanded team of leading international scientists, the second edition thoroughly investigates research and therapies for managing adverse physiological effects of air-borne particles on the respiratory tract. The book examines the lung as the gateway for particle damage to organs outside the respiratory system and provide the informat

Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI

Author : Clemens Mensink
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030220559
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI by : Clemens Mensink

Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; atmospheric aerosols. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 36th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Ottawa, Canada, May 14-18, 2018. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.

Particle Toxicology

Author : Ken Donaldson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420003143
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Toxicology by : Ken Donaldson

Download or read book Particle Toxicology written by Ken Donaldson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-21 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to particles in industry and mining and from accidental anthropogenic sources constitutes an ongoing threat. Most recently nanoparticles arising from advances in technology are exposing a wider population to pathogenic stimuli. The effects of inhaled particles are no longer confined to the lung as nanoparticles have the potential to transl

Redox Proteomics

Author : Isabella Dalle-Donne
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471973114
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (719 download)

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Book Synopsis Redox Proteomics by : Isabella Dalle-Donne

Download or read book Redox Proteomics written by Isabella Dalle-Donne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology and applications of redox proteomics The relatively new and rapidly changing field of redox proteomics has the potential to revolutionize how we diagnose disease, assess risks, determine prognoses, and target therapeutic strategies for people with inflammatory and aging-associated diseases. This collection brings together, in one comprehensive volume, a broad array of information and insights into normal and altered physiology, molecular mechanisms of disease states, and new applications of the rapidly evolving techniques of proteomics. Written by some of the finest investigators in this area, Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases examines the key topics of redox proteomics and redox control of cellular function, including: * The role of oxidized proteins in various disorders * Pioneering studies on the development of redox proteomics * Analytical methodologies for identification and structural characterization of proteins affected by oxidative/nitrosative modifications * The response and regulation of protein oxidation in different cell types * The pathological implications of protein oxidation for conditions, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, and Alzheimer's disease Distinguished by its in-depth discussions, balanced methodological approach, and emphasis on medical applications and diagnosis development, Redox Proteomics is a rich resource for all professionals with an interest in proteomics, cellular physiology and its alterations in disease states, and related fields.

Science and Decisions

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309120462
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Decisions by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease

Author : Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128130075
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease by : Ronald Ross Watson

Download or read book Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, Second Edition describes the mechanisms of polyphenol antioxidant activities and their use in disease prevention. Chapters highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols on key dendritic cells, how they modulate and suppress inflammation, and how they are inactivated or activated by metabolism in the gut and circulating blood. Polyphenols have proven effective for key health benefits, including bone health, organ health, cardiac and vascular conditions, absorption and metabolism, and cancer and diseases of the immune system. They are a unique group of phytochemicals that are present in all fruits, vegetables and other plant products. This very diverse and multi-functional group of active plant compounds contain powerful antioxidant properties and exhibit remarkable chemical, biological and physiological properties, including cancer prevention and cardio-protective activities. - Expands coverage on green tea, cocoa, wine, cumin and herbs - Outlines their chemical properties, bioavailability and metabolomics - Provides a self-teaching guide to learn the mechanisms of action and health benefits of polyphenols

Pathology of the Lungs E-Book

Author : Bryan Corrin
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702046221
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathology of the Lungs E-Book by : Bryan Corrin

Download or read book Pathology of the Lungs E-Book written by Bryan Corrin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on practical diagnostic problem solving, Pathology of the Lungs, 3rd Edition provides the pulmonary pathologist and the general surgical pathologist with an accessible, comprehensive guide to the recognition and interpretation of common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung conditions. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The text is lavishly illustrated with the highest quality illustrations which accurately depict the histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologic findings under consideration and it is supplemented throughout with practical tips and advice from two internationally respected experts. The user-friendly design and format allows rapid access to essential information and the incorporation throughout of relevant clinical and radiographic information makes it a complete diagnostic resource inside the reporting room. Approximately 1,000 high quality full color illustrations.Provides the user with a complete visual guide to each specimen and assists in the recognition and diagnosis of any slide looked at under the microscope. Comprehensive coverage of both common and rare lung diseases and disorders. One stop consultation resource for the reporting room or study, no need to go further to get questions answered. Clinical background and ancillary radiographs incorporated throughout.Provides the user with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report. Practical advice and tips from two of the world’s recognized experts. Provides the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens. Consistent and uniform approach incorporated for each disease and disorder (Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, pathologic features, differential diagnosis) User-friendly format enables quick and easy navigation to the key information required. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and graphs throughout the text. Helps simplify and clarify complex concepts and facilitates “at a glance comparisons between entities. Extensive reference list highlights landmark articles as well as including most up-to-date citations. Directs the trainee and practitioner to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading and investigation