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Forest Structure Estimates From Naip Point Cloud Data
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Book Synopsis Forest Structure Estimates from NAIP Point Cloud Data by :
Download or read book Forest Structure Estimates from NAIP Point Cloud Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service uses mid-level vegetation maps for forest plan revisions and other forest planning tasks. The maps are composed of image segments that are attributed using data-mining tools to include dominant cover-type, canopy cover class, and tree size class. Although these map layers provide useful structure information, they lack canopy height information. In addition, the canopy cover and tree size layers are modeled from field collected or image interpreted training data, which can be resource intensive. One method for obtaining forest structure information is by using lidar data. However, lidar acquisitions can be cost prohibitive for forest-wide mapping and monitoring efforts. Stereo aerial imagery, which is less expensive and acquired more frequently than lidar, is another method for obtaining forest structure information. In 2015, multiple federal and state agencies purchased a 3D point cloud for the entire state of Wyoming as part of the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) contract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the suitability of using the NAIP point cloud to update and improve FS mid-level vegetation maps. To accomplish this, we created canopy cover and height products from the NAIP and used an independent lidar point cloud as a reference dataset for a portion of the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Mean values from each product were summarized and compared at the vegetation map segment level. Root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 4.28 to 18.43 percent for canopy cover and 2.09 to 8.72 m for canopy height. In addition, allometric equations for tree size were derived by using a combination of canopy height and the existing cover-type information. A workflow was developed for updating the existing mid-level vegetation maps with the canopy cover, height, and tree size information. The NAIP point cloud products were found to provide similar information as the lidar products under certain conditions, but contained many more errors and lacked the detail of the lidar data. In addition, the NAIP point cloud relied heavily on the lidar digital terrain model (DTM) to produce the canopy cover and height products. Future studies could explore methods for improving the NAIP point clouds and derived products.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada by : Qin Ma
Download or read book Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada written by Qin Ma and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Nevada forests have provided many economic benefits and ecological services to people in California, and the rest of the world. Dramatic changes are occurring in the forests due to climate warming and long-term fire suppression. Accurate mapping and monitoring are increasingly important to understand and manage the forests. Light Detection and Range (LiDAR), an active remote sensing technique, can penetrate the canopy and provide three-dimensional estimates of forest structures. LiDAR-based forest structural estimation has been demonstrated to be more efficient than field measurements and more accurate than those from passive remote sensing, like satellite imagery. Research in this dissertation aims at mapping and monitoring structural changes in Sierra Nevada forests by taking the advantages of LiDAR. We first evaluated LiDAR and fine resolution imagery-derived canopy cover estimates using different algorithms and data acquisition parameters. We suggested that LiDAR data obtained at 1 point/m2 with a scan angle smaller than 12°were sufficient for accurate canopy cover estimation in the Sierra Nevada mix-conifer forests. Fine resolution imagery is suitable for canopy cover estimation in forests with median density but may over or underestimate canopy cover in extremely coarse or dense forests. Then, a new LiDAR-based strategy was proposed to quantify tree growth and competition at individual tree and forest stand levels. Using this strategy, we illustrated how tree growth in two Sierra Nevada forests responded to tree competition, original tree sizes, forest density, and topography conditions; and identified that the tree volume growth was determined by the original tree sizes and competitions, but tree height and crown area growth were mostly influenced by water and space availability. Then, we calculated the forest biomass disturbance in a Sierra Nevada forest induced by fuel treatments using bi-temporal LiDAR data and field measurements. Using these results as references, we found that Landsat imagery-derived vegetation indices were suitable for quantifying canopy cover changes and biomass disturbances in forests with median density. Large uncertainties existed in applying the vegetation indices to quantify disturbance in extremely dense forests or forests only disturbed in the understory. Last, we assessed vegetation losses caused by the American Fire in 2013 using a new LiDAR point based method. This method was able to quantify fire-induced forest structure changes in basal area and leaf area index with lower uncertainties, compared with traditional LiDAR metrics and satellite imagery-derived vegetation indices. The studies presented in this dissertation can provide guidance for forest management in the Sierra Nevada, and potentially serve as useful tools for forest structural change monitoring in the rest of the world.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Book Synopsis Comparing Image-based Point Clouds, and Airborne Laser Scanning for Estimating Forest Structure Variables by : Sami Ullah
Download or read book Comparing Image-based Point Clouds, and Airborne Laser Scanning for Estimating Forest Structure Variables written by Sami Ullah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) 2019 by : Alessandro Matese
Download or read book Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) 2019 written by Alessandro Matese and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new platforms that have been increasingly used in the last few years for forestry applications that benefit from the added value of flexibility, low cost, reliability, autonomy, and capability of timely provision of high-resolution data. The main adopted image-based technologies are RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared. LiDAR sensors are becoming commonly used to improve the estimation of relevant plant traits. In comparison with other permanent ecosystems, forests are particularly affected by climatic changes due to the longevity of the trees, and the primary objective is the conservation and protection of forests. Nevertheless, forestry and agriculture involve the cultivation of renewable raw materials, with the difference that forestry is less tied to economic aspects and this is reflected by the delay in using new monitoring technologies. The main forestry applications are aimed toward inventory of resources, map diseases, species classification, fire monitoring, and spatial gap estimation. This Special Issue focuses on new technologies (UAV and sensors) and innovative data elaboration methodologies (object recognition and machine vision) for applications in forestry.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing Handbook - Three Volume Set by : Prasad Thenkabail
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook - Three Volume Set written by Prasad Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the three-volume Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies, and Land Reso
Book Synopsis Estimating Forest Structure from LiDAR and High Spatial Resolution Imagery for the Prediction of Succession and Species Composition by :
Download or read book Estimating Forest Structure from LiDAR and High Spatial Resolution Imagery for the Prediction of Succession and Species Composition written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and high spatial resolution data combined with advanced statistical techniques have, within the last decade, contributed significantly to advances in the development of enhanced Forest Resource Inventories (FRI). The goal of this research was to explore how these data sources and statistical techniques could be utilized for predicting successional stages and species composition within a complex temperate forest ecosystem in Ontario. This research also explored the possibility of generating tree lists from these same data sources that would forecast equivalent future forest conditions compared to in situ collected FRI data. For the characterization of vertical structure within forest stands a new LiDAR metric was developed, i.e., the Vertical Complexity Index (VCI). Logistic regressions were then applied to predict successional stages while boosted regression trees were adopted for the quantification of relative abundance of upper canopy species using LiDAR and high spatial resolution data. k-Nearest Neighbor imputation was used for generating individual juvenile tree information from LiDAR whereas adult tree information was generated from: i) an individual tree crown (ITC) classification; and ii) from predicted stem density and species' relative abundance. Successional stages were well predicted using LiDAR variables (i.e., VCI, Lorey's height and standard deviation of height) with a classification accuracy (Khat) of 86%. Average prediction accuracy was 0.71 when LiDAR variables related to biotic and disturbance processes were included. Correlations between in situ and imputed juvenile tree information were moderate, ranging from 0.50 to 0.69. Stem density model fit (adj. R2) was 0.51 for conifer and 0.74 for hardwood stands. As for generating adult tree lists, ITC significantly underestimated stem density while both approaches underestimated species composition. This research clearly demonstrated that LIDAR variables that capture structural forest attributes can successfully be used to characterize structurally distinct successional stages and upper canopy species' abundances in landscapes with limited topographical variation. Juvenile trees were more difficult to characterize with LiDAR variables as was the ability to generate tree lists. However, this research provides insights how to advance the characterization of juvenile trees and develop tree lists from LiDAR and high spatial resolution data.
Book Synopsis Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems by : Robert Klinger
Download or read book Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems written by Robert Klinger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dynamics in abundance of individual species, how species interact, how communities assemble, and how interactions between biotic and abiotic processes shape ecosystem stability. Many if not most of these hypotheses find some degree of support, but often only within relatively narrow spatial and temporal ranges. This is because conditions vary over time and from place to place, and so the strength and extent of processes that were the focus of a given a hypothesis become altered by other forces. Ecologists have confronted variability from two perspectives; conceptual and statistical. Conceptually, spatial and temporal variability are now recognized as being scale dependent and hierarchical. Statistically, there are many models that ecologists readily use that account for the hierarchical and scale-dependence of variability present in many datasets. But linking the two perspectives into a meaningful understanding of what variability means in real systems has been much less successful. For example, it is common to see studies where the fixed effects of a generalized linear mixed model are reported, but very often random effects are completely ignored or, at best, given scant attention. The likelihood of this being a significant problem increases greatly in what are rapidly becoming more common studies that utilize datasets spanning long temporal and/or large spatial scales, or when extreme and often unpredictable events (gray and black swans) occur.
Book Synopsis Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies by : Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail
Download or read book Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies written by Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Land Resources Monitoring, Modeling, and Mapping with Remote Sensing, and Remote Sensing of
Book Synopsis Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning by : Matti Maltamo
Download or read book Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning written by Matti Maltamo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies to provide data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the research and application of ALS in a broad range of forest-related disciplines, especially forest inventory and forest ecology. However, this book is more than just a collection of individual contributions – it consists of a well-composed blend of chapters dealing with fundamental methodological issues and contributions reviewing and illustrating the use of ALS within various domains of application. The reviews provide a comprehensive and unique overview of recent research and applications that researchers, students and practitioners in forest remote sensing and forest ecosystem assessment should consider as a useful reference text.
Download or read book FRAGSTATS written by Kevin McGarigal and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Elevation Data for Floodplain Mapping by : National Research Council
Download or read book Elevation Data for Floodplain Mapping written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floodplain maps serve as the basis for determining whether homes or buildings require flood insurance under the National Flood Insurance Program run by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Approximately $650 billion in insured assets are now covered under the program. FEMA is modernizing floodplain maps to better serve the program. However, concerns have been raised as to the adequacy of the base map information available to support floodplain map modernization. Elevation Data for Floodplain Mapping shows that there is sufficient two-dimensional base map imagery to meet FEMA's flood map modernization goals, but that the three-dimensional base elevation data that are needed to determine whether a building should have flood insurance are not adequate. This book makes recommendations for a new national digital elevation data collection program to redress the inadequacy. Policy makers; property insurance professionals; federal, local, and state governments; and others concerned with natural disaster prevention and preparedness will find this book of interest.
Download or read book Forest Inventory written by Annika Kangas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and could also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. We have set out to keep the mathematics in the book at a fairly non-technical level, and therefore, although we deal with many issues that include highly sophisticated methodology, we try to present first and foremost the ideas behind them. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventory books deal mostly with sampling and measurement issues, as found here in section I, but since forest inventories in many countries involve much more than this, we have also included material on forestry applications. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals mostly with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of world, and section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies. The editors, Annika Kangas Professor of Forest Mensuration and Management, Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki. Matti Maltamo Professor of Forest Mensuration, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Book Synopsis High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing by : Yuhong He
Download or read book High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing written by Yuhong He and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High spatial resolution remote sensing is an area of considerable current interest and builds on developments in object-based image analysis, commercial high-resolution satellite sensors, and UAVs. It captures more details through high and very high resolution images (10 to 100 cm/pixel). This unprecedented level of detail offers the potential extraction of a range of multi-resource management information, such as precision farming, invasive and endangered vegetative species delineation, forest gap sizes and distribution, locations of highly valued habitats, or sub-canopy topographic information. Information extracted in high spatial remote sensing data right after a devastating earthquake can help assess the damage to roads and buildings and aid in emergency planning for contact and evacuation. To effectively utilize information contained in high spatial resolution imagery, High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing: Data, Analysis, and Applications addresses some key questions: What are the challenges of using new sensors and new platforms? What are the cutting-edge methods for fine-level information extraction from high spatial resolution images? How can high spatial resolution data improve the quantification and characterization of physical-environmental or human patterns and processes? The answers are built in three separate parts: (1) data acquisition and preprocessing, (2) algorithms and techniques, and (3) case studies and applications. They discuss the opportunities and challenges of using new sensors and platforms and high spatial resolution remote sensing data and recent developments with a focus on UAVs. This work addresses the issues related to high spatial image processing and introduces cutting-edge methods, summarizes state-of-the-art high spatial resolution applications, and demonstrates how high spatial resolution remote sensing can support the extraction of detailed information needed in different systems. Using various high spatial resolution data, the third part of this book covers a range of unique applications, from grasslands to wetlands, karst areas, and cherry orchard trees.
Author :David Francis Maune Publisher :American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ISBN 13 : Total Pages :688 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications by : David Francis Maune
Download or read book Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications written by David Francis Maune and published by American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This DE Users Manual is designed to help potential users of digital elevation data understand and articulate their requirements in a way that their expectations are satisfied. if you have a dream that DEM's can help you do a better job, or you need to know more about DEM technologies and applications then this manual is for you.
Book Synopsis Trees Outside Forests by : R. Bellefontaine
Download or read book Trees Outside Forests written by R. Bellefontaine and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2002 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees outside forests (including fruit trees, trees in parks, fields, those growing in the wild and as amenities), together with forests and other woodlands, contribute to the structure of the landscape, generate numerous environmental and social services, and yield important food, drink and fuel products as well as meeting other domestic needs of urban and rural populations. However, trees outside forests are not well documented and receive little attention in the formulation of national forestry policy and planning. This publication seeks to fill this gap, by providing information on the role of these resources and options for their integration in territorial management policies.
Book Synopsis Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions by : Hauke Marquardt
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
