Forests and Woodlands

Download Forests and Woodlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781855858428
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (584 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forests and Woodlands by : Richard Taylor

Download or read book Forests and Woodlands written by Richard Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handy guide will help you capture the beauty of different tree and leaf shapes, seasonal colors, the textures of barks, roots, and mosses, and much more. Convey lush foliage in a few brush strokes. Make autumn leaves glow. Add detailing to a woodland floor. Your paintings and confidence will “bloom.” “Irresistible.”—Library Journal.

California Forests and Woodlands

Download California Forests and Woodlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520202481
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis California Forests and Woodlands by : Verna R. Johnston

Download or read book California Forests and Woodlands written by Verna R. Johnston and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1996-06-16 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From majestic Redwoods to ancient Western Bristlecone Pines, California's trees have long inspired artists, poets, naturalists—and real estate developers. Verna Johnston's splendid book, illustrated with her superb color photographs and Carla Simmons's detailed black-and-white drawings, now offers an unparalleled view of the Golden State's world-renowned forests and woodlands. In clear, vivid prose, Johnston introduces each of the state's dominant forest types. She describes the unique characteristics of the trees and the interrelationships of the plants and animals living among them, and she analyzes how fire, flood, fungi, weather, soil, and humans have affected the forest ecology. The world of forest and woodland animals comes alive in these pages—the mating games, predation patterns, communal life, and the microscopic environment of invertebrates and fungi are all here. Johnston also presents a sobering view of the environmental hazards that threaten the state's trees: acid snow, ozone, blister rust, over-logging. Noting the interconnectedness of the diverse life forms within tree regions, she suggests possible answers to the problems currently plaguing these areas. Enriched by the observations of early naturalists and Johnston's many years of fieldwork, this is a book that will be welcomed by all who care about California's treasured forests and woodlands.

Positive Impact Forestry

Download Positive Impact Forestry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597266175
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Positive Impact Forestry by : Thomas J. McEvoy

Download or read book Positive Impact Forestry written by Thomas J. McEvoy and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positive Impact Forestry is a primer for private woodland owners and their managers on managing their land and forests to protect both ecological and economic vitality. Moving beyond the concept of "low impact forestry," Thom McEvoy brings together the latest scientific understanding and insights to describe an approach to managing forests that meets the needs of landowners while at the same time maintaining the integrity of forest ecosystems. "Positive impact forestry" emphasizes forestry's potential to achieve sustainable benefits both now and into the future, with long-term investment superseding short-term gain, and the needs of families -- especially future generations -- exceeding those of individuals. Thom McEvoy offers a thorough discussion of silvicultural basics, synthesizing and explaining the current state of forestry science on topics such as forest soils, tree roots, form and function in trees, and the effects of different harvesting methods on trees, soil organisms, and sites. He also offers invaluable advice on financial, legal, and management issues, ranging from finding the right forestry professionals to managing for products other than timber to passing forest lands and management legacies on to future generations. Positive Impact Forestry helps readers understand the impacts of deliberate human activities on forests and offers viable strategies that provide benefits without damaging ecosystems. It speaks directly to private forest owners and their advisers and represents an innovative guide for anyone concerned with protecting forest ecosystems, timber production, land management, and the long-term health of forests. Named the "Best Forestry Book for 2004" by the National Woodlands Owners Association

Forests in Our World

Download Forests in Our World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : TeNeues
ISBN 13 : 9783961712182
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forests in Our World by : Gunther Willinger

Download or read book Forests in Our World written by Gunther Willinger and published by TeNeues. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - A richly illustrated overview of forest formations worldwide, fascinating in their diversity - Organized according to climatic zones, with detailed information, images, and maps - A vital overview of our forest ecosystems, how they work, and why they matter Forests are the green lungs of the world, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. They filter our air, provide drinking water, and help stabilize our climate. They also vary greatly by region, providing a home to a rich diversity of animal, plant, and tree species around the globe. Wherever you find a forest, it's sure to be a place of beauty, stillness, freshness, and replenishment. Today, more and more people are discovering the forest as a space in which to recharge their batteries but at the same time, more and more forest areas are being damaged or destroyed by human activity. Global deforestation is not a doom-laden future hypothesis, but a reality. Every year, forest areas the size of Austria are lost to the cultivation of crops, livestock, and the expansion of cities and infrastructure. This book is a tribute to and exploration of forests at a time when we urgently need to understand and protect them. It explores different forest types and their development according to local climate and soil conditions. It takes us deep into the Amazonian rain forest and looks at why this area is both particularly precious and highly vulnerable to damage. It maps the largest contiguous forest areas and examines why a mixed forest is more resilient than a monoculture. A rich source of information for all those concerned with the natural world, climate change, and environmental protection, this illustrated book is also a beautiful immersion in the arboreal refuges of our planet. From the vibrancy of the tropics and subtropics to the mythical deciduous forests of Europe and the vast boreal coniferous breadth that stretches over the northern hemisphere, this is a vital journey through the precious green ecosystems around the globe

Ecology of Woodlands and Forests

Download Ecology of Woodlands and Forests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052183452X
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecology of Woodlands and Forests by : Peter Thomas

Download or read book Ecology of Woodlands and Forests written by Peter Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-26 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, non-technical account of the structure and evolution of woodlands and forests, first published in 2007.

The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa

Download The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136531378
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa by : Emmanuel N. Chidumayo

Download or read book The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa written by Emmanuel N. Chidumayo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dry forests and woodlands of Sub-Saharan Africa are major ecosystems, with a broad range of strong economic and cultural incentives for keeping them intact. However, few people are aware of their importance, compared to tropical rainforests, despite them being home to more than half of the continent's population. This unique book brings together scientific knowledge on this topic from East, West, and Southern Africa and describes the relationships between forests, woodlands, people and their livelihoods. Dry forest is defined as vegetation dominated by woody plants, primarily trees, the canopy of which covers more than 10 per cent of the ground surface, occurring in climates with a dry season of three months or more. This broad definition - wider than those used by many authors - incorporates vegetation types commonly termed woodland, shrubland, thicket, savanna, wooded grassland, as well as dry forest in its strict sense. The book provides a comparative analysis of management experiences from the different geographic regions, emphasizing the need to balance the utilization of dry forests and woodland products between current and future human needs. Further, the book explores the techniques and strategies that can be deployed to improve the management of African dry forests and woodlands for the benefit of all, but more importantly, the communities that live off these vegetation formations. Thus, the book lays a foundation for improving the management of dry forests and woodlands for the wide range of products and services they provide.

Mushrooms in Forests and Woodlands

Download Mushrooms in Forests and Woodlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113653816X
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mushrooms in Forests and Woodlands by : Anthony B. Cunningham

Download or read book Mushrooms in Forests and Woodlands written by Anthony B. Cunningham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many mushrooms - or the 'fruits of fungi' - are extremely valuable, wild-gathered products which are utilised for both their medicinal properties and as food. In many of the world's tropical and temperate forests, they are the primary source of income for the people who live there. These forests range from temperate woodlands and small forests to high altitude forests in the Himalaya and tropical miombo woodlands in south-central Africa. In south-west China, over 200 species of wild fungi in 64 genera are commercially traded while in Europe and North America, woodlands and small forests are the source of many highly-prized mushrooms and an essential resource for many small enterprises and collectors. Yet the increased demand for timber has resulted in the rapid expansion of forestry, which in turn has destroyed the natural habitat of many fungi, unbalancing both forest economics and ecology. Despite the economic, social and cultural values of fungi, there is a general lack of understanding of their importance to local livelihoods and forest ecology. This book aims to fill this gap and extends the People and Plants Conservation Series beyond the plant kingdom into the related world of fungi and mushrooms. It demonstrates the crucial roles that fungi play in maintaining forest ecosystems and the livelihoods of rural people throughout the world while providing good practice guidelines for the sustainable management of this resource and an assessment of economic value. It brings together the perspectives of biologists, anthropologists and forest and woodland managers to provide a unique inter-disciplinary and international overview of the key issues.

All the Trees of the Forest

Download All the Trees of the Forest PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300189508
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis All the Trees of the Forest by : Alon Tal

Download or read book All the Trees of the Forest written by Alon Tal and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVIn this insightful and provocative book, Alon Tal provides a detailed account of Israeli forests, tracing their history from the Bible to the present, and outlines the effort to transform drylands and degraded soils into prosperous parks, rangelands, and ecosystems. Tal’s description of Israel’s trials and errors, and his exploration of both the environmental history and the current policy dilemmas surrounding that country's forests, will provide valuable lessons in the years to come for other parts of the world seeking to reestablish timberlands./div

Wetland, Woodland, Wildland

Download Wetland, Woodland, Wildland PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department
ISBN 13 : 9780977251735
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wetland, Woodland, Wildland by : Elizabeth H. Thompson

Download or read book Wetland, Woodland, Wildland written by Elizabeth H. Thompson and published by Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-published by The Vermont Fish & Widlife Department, The Nature Conservancy, and Vermont Land Trust--a revised and updated 2nd edition This book is a must-have for anyone wanting to understand Vermont's forests, wetlands, mountaintops, and shores. Richly illustrated with beautiful line drawings and stunning color photographs, this accessible field guide will delight outdoor explorers and armchair naturalists alike. The book starts with an introduction to the natural community concept and the factors influencing our natural systems, from wind and water to soil and rocks. Then, the book offers a lucid and enjoyable journey into Vermont's geologic past, with stories of colliding continents, sea floor sediments, and mysterious whale bones. This follows with a journey through all of Vermont's nine distinct biophysical regions, from the cold and wild Northeastern Highlands to the warm and dry Taconic Mountains. The bulk of the book describes Vermont's natural communities--its northern hardwood forests, dry oak woodlands, alpine tundra, cedar swamps, bogs, and marshes--in comprehensive detail. Ecological settings, including geology, soils, climate, and natural disturbance processes, are described for each community, along with complete lists of characteristic plants and animals, as well as places to visit. Wetland, Woodland, Wildland is the definitive guide to Vermont's natural communities, and is packed with information unavailable elsewhere. It offers practical information for naturalists, teachers, students, landowners, land managers, foresters, conservation planners, and all those with a love of nature who want to learn more about their surroundings. The first edition of this book, published in 2000, has become a mainstay for naturalists and students throughout Vermont and surrounding states and provinces. This second edition is completely updated to incorporate new research and a growing knowledge about natural communities, as well as a deeper understanding of climate change and its implications for conservation into the future. This newly updated book will be a prized addition to your natural history library, but it won't remain on the shelf. You will want to take it with you every time you explore the outdoors. Each paragraph will bring new insights and will deepen your understanding and appreciation of wild nature around you. You will surely want to share this book with friends.

Working with Your Woodland

Download Working with Your Woodland PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UPNE
ISBN 13 : 1611680697
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Working with Your Woodland by : Mollie Beattie

Download or read book Working with Your Woodland written by Mollie Beattie and published by UPNE. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landowner's manual for forest management in New England

Mississippi Forests and Forestry

Download Mississippi Forests and Forestry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 9781578063086
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mississippi Forests and Forestry by : James E. Fickle

Download or read book Mississippi Forests and Forestry written by James E. Fickle and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2001 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From prehistory to the present, people have harvested Mississippi's trees, cultivated and altered the woodlands, and hunted forest wildlife. Native Americans, the first foresters, periodically burned the undergrowth to improve hunting and to clear land for farming. Mississippi Forests and Forestry tells the story of human interaction with Mississippi's woodlands. With forty black-and-white images and extensive documentation, this history debunks long-held myths, such as the notion of the first settlers encountering "virgin" forests. Drawing on primary materials, government documents, newspapers, interviews, contemporary accounts, and secondary works, historian James E. Fickle describes an ongoing commerce between people and place, from Native American maintenance of the woods, to white exploration and settlement, to early economic activities in Mississippi's forests, to present-day conservation and responsible use. Viewed over time, issues of conservation are rarely one-sided. Mississippi Forests and Forestry describes how the rise of "scientific" forestry coincided with the efforts of some early lumber companies and industrial foresters to operate responsibly in harvesting trees and providing for reforestation. Surprisingly, the rise of the pulp and paper industry made reforestation possible in many parts of the state. Mississippi Forests and Forestry is a history of individuals as well as industries. The book looks closely at the ways the lumber industry operated in the woods and mills and at the living and working conditions of people in the industries. It argues that the early industrial foresters, some lumber companies, and pulp and paper manufacturers practiced utilitarian conservation. By the late 1950s, they accomplished what some considered a miracle. Mississippi's forests had been restored. With the rise of environmentalism in the 1960s, popular ideas concerning the proper management and use of forests changed. Practices such as clear-cutting, single-age management, and manufacturing by chip mills became highly controversial. Looking ahead, Mississippi Forests and Forestry examines the issues that remain heated topics of conservation and use.

Woodland and Forest

Download Woodland and Forest PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1465466150
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (654 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Woodland and Forest by : DK

Download or read book Woodland and Forest written by DK and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do forests form? What kind of animals live in forests? Packed with facts and activities, this book has these answers and more, and is a perfect introduction to the world of trees, leaves, and woodland animals for kids who are curious about nature. With amazing facts about fun topics like bark and buds, Woodland and Forest lets kids have fun and be innovative as they learn through simple activities like paper making and leave identification. It includes information on cold coniferous forests, dry deciduous woodland, and tropical rain forests, so kids can search the greenery wherever they are. With its natural look and feel and its practical approach to learning, Woodland and Forest is sure to encourage budding little explorers. Series Overview: DK's revised Nature Explorers series is a fantastic first set of books on the great outdoors for children ages 6 to 8. From birds to weather to the seashore and more, the key topics of each subject are explained with plenty of fun activities to do along the way, encouraging kids to investigate and record everything they see. Fully updated with a contemporary design, DK's Nature Explorer series is perfect for kids who are curious about the world outside and want to discover nature.

Forest Walking

Download Forest Walking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Greystone Books Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1771643323
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (716 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forest Walking by : Peter Wohlleben

Download or read book Forest Walking written by Peter Wohlleben and published by Greystone Books Ltd. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the New York Times-bestselling author of The Hidden Life of Trees, this guide to awakening your senses and engaging deeply with the forest is the perfect gift for hikers and walkers. “This book will fast-track you into the joys of spending time amongst the trees.”—Tristan Gooley, author of The Lost Art of Reading Nature’s Signs and How to Read Water "You'll be changed after reading this fine and enchanting book.”—Richard Louv, author of Our Wild Calling and Last Child in the Woods When you walk in the woods, do you use all five senses to explore your surroundings? For most of us, the answer is no—but when we do, a walk in the woods can go from pleasant to immersive and restorative. Forest Walking teaches you how to engage with the forest by decoding nature’s signs and awakening to the ancient past and thrilling present of the ecosystem around you. What can you learn by following the spread of a root, by tasting the tip of a branch, by searching out that bitter almond smell? What creatures can be found in a stream if you turn over a rock—and what is the best way to cross a forest stream, anyway? How can you understand a forest’s history by the feel of the path underfoot, the scars on the trees along the trail, or the play of sunlight through the branches? How can we safely explore the forest at night? What activities can we use to engage children with the forest? Throughout Forest Walking, the authors share experiences and observations from visiting forests across North America: from the rainforests and redwoods of the west coast to the towering white pines of the east, and down to the cypress swamps of the south and up to the boreal forests of the north. With Forest Walking, German forester Peter Wohlleben teams up with his longtime editor, Jane Billinghurst, as the two write their first book together, and the result is nothing short of spectacular. Together, they will teach you how to listen to what the forest is saying, no matter where you live or which trees you plan to visit next.

California Forests and Woodlands

Download California Forests and Woodlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520202481
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis California Forests and Woodlands by : Verna R. Johnston

Download or read book California Forests and Woodlands written by Verna R. Johnston and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1996-06-16 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From majestic Redwoods to ancient Western Bristlecone Pines, California's trees have long inspired artists, poets, naturalists—and real estate developers. Verna Johnston's splendid book, illustrated with her superb color photographs and Carla Simmons's detailed black-and-white drawings, now offers an unparalleled view of the Golden State's world-renowned forests and woodlands. In clear, vivid prose, Johnston introduces each of the state's dominant forest types. She describes the unique characteristics of the trees and the interrelationships of the plants and animals living among them, and she analyzes how fire, flood, fungi, weather, soil, and humans have affected the forest ecology. The world of forest and woodland animals comes alive in these pages—the mating games, predation patterns, communal life, and the microscopic environment of invertebrates and fungi are all here. Johnston also presents a sobering view of the environmental hazards that threaten the state's trees: acid snow, ozone, blister rust, over-logging. Noting the interconnectedness of the diverse life forms within tree regions, she suggests possible answers to the problems currently plaguing these areas. Enriched by the observations of early naturalists and Johnston's many years of fieldwork, this is a book that will be welcomed by all who care about California's treasured forests and woodlands.

The Forest and the City

Download The Forest and the City PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319750763
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Forest and the City by : Cecil C. Konijnendijk

Download or read book The Forest and the City written by Cecil C. Konijnendijk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-12 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amsterdamse Bos, Bois de Boulognes, Epping Forest, Hong Kong’s country parks, Stanley Park: throughout history cities across the world have developed close relationships with nearby woodland areas. In some cases, cities have even developed – and in some cases are promoting – a distinct ‘forest identity’. This book introduces the rich heritage of these city forests as cultural landscapes, and shows that cities and forests can be mutually beneficial. Essential reading for students and researchers interested in urban sustainability and urban forestry, this book also has much wider appeal. For with city forests playing an increasingly important role in local government sustainability programs, it provides an important reference for those involved in urban planning and decision making, public affairs and administration, and even public health. From providers of livelihoods to healthy recreational environments, and from places of inspiration and learning to a source of conflict, the book presents examples of city forests from around the world. These cases clearly illustrate how the social and cultural development of towns and forests has often gone hand in hand. They also reveal how better understanding of city forests as distinct cultural and social phenomena can help to strengthen synergies both between cities and forests, and between urban society and nature.

Wild Urban Woodlands

Download Wild Urban Woodlands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540268596
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wild Urban Woodlands by : Ingo Kowarik

Download or read book Wild Urban Woodlands written by Ingo Kowarik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first overview of the phemonemon of post-industrial urban wilderness: urban landscapes once shaped by heavy industry that are being re-colonized naturally by forests. These new types of urban woodlands are often overlooked by ecologists, foresters and planners. Individual chapters consider urban woodlands from the perspectives of ecology, environmental sociology, forestry, nature conservation and landscape architecture.

The Social Lives of Forests

Download The Social Lives of Forests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022602413X
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Social Lives of Forests by : Susanna B. Hecht

Download or read book The Social Lives of Forests written by Susanna B. Hecht and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests are in decline, and the threats these outposts of nature face—including deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation—are the result of human culture. Or are they? This volume calls these assumptions into question, revealing forests’ past, present, and future conditions to be the joint products of a host of natural and cultural forces. Moreover, in many cases the coalescence of these forces—from local ecologies to competing knowledge systems—has masked a significant contemporary trend of woodland resurgence, even in the forests of the tropics. Focusing on the history and current use of woodlands from India to the Amazon, The Social Lives of Forests attempts to build a coherent view of forests sited at the nexus of nature, culture, and development. With chapters covering the effects of human activities on succession patterns in now-protected Costa Rican forests; the intersection of gender and knowledge in African shea nut tree markets; and even the unexpectedly rich urban woodlands of Chicago, this book explores forests as places of significant human action, with complex institutions, ecologies, and economies that have transformed these landscapes in the past and continue to shape them today. From rain forests to timber farms, the face of forests—how we define, understand, and maintain them—is changing.