Formal Reasoning

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An Invitation to Formal Reasoning

Author : Fred Sommers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351958607
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis An Invitation to Formal Reasoning by : Fred Sommers

Download or read book An Invitation to Formal Reasoning written by Fred Sommers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Invitation to Formal Reasoning introduces the discipline of formal logic by means of a powerful new system formulated by Fred Sommers. This system, term logic, is different in a number of ways from the standard system employed in modern logic; most striking is its greater simplicity and naturalness. Based on a radically different theory of logical syntax than the one Frege used when initiating modern mathematical logic in the 19th Century, term logic borrows insights from Aristotle's syllogistic, Scholastic logicians, Leibniz, and the 19th century British algebraists. Term logic takes its syntax directly from natural language, construing statements as combinations of pairs of terms, where complex terms are taken to have the same syntax as statements. Whereas standard logic requires extensive 'translation' from natural language to symbolic language, term logic requires only 'transcription' into the symbolic language. Its naturalness is the result of its ability to stay close to the forms of sentences usually found in every day discourse. Written by the founders of the term logic approach, An Invitation to Formal Reasoning is a unique introduction and exploration of this new system, offering numerous exercises and examples throughout the text. Summarising the standard system of mathematical logic to set term logic in context, and showing how the two systems compare, this book presents an alternative approach to standard modern logic for those studying formal logic, philosophy of language or computer theory. Fred Sommers is Professor Emeritus, Brandeis University, USA; George Englebretsen is Professor of Philosophy, Bishop's University, Canada.

Logic as a Tool

Author : Valentin Goranko
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118880048
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic as a Tool by : Valentin Goranko

Download or read book Logic as a Tool written by Valentin Goranko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a clear, precise and user-friendly style, Logic as a Tool: A Guide to Formal Logical Reasoning is intended for undergraduates in both mathematics and computer science, and will guide them to learn, understand and master the use of classical logic as a tool for doing correct reasoning. It offers a systematic and precise exposition of classical logic with many examples and exercises, and only the necessary minimum of theory. The book explains the grammar, semantics and use of classical logical languages and teaches the reader how grasp the meaning and translate them to and from natural language. It illustrates with extensive examples the use of the most popular deductive systems -- axiomatic systems, semantic tableaux, natural deduction, and resolution -- for formalising and automating logical reasoning both on propositional and on first-order level, and provides the reader with technical skills needed for practical derivations in them. Systematic guidelines are offered on how to perform logically correct and well-structured reasoning using these deductive systems and the reasoning techniques that they employ. •Concise and systematic exposition, with semi-formal but rigorous treatment of the minimum necessary theory, amply illustrated with examples •Emphasis both on conceptual understanding and on developing practical skills •Solid and balanced coverage of syntactic, semantic, and deductive aspects of logic •Includes extensive sets of exercises, many of them provided with solutions or answers •Supplemented by a website including detailed slides, additional exercises and solutions For more information browse the book's website at: https://logicasatool.wordpress.com

Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture

Author : Kenneth Liberman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0742576868
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture by : Kenneth Liberman

Download or read book Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture written by Kenneth Liberman and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tibetan Buddhist scholar-monks have long engaged in face-to-face public philosophical debates. This original study challenges Orientalist text-based scholarship, which has overlooked these lived practices of Tibetan dialectics. Kenneth Liberman brings these dynamic disputations to life for the modern reader through a richly detailed, turn-by-turn analysis of the monks' formal philosophical reasoning. He argues that Tibetan Buddhists deliberately organize their debates into formal structures that both empower and constrain thinking, skillfully using logic as an interactional tool to organize their reflections. During his three years in residence at Tibetan monastic universities, Liberman observed and videotaped the monks' debates. He then transcribed, translated, and analyzed them using multimedia software and ethnomethodological techniques, which enabled him to scrutinize the local methods that Tibetan debaters use to keep their philosophical inquiries alive. His study shows the monks rely on such indigenous dialectical methods as extending an opponent's position to its absurd consequences, "pulling the rug out" from under an opponent, and other lively strategies. This careful investigation of the formal philosophical work of Tibetan scholars is a pathbreaking analysis of an important classical tradition.

Tools of Thought

Author : Peter H. Barnett
Publisher : Schenkman Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Tools of Thought by : Peter H. Barnett

Download or read book Tools of Thought written by Peter H. Barnett and published by Schenkman Books. This book was released on 1981 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Formal Theories of Information

Author : Giovanni Sommaruga
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642006582
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Information by : Giovanni Sommaruga

Download or read book Formal Theories of Information written by Giovanni Sommaruga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the scientific outcome of a joint effort of the computer science departments of the universities of Berne, Fribourg and Neuchâtel. Within an initiative devoted to "Information and Knowledge", these research groups collaborated over several years on issues of logic, probability, inference, and deduction. The goal of this volume is to examine whether there is any common ground between the different approaches to the concept of information. The structure of this book could be represented by a circular model, with an innermost syntactical circle, comprising statistical and algorithmic approaches; a second, larger circle, the semantical one, in which "meaning" enters the stage; and finally an outermost circle, the pragmatic one, casting light on real-life logical reasoning. These articles are complemented by two philosophical contributions exploring the wide conceptual field as well as taking stock of the articles on the various formal theories of information.

Logic

Author : Donald Kalish
Publisher : Harcourt Brace College Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic by : Donald Kalish

Download or read book Logic written by Donald Kalish and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1964 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, 2/e is an introductory volume that teaches students to recognize and construct correct deductions. It takes students through all logical steps--from premise to conclusion--and presents appropriate symbols and terms, while giving examples to clarifyprinciples. Logic, 2/e uses models to establish the invalidity of arguments, and includes exercise sets throughout, ranging from easy to challenging. Solutions are provided to selected exercises, and historical remarks discuss major contributions to the theories covered.

Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications

Author : Christiano Braga
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319150758
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications by : Christiano Braga

Download or read book Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications written by Christiano Braga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2014, held in Maceió, Brazil, in September/October 2014. The 9 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. SBMF is an event devoted to the dissemination of the development and use of formal methods for the construction of high quality computational systems, aiming to promote opportunities for researchers with interests in formal methods to discuss the recent advances in this area.

A Tool to Support Formal Reasoning about Computer Languages

Author : Richard Boulton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis A Tool to Support Formal Reasoning about Computer Languages by : Richard Boulton

Download or read book A Tool to Support Formal Reasoning about Computer Languages written by Richard Boulton and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "A tool to support formal reasoning about computer languages and specific language texts is described. The intention is to provide a tool that can build a formal reasoning system in a mechanical theorem prover from two specifications, one for the syntax of the language and one for the semantics. A parser, pretty-printer and internal representations are generated from the former. Logical representations of syntax and semantics, and associated theorem proving tools, are generated from the combination of the two specifications. The main aim is to eliminate tedious work from the task of prototyping a reasoning tool for a computer language, but the abstract specifications of the language also assist the automation of proof."

Cognitive Science

Author : Bruno G. Bara
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317277562
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science by : Bruno G. Bara

Download or read book Cognitive Science written by Bruno G. Bara and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1995, this book is about the conduct of cognitive science rather than what cognitive science is. It has three main objectives. First, it describes the birth of cognitive science. Second, it outlines the method of enquiry which characterises and defines cognitive science. This method uses the techniques of artificial intelligence based on the assumption that mental activity can, in principle, be reproduced by a computer program. Third, the book describes the state of the art in relevant areas, with particular attention to application fields such as pedagogics, human–machine interaction, and psychotherapy. The developmental approach is emphasised and highlights the fact that developmental aspects are essential in order to comprehend the steady mode of functioning achieved once a person has reached total maturity. Cognitive science is not presented as a definitive method for the analysis of the mind, though the author’s conclusion is that it is the best of all possible methods today. At the time of publication this book would have been useful as an advanced textbook for students on courses specialising in cognitive science, and as a source of further information for those working in related areas such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, and computer science. It will still be of interest to experts and students in the field of cognitive science.

The Development of Formal Reasoning

Author : Kevin Francis Collis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780725902292
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Formal Reasoning by : Kevin Francis Collis

Download or read book The Development of Formal Reasoning written by Kevin Francis Collis and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Formal Methods: State of the Art and New Directions

Author : Paul Boca
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848827369
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Methods: State of the Art and New Directions by : Paul Boca

Download or read book Formal Methods: State of the Art and New Directions written by Paul Boca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through fundamental contributions from leading researchers, this volume describes the use of formal modeling methods in the areas of requirements, design and validation. The self-contained chapters provide readers with rich background information and a diverse breadth of specialist material.

Ethnographies of Reason

Author : Eric Livingston
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317140680
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnographies of Reason by : Eric Livingston

Download or read book Ethnographies of Reason written by Eric Livingston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the most eminent scholars in the field, Ethnographies of Reason is a unique book in terms of the studies it presents, the perspective it develops and the research techniques it illustrates. Using concrete case study materials throughout, Eric Livingston offers a fundamentally different, ethnographic approach to the study of skill and reasoning. At the same time, he addresses a much neglected topic in the literature, illustrating practical techniques of ethnomethodological research and showing how such studies are actually conducted. The book is a major contribution to ethnomethodology, to social science methodology and to the study of skill and reasoning more generally.

Computer-Aided Reasoning

Author : Matt Kaufmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475731884
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Reasoning by : Matt Kaufmann

Download or read book Computer-Aided Reasoning written by Matt Kaufmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer-Aided Reasoning: ACL2 Case Studies illustrates how the computer-aided reasoning system ACL2 can be used in productive and innovative ways to design, build, and maintain hardware and software systems. Included here are technical papers written by twenty-one contributors that report on self-contained case studies, some of which are sanitized industrial projects. The papers deal with a wide variety of ideas, including floating-point arithmetic, microprocessor simulation, model checking, symbolic trajectory evaluation, compilation, proof checking, real analysis, and several others. Computer-Aided Reasoning: ACL2 Case Studies is meant for two audiences: those looking for innovative ways to design, build, and maintain hardware and software systems faster and more reliably, and those wishing to learn how to do this. The former audience includes project managers and students in survey-oriented courses. The latter audience includes students and professionals pursuing rigorous approaches to hardware and software engineering or formal methods. Computer-Aided Reasoning: ACL2 Case Studies can be used in graduate and upper-division undergraduate courses on Software Engineering, Formal Methods, Hardware Design, Theory of Computation, Artificial Intelligence, and Automated Reasoning. The book is divided into two parts. Part I begins with a discussion of the effort involved in using ACL2. It also contains a brief introduction to the ACL2 logic and its mechanization, which is intended to give the reader sufficient background to read the case studies. A more thorough, textbook introduction to ACL2 may be found in the companion book, Computer-Aided Reasoning: An Approach. The heart of the book is Part II, where the case studies are presented. The case studies contain exercises whose solutions are on the Web. In addition, the complete ACL2 scripts necessary to formalize the models and prove all the properties discussed are on the Web. For example, when we say that one of the case studies formalizes a floating-point multiplier and proves it correct, we mean that not only can you read an English description of the model and how it was proved correct, but you can obtain the entire formal content of the project and replay the proofs, if you wish, with your copy of ACL2. ACL2 may be obtained from its home page. The results reported in each case study, as ACL2 input scripts, as well as exercise solutions for both books, are available from this page.

Formal Correctness of Security Protocols

Author : Giampaolo Bella
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540681361
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Correctness of Security Protocols by : Giampaolo Bella

Download or read book Formal Correctness of Security Protocols written by Giampaolo Bella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-27 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author investigates proofs of correctness of realistic security protocols in a formal, intuitive setting. The protocols examined include Kerberos versions, smartcard protocols, non-repudiation protocols, and certified email protocols. The method of analysis turns out to be both powerful and flexible. This research advances significant extensions to the method of analysis, while the findings on the protocols analysed are novel and illuminating.

Reason and Nature

Author : José Luis Bermúdez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199256839
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (568 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and Nature by : José Luis Bermúdez

Download or read book Reason and Nature written by José Luis Bermúdez and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a series of essays nine philosophers and two psychologists address three main themes: the status of norms of rationality; the precise form taken by them; and the role of norms in belief and actions.

Formal Methods for Components and Objects

Author : Frank S. de Boer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540291318
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Methods for Components and Objects by : Frank S. de Boer

Download or read book Formal Methods for Components and Objects written by Frank S. de Boer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal methods have been applied successfully to the verification of medium-sized programs in protocol and hardware design. However, their application to the development of large systems requires more emphasis on specification, modelling and validation techniques supporting the concepts of reusability and modifiability, and their implementation in new extensions of existing programming languages. This book presents revised tutorial lectures given by invited speakers at the Third International Symposium on Formal Methods for Components and Objects, FMCO 2004, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in November 2004. The 14 revised lectures by leading researchers present a comprehensive account of the potential of formal methods applied to large and complex software systems such as component-based systems and object systems. The book provides an unique combination of ideas on software engineering and formal methods that reflect the expanding body of knowledge on modern software systems.

Formal Ontology in Information Systems

Author : B. Bennett
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1607502119
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Ontology in Information Systems by : B. Bennett

Download or read book Formal Ontology in Information Systems written by B. Bennett and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006-10-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in areas such as artificial intelligence, formal and computational linguistics, biomedical informatics, conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering and information retrieval have come to realise that a solid foundation for their research calls for serious work in ontology, understood as a general theory of the types of entities and relations that make up their respective domains of inquiry. In all these areas, attention is now being focused on the content of information rather than on just the formats and languages used to represent information. The clearest example of this development is provided by the many initiatives growing up around the project of the Semantic Web. And, as the need for integrating research in these different fields arises, so does the realisation that strong principles for building well-founded ontologies might provide significant advantages over ad hoc, case-based solutions. The tools of formal ontology address precisely these needs, but a real effort is required in order to apply such philosophical tools to the domain of information systems. Reciprocally, research in the information sciences raises specific ontological questions which call for further philosophical investigations. The purpose of FOIS is to provide a forum for genuine interdisciplinary exchange in the spirit of a unified effort towards solving the problems of ontology, with an eye to both theoretical issues and concrete applications. This book contains a wide range of areas, all of which are important to the development of formal ontologies.