Folk Customs at Traditional Chinese Festivities

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Publisher : China Books & Periodicals
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Folk Customs at Traditional Chinese Festivities by : Xing Ji

Download or read book Folk Customs at Traditional Chinese Festivities written by Xing Ji and published by China Books & Periodicals. This book was released on 1988 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

中国十个节日传说

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9787801380036
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis 中国十个节日传说 by : 詹同

Download or read book 中国十个节日传说 written by 詹同 and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes ten Chinese traditional festivals: the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Head Festival, Clear and Bright Festival, Double NInth Day, Laba Festival, and Kitchen God Day.

Traditional Chinese Folk Customs

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Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443884553
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Traditional Chinese Folk Customs by : Zhengming Du

Download or read book Traditional Chinese Folk Customs written by Zhengming Du and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traditional Chinese Folk Customs provides the reader with a kaleidoscopic view of social and cultural phenomena in various different areas and ethnic communities in China, in both ancient times and the present. Although the extent to which such old customs are still prevalent in Chinese society today varies, these traditions have had an undeniable impact on the contemporary Chinese way of life. Furthermore, given the growing consciousness of the importance of protecting traditional cultures, a number of folk customs that had once fallen to the verge of extinction are now being recovered, while others are still often found in Chinese literary works even if they have fallen out of common usage. As such, this book offers interesting insights into an often overlooked aspect of Chinese culture"--Provided by publisher.

Introduction to Chinese Culture

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811081565
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Chinese Culture by : Guobin Xu

Download or read book Introduction to Chinese Culture written by Guobin Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoting cultural understanding in a globalized world, this text is a key tool for students interested in understanding the fundamentals of Chinese culture. Written by a team of experts in their fields, it offers a comprehensive and detailed introduction to Chinese culture and addresses the fundamentals of Chinese cultural and social development. It notably considers Chinese traditional culture, medicine, arts and crafts, folk customs, rituals and etiquette, and is a key read for scholars and students in Chinese Culture, History and Language.

Traditional Festivals [2 volumes]

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1851096892
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Traditional Festivals [2 volumes] by : Christian Roy

Download or read book Traditional Festivals [2 volumes] written by Christian Roy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-06-29 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated reference work covers a wide range of festivals that have sacred origins and are, or have been, part of a folk tradition, a world religion, or a major civilization. Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia travels around the world and across the centuries to uncover an often unexpected richness of meaning in some of the major sacred festivals of the world's religions, the hallowed calendars of ancient civilizations, and the seasonal celebrations of tribal cultures. From Akitu to Yom Kippur, its 150+ entries look at the content and context of these festivals from a number of perspectives (including those relating to theology, anthropology, folklore, and social theory), tracing their historical development and variations across cultures. Readers will get a vivid sense of what each festival means to the people celebrating it; how each captures its culture's beliefs, hopes and fears, founding myths, and redemptive visions; and how each expresses the universal need of humans to connect their lives to a timeless spiritual dimension.

Chinese Festivals

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521186595
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Festivals by : Liming Wei

Download or read book Chinese Festivals written by Liming Wei and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese Festivals provides an illustrated introduction to China's traditional festivals, firmly established as part of China's rich, diverse culture.

Asian Material Culture

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Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 13 : 9089640908
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Asian Material Culture by : Marianne Hulsbosch

Download or read book Asian Material Culture written by Marianne Hulsbosch and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated volume offers the reader unique insight into the materiality of Asian cultures and the ways in which objects and practices can simultaneously embody and exhibit aesthetic and functional characteristics, as well as everyday and spiritual aspirations. Though each chapter is representative, rather than exhaustive, in its portrayal of Asian material culture, together they clearly demonstrate that objects are entities that resonate with discourses of human relationships, personal and group identity formations, ethics, values, trade, and, above all, distinctive futures.

Folk Literati, Contested Tradition, and Heritage in Contemporary China

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Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253046378
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Folk Literati, Contested Tradition, and Heritage in Contemporary China by : Ziying You

Download or read book Folk Literati, Contested Tradition, and Heritage in Contemporary China written by Ziying You and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Ground-breaking . . . has implications for recognizing the existence and value of local, grass roots intellectual agency elsewhere in China and the globe.” —Mark Bender, the Ohio State University In this important ethnography Ziying You explores the role of the “folk literati” in negotiating, defining, and maintaining local cultural heritage. Expanding on the idea of the elite literati—a widely studied pre-modern Chinese social group, influential in cultural production—the folk literati are defined as those who are skilled in classical Chinese, knowledgeable about local traditions, and capable of representing them in writing. The folk literati work to maintain cultural continuity, a concept that is expressed locally through the vernacular phrase: “incense is kept burning.” You’s research focuses on a few small villages in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province in contemporary China. Through a careful synthesis of oral interviews, participant observation, and textual analysis, You presents the important role the folk literati play in reproducing local traditions and continuing stigmatized beliefs in a community context. She demonstrates how eight folk literati have reconstructed, shifted, and negotiated local worship traditions around the ancient sage-Kings Yao and Shun as well as Ehuang and Nüying, Yao’s two daughters and Shun’s two wives. You highlights how these individuals’ conflictive relationships have shaped and reflected different local beliefs, myths, legends, and history in the course of tradition preservation. She concludes her study by placing these local traditions in the broader context of Chinese cultural policy and UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage program, documenting how national and international discourses impact actual traditions, and the conversations about them, on the ground. “One of the most important and far-reaching books of folklore scholarship today.” —Amy Shuman, author of Other People’s Stories

Food and Festivals of China

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 142229448X
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis Food and Festivals of China by : Yan Liao

Download or read book Food and Festivals of China written by Yan Liao and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-09-02 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever seen the boisterous lion dances or heard the multitude of firecrackers in Chinatown during the Chinese New Year? Did you ever wonder what kind of festivals and holidays the Chinese people celebrate? This book takes a look at the fascinating world of Chinese food and festivals. It introduces the most popular traditional festivals celebrated by Chinese people all over the globe, including the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, and two "festivals of the dead." It also examines intriguing ethnic festivals celebrated by some of China's 55 officially recognized minority peoples. Discover the customs, legends, and traditional food and treats of these festivals. Share the excitement of the celebration with one-fifth of the world's population, and enjoy the liveliest component of a 4,000-year-old civilization!

Doing Theology with the Festivals and Customs of Asia

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Doing Theology with the Festivals and Customs of Asia by :

Download or read book Doing Theology with the Festivals and Customs of Asia written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Festivals Together

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Publisher : Hawthorn Press
ISBN 13 : 1912480654
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Festivals Together by : Sue Fitzjohn

Download or read book Festivals Together written by Sue Fitzjohn and published by Hawthorn Press. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book for families and teachers helps you celebrate festivals from cultures from all over the world. This resource guide for celebration introduces a selection of 26 Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Sikh festivals.

A Historical Research Of Chinese Folk Songs

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811276102
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis A Historical Research Of Chinese Folk Songs by : Shulu Chen

Download or read book A Historical Research Of Chinese Folk Songs written by Shulu Chen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances the study of Chinese folk songs through theoretical innovation in literature-based folk songs and methodological innovation in multidisciplinary cross-interaction. It describes the historical development of folk songs, makes an in-depth study of the intersection and integration of folk songs with other literature and art, as well as the relationship with merchants, folk customs and regional culture, and analyses the literature of folk songs in previous dynasties. It is not only significant for the preservation of cultural heritage, but also to the promotion of folk song research and related fields. This book is applicable to scholars and researchers who have in-depth research on Chinese folk songs.

新版当代中国系列-当代中国文化(英文)【Contemporary China’s Culture】

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Publisher : China Intercontinental Press
ISBN 13 : 7508542444
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis 新版当代中国系列-当代中国文化(英文)【Contemporary China’s Culture】 by : 欧阳雪梅

Download or read book 新版当代中国系列-当代中国文化(英文)【Contemporary China’s Culture】 written by 欧阳雪梅 and published by China Intercontinental Press. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 当代中国文化源自中华优秀传统文化,根植于当代中国实践。中国将文化建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业总体布局,推动文化的现代化,提高社会文明程度。本书在概述新中国文化建设演进的基础上,重点介绍21世纪以来中国的思想文化建设,人民文化权益的保障,新道德新风尚的铸造,文学艺术与哲学社会科学的发展,教育科技的进步,文化遗产的保护传承,宗教文化的发展状况,当代文化产业的格局以及对外文化交流的状况,等等,整体呈现当前中国文化的样貌。 Contemporary China’s culture is derived from traditional culture and rooted in contemporary practice. Presenting a general picture of cultural development in the People’s Republic of China, the book mainly focuses on China’s ideological and cultural building, cultural rights and interests, new moral and ethical trends, development of literature, art, philosophy and social sciences, advancement of education and technology, cultural heritage protection and inheritance, development of religious culture, contemporary cultural industry and foreign cultural exchanges in the 21st century.

History of Customs in the Ming Dynasty

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Author :
Publisher : DeepLogic
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis History of Customs in the Ming Dynasty by : Li Shi

Download or read book History of Customs in the Ming Dynasty written by Li Shi and published by DeepLogic. This book was released on with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is the volume of “History of Customs in the Ming Dynasty” among a series of books of “Deep into China Histories”. The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) and the Bamboo Annals (296 BC) describe a Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BC) before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) supplanted the Shang and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The central Zhou government began to weaken due to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times.In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer-lived Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Successive dynasties developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the emperor to control vast territories directly. In the 21 centuries from 206 BC until AD 1912, routine administrative tasks were handled by a special elite of scholar-officials. Young men, well-versed in calligraphy, history, literature, and philosophy, were carefully selected through difficult government examinations. China's last dynasty was the Qing (1644–1912), which was replaced by the Republic of China in 1912, and in the mainland by the People's Republic of China in 1949.Chinese history has alternated between periods of political unity and peace, and periods of war and failed statehood – the most recent being the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949). China was occasionally dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were eventually assimilated into the Han Chinese culture and population. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet, as at present. Traditional culture, and influences from other parts of Asia and the Western world (carried by waves of immigration, cultural assimilation, expansion, and foreign contact), form the basis of the modern culture of China.

Making an American Festival

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520253515
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Making an American Festival by : Chiou-ling Yeh

Download or read book Making an American Festival written by Chiou-ling Yeh and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative history of the largest annual Chinese celebration in the United States—the Chinese New Year parade and beauty pageant in San Francisco—opens a new window onto the evolution of one Chinese American community over the second half of the twentieth century. In a vividly detailed account that incorporates many different voices and perspectives, Chiou-ling Yeh explores the origins of these public events and charts how, from their beginning in 1953, they developed as a result of Chinese business community ties with American culture, business, and politics. What emerges is a fascinating picture of how an ethnic community shaped and was shaped by transnational and national politics, economics, ethnic movements, feminism, and queer activism.

Worldviews and Christian Education

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Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1490700579
Total Pages : 693 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Worldviews and Christian Education by : W. Shipton, E. Coetzee & R. Takeuchi

Download or read book Worldviews and Christian Education written by W. Shipton, E. Coetzee & R. Takeuchi and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christ's instruction to his disciples was to witness to others about his plan of salvation. This may be relatively easy when it involves our contemporaries and peers. But when we are working with people from a different cultural background or belief system, it can be difficult or seemingly impossible. In Worldviews and Christian Education, editors W. A. Shipton, E. Coetzee, and R. Takeuchi have brought together works by experts in cross-cultural religious education. The authors and editors have a wealth of personal experience in presenting the gospel to individuals with various worldviews that differ greatly from those held by Christians who take the Bible as authoritative. They focus on the beliefs and issues associated with witnessing to seekers for truth coming from backgrounds as diverse as animism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Marxism, Taoism, and postmodernism. The emphasis is on educational settings, but the sensitivities highlighted and lessons learned are applicable to situations outside this area. Leaders, pastors, teachers, and laypersons will find valuable conceptual models, practical ideas, and bibliographic references presented here. Worldviews and Christian Education challenges all readers to be faithful to the biblical worldview and to approach everyone with sensitivity, so that, like the apostle Paul, they may reach some.

Between Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections on the Modernization of Chinese Culture

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Publisher : Chartridge Books Oxford
ISBN 13 : 1909287970
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections on the Modernization of Chinese Culture by : Li Zonggui

Download or read book Between Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections on the Modernization of Chinese Culture written by Li Zonggui and published by Chartridge Books Oxford. This book was released on 2015-04-12 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses contemporary Chinese philosophy. It is the is the outcome of the author's own twenty year-long studies on the relationship between modernization and Chinese culture from the perspective of cultural reconstruction and philosophical reflection. The book highlights the author's opinions and research outcomes. Part I Culture 1 1 The Basic Spirit of Ancient Chinese Culture I. Schools of thought on the basic spirit of ancient Chinese culture II. The cultural spirit with humanism as its core 2 Types and Characteristics of Chinese Culture I. The culture of ethical politics that seeks good governance II. Characteristics of the studies of ancient Chinese culture 3 Thinkers and Cultural Traditions I. Thinkers and connotations of cultural traditions II. The major cultural tradition promoted by thinkers III. The main approaches taken by the thinkers to shaping cultural traditions IV. The relationship between thinkers and the cultural traditions V. Absorbing historic resources and reconstructing the cultural traditions 4 The Study of Ancient Chinese Culture and the Spirit of the Times I. The connotation, content and scope of studies of ancient Chinese culture II. The essence of the debate about ancient Chinese culture is how to achieve China’s modernization III. The interaction between ancient Chinese culture and the spirit of the times 5 Ancient Chinese Culture and the Chinese Spiritual Homeland I. What is the spiritual homeland? Anient Chinese culture III. Constructing the Chinese spiritual homeland 6 Traditional Chinese Thought on Humanism I. The indomitable spirit of observing the Way II. The ideal of worshipping the mean and valuing harmony III. The consciousness of tolerance of "cultural China" IV. The conservative and innovative consciousness of evolution V. The pursuit of morality and justice VI. The function of traditional Chinese humanism 7 Issues of the Chinese Culture and the Chinese Spirit I. The connotation and function of cultural spirit and national spirit II. The relationship between Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit III. The innovative study of the spirit of Chinese culture IV. The human spirit, cultural spirit and national spirit 8 The Developmental Direction of Chinese Culture and the Self-improvement of National Spirit: The Efforts of Chinese Cultural Modernization from the Perspective of Three "Cultural Declarations" I. The main content and the value themes of the three "Cultural Declarations" II. The value of the modern neo-Confucian "Cultural Declaration" III. The similarities and differences of the three "Cultural Declarations" IV. The enlightenment of the three "Cultural Declarations" for developmental directions of Chinese culture 9 Cultural Criticism and the Value Reconstruction: A prospective look at the future of Chinese culture I. Cultural critique, values reconstruction and civilization renaissance II. The cultural criticism and value reconstruction in the course of modern history III. The modern spiritual direction of reconstructing the values 10 National Cultural Qualities and Rebuilding the Humanistic Spirit I. The quality of national culture is a diverse and open system II. The value orientations of the human spirit III. The relationship between the cultural qualities of the nation and the spirit of humanity IV. How to rebuild the human spirit V. The main contents of the new humanistic spirit vi Between Tradition and Modernity 11 Economic Globalization and the Construction of National Culture I. Economic globalization cannot counteract cultural nationality II. A rational view of nationalism III. Adhering to and enhancing the cultural nationality 12 Cultural Globalization and Cultural Construction in Contemporary China I. "Cultural globalization" is a factual judgment II. Cultural globalization is subordinate to cultural diversity Part II Philosophy 13 Confucian Cultural Tradition and National Cohesion I. The specifi c meaning of the traditional Confucian culture and its spiritual values II. The cultural connotation of Chinese national cohesion and modern values III. The relationship between tradition of Confucian culture and Chinese national cohesion 14 Confucian Culture and the Construction of a Contemporary Humanistic Spirit I. A rational pursuit of Confucian culture II. The practical needs of contemporary culture building III. The positive value of Confucian culture and the construction of contemporary humanistic spirit 15 Approaches to Promoting Economic Development through Confucian Culture I. Dual roles of Confucian culture in economic development II. A practical approach to promoting economic development through Confucian culture 16 Modernization and Marginalization of Confucianism I. The origin and connotation of modernization and marginalization of Confucianism II. On the modernization of Confucianism III. On the marginalization of Confucianism IV. The tension between the modernization and marginalization of Confucianism 17 Confucianism and Schools of Thoughts in Modern China. I. Tripartite situation of culture: Conservatives, reformists and revolutionaries II. Academic schools of thought: Marxism, Western schools and Neo-Confucianism III. Approaches to cultural reconstruction: Seeking gradual improvement through radical means IV. The contemporary fate of Confucianism 18 Formation of Ruling by Rites in the Han dynasty and its Ideological Features I. The embryonic stage of ruling by rites: The establishment of the country by the Emperor Gaozu of Han to the period of Emperors Wendi and Jingdi of the Han dynasty II. The establishment stage of ruling by rites: the periods from Emperor Wudi to Emperors Zhaodi and Xuandi of the Han dynasty III. The mature stages: During the period of Emperor Zhangdi of the Eastern Han dynasty IV. The ideological characteristics of the Han dynasty 19 The Political Philosophy of Dong Zhongshu I. The political theory of benevolent governance with morality given priority over penalty II. The theory of the historical cycle of three unities III. The theory of political order of "Heaven changeth not, likewise the Way changeth not" 20 Dong Zhongshu’s Thought on Heaven and Man and its Signifi cance in Cultural History I. The theory of mutual interaction between Heaven and humanity II. The theory of harmony between man and nature III. The theory of the unity of nature and mankind with the ruler in the center IV. The signifi cance of Dong Zhongshu’s theory of nature and mankind in cultural history 21 Dong Zhongshu’s Way of Thinking I. The integrated logical approach of analogy and alignment II. The holistic, intuitive and experiential way of thinking III. The reform principles of respecting Heaven and the practice of the ancient times viii Between Tradition and Modernity 22 The Cultural Interpretation of Dong Zhongshu’s ideal I. The great aspiration and noble ideal of the unity of the country II. The pursuit of harmony and fairness III. The strategic vision of long-term stability 23 The Confucian Orientation and Characteristics of the New School in Kang Youwei’s "On Dong Zhongshu’s Study of Spring-Autumn" I. The structure of On Dong Zhongshu’s Study of Spring-Autumn 330 II. The content and themes of "On Dong Zhongshu’s Study of Spring-Autumn" III. "On Dong Zhongshu’s Study of Spring-Autumn" and the Reformation Movement IV. The Guangdong fl avor of "On Dong Zhongshu’s Study of Spring-Autumn" 24 Challenges and Issues of Developing Contemporary Neo-Confucianism I. The dilemma between openness and conservatism II. The gap between the ambition of reviving Confucianism and the desolate reality of the Confucian school III. The confl ict between the traditional values and norms of "Back to Basics" and the modern concept of openness IV. The divorce between the spirit of criticism and the consciousness of self-refl ection V. The paradox between the intentions of modernizing Confucianism and the reality of its marginalization VI. The total lack of an ideal carrier of Confucian values and ideals 25 A Close Examination of the Study of Chinese Philosophy in the 20th Century and a Prospective Look at its Development in the New Century I. The fi rst half of the twentieth century II. The second half of the twentieth century III. Achievements and shortcomings in the century IV. A look into the new century The Postscript of the English version