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Fluorescence Spectroscopy As A Monitoring Technique For Membrane Bioreactor Water Reclamation Systems
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Book Synopsis Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Technique for Membrane Bioreactor Water Reclamation Systems by : Jeffrey D. Scott
Download or read book Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Technique for Membrane Bioreactor Water Reclamation Systems written by Jeffrey D. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shortage of clean, usable water is a global problem (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). As much as 80% of the world's population has been reported to be in areas of high water security risk due to a convergence of factors, such as watershed disturbance, pollution, water resource development and biotic factors (Voeroesmarty et al., 2010). Water reuse technologies are a potential solution to this problem. However, implementation of treatment technologies for improved water reuse require rapid, effective monitoring techniques capable of insuring treatment quality. Fluorescence spectroscopy has shown potential for wastewater treatment monitoring due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and capacity to be employed in-situ. Online fluorescence data and full fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were employed to evaluate the treatment performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) at Fort Riley, KS. Specific research goals were to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence for monitoring wastewater treatment and to determine the contamination detection limit of fluorescence techniques in a non-potable reuse scenario. Study results revealed a two-stage startup period, the first 60 days indicated membrane cake layer formation and the first 90 days showed signs of oxic tank maturation. Fluorescence was found to be effective at monitoring carbon concentration trends throughout the MBR system, showed preferential removal of protein-like dissolved organic matter (DOM), and an increase in biodegradation of DOM as the oxic tank matured. A ratio of the humic-like fluorescent components to the protein-like fluorescent components correlated to TOC removal (R2 = .845, p
Book Synopsis Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Track Membrane Fouling, Failure, and Contaminants in Water and Wastewater Systems by :
Download or read book Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Track Membrane Fouling, Failure, and Contaminants in Water and Wastewater Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to growing scarcity of fresh water resources, the water industry is increasingly exploring the option of water reuse to meet the need for potable water supplies. However, water reuse projects are still facing challenges with public acceptance due to unfavorable perceptions regarding the reuse of wastewater and lack of advanced water quality monitoring tools. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been recommended for water quality and insitu monitoring. The overall goals of this study, therefore, were 1) to evaluate the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy to track small changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during membrane filtration due to fouling and 2) to detect the presence of other contaminants using a 3D bench-top fluorometer in comparison with an insitu C3 submersible fluorometer. In membrane fouling experiments with different water types, the percentage removal of protein-like fluorescent organic matter was greater than the removal of humic-like organic matter, indicating preferential retention of protein-like compounds by ultrafiltration membrane. In addition, the percentage removal of DOM fluorescent peaks was always highest just after the backwash process. These results demonstrate that water quality drops with fouling. Results from the assessment of temperature effect on DOM fluorescence showed that temperature greatly affects DOM fluorescence intensities, and this effect is increasingly more pronounced at higher DOM fluorescence intensities. An equation relating measured and reference temperatures and fluorescence intensities with a temperature correction constant constant (-0.0155) was shown to be widely applicable for correcting temperature for CDOM fluorescence but not for tryptophan-like (TRP) fluorescence. Results demonstrate that the root mean squared error (RMSE) method investigated here produced the best fit to the reference temperature for both CDOM and TRP fluorescence. For instances in which insitu fluorescence data are sparse or data are unavailable at the reference temperature (20°C), specific correction constants were recommended. In contaminant addition experiments, the TRP fluorescence sensor had a linear and significantly positive relationship with contaminant concentration. Results using the insitu fluorometer compared well with those of the bench-top fluorometer. Overall, results suggest fluorescence is well suited to monitoring water quality of high quality permeate or product water in water reuse facilities and contaminants.
Book Synopsis Monitoring and Visualizing Membrane-Based Processes by : Carme Güell
Download or read book Monitoring and Visualizing Membrane-Based Processes written by Carme Güell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-needed critical review of the main monitoring techniques conveys profound knowledge of their fundamentals, possibilities and limits, strengths and weaknesses when applied to membrane processes, clearly demonstrating which technique is most suitable for a given process. A practical approach is adopted throughout, providing case studies for the monitoring of selected membrane-based processes. After an introductory section, the book goes on to look at optical and electronic microscopic techniques, followed by electrical, laser and acoustic techniques, and finishes off with process-oriented monitoring techniques. For both researchers and professionals working in the industry.
Book Synopsis Development of Fluorescence-based Tools for Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Development of Membrane Fouling Monitoring Strategies for Drinking Water Treatment Systems by : Ramila Hishantha Peiris
Download or read book Development of Fluorescence-based Tools for Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Development of Membrane Fouling Monitoring Strategies for Drinking Water Treatment Systems written by Ramila Hishantha Peiris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to develop fluorescence-based tools that are suitable for performing rapid, accurate and direct characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) and colloidal/particulate substances present in natural water. Most available characterization methods are neither suitable for characterizing all the major NOM fractions such as protein-, humic acid-, fulvic acid- and polysaccharide-like substances as well as colloidal/particulate matter present in natural water nor are they suitable for rapid analyses. The individual and combined contributions of these NOM fractions and colloidal/particulate matter present in natural water contribute to membrane fouling, disinfection by-products formation and undesirable biological growth in drinking water treatment processes and distribution systems. The novel techniques developed in this research therefore, provide an avenue for improved understanding of these negative effects and proactive implementation of control and/or optimization strategies. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method was used for characterization of NOM and colloidal/particulate matter present in water. Unlike most NOM and colloidal/particulate matter characterization techniques, this method can provide fast and consistent analyses with high instrumental sensitivity. The feasibility of using this method for monitoring NOM at very low concentration levels was also demonstrated with an emphasis on optimizing the instrument parameters necessary to obtain reproducible fluorescence signals. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was used to develop calibration models by correlating the fluorescence EEM intensities of water samples that contained surrogate NOM fractions with their corresponding dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. These fluorescence-based calibration models were found to be suitable for identifying/monitoring the extent of the relative changes that occur in different NOM fractions and the interactions between polysaccharide- and protein-like NOM in water treatment processes and distribution systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) of fluorescence EEMs was identified as a viable tool for monitoring the performance of biological filtration as a pre-treatment step, as well as ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems. The principal components (PCs) extracted in this approach were related to the major membrane foulant groups such as humic substances (HS), protein-like and colloidal/particulate matter in natural water. The PC score plots generated using the fluorescence EEMs obtained after just one hour of UF or NF operation could be related to high fouling events likely caused by elevated levels of colloidal/particulate-like material in the biofilter effluents. This fluorescence EEM-based PCA approach was sensitive enough to be used at low organic carbon levels present in NF permeate and has potential as an early detection method to identify high fouling events, allowing appropriate operational countermeasures to be taken. This fluorescence EEM-based PCA approach was also used to extract information relevant to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling behaviour in a bench-scale flat sheet cross flow UF process consisting of cycles of permeation and back-washing. PC score-based analysis revealed that colloidal/particulate matter mostly contributed to reversible fouling, while HS and protein-like matter were largely responsible for irreversible fouling. This method therefore has potential for monitoring modes of membrane fouling in drinking water treatment applications. The above approach was further improved by utilizing the evolution of the PC scores over the filtration time and relating these to membrane fouling by the use of PC scores' balanced-based differential equations. Using these equations the proposed fluorescence-based modeling approach was capable of forecasting UF fouling behaviours with good accuracy based solely on fluorescence data obtained at time = 15 min from the initiation of the filtration process. In addition, this approach was tested experimentally as a basis for optimization by modifying the UF back-washing times with the objective of minimizing energy consumption and maximizing water production. Preliminary optimization results demonstrated the potential of this approach to reduce power consumption by significant percentages. This approach was also useful for identifying the fouling components of the NOM that were contributing to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling. Grand River water (Southwestern Ontario, Canada) was used as the natural water source for developing the techniques presented in this thesis. Future research focusing on testing these methods for monitoring of membrane fouling and treatment processes in large-scale drinking water treatment facilities that experience different sources of raw water would be useful for identifying the limitation of these techniques and areas for improvements.
Book Synopsis Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process by : Mudhar Al-Obaidi
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence by : Paula G. Coble
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Advancements in Bio-systems and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment by : Soumya Pandit
Download or read book Advancements in Bio-systems and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by Soumya Pandit and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Biological Reactors by : Faisal I. Hai
Download or read book Membrane Biological Reactors written by Faisal I. Hai and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the MBR market has experienced unprecedented growth. The best practice in the field is constantly changing and unique quality requirements and management issues are regularly emerging. Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners’ perspective and good application examples. Membrane Biological Reactors focuses on all the relevant emerging issues raised by including the latest research from renowned experts in the field. It is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Editors: Faisal I. Hai, University of Wollongong, Australia Kazuo Yamamoto, University of Tokyo, Japan Chung-Hak Lee, Seoul National University, Korea.
Book Synopsis Development of Practical Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Water Quality Monitoring by : Ye Zheng Yang
Download or read book Development of Practical Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Water Quality Monitoring written by Ye Zheng Yang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive research has been conducted regarding the characterization of natural waters using fluorescence spectroscopy, involving complex data analysis approaches not suitable for on-line implementation. This research investigated approaches to streamline data analysis such that assessment of water quality is both rapid and sensitive. A novel continuous mixing and analysis system was developed and applied to two aspects of surface water quality monitoring: quantification of environmental contaminants, and detection of wastewater. Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides were observed to have fluorescence patterns that could be separated using parallel factors analysis (PARAFAC). Reliable quantification of these compounds was achieved at levels typically detected in natural waters. Analysis of wastewater revealed that its presence was strongly correlated to microbially-derived humic-like fluorescence. An approach using of a moving baseline showed that simulated wastewater presence at 1% v/v (wastewater/lake water) was correctly detected in 89% of samples analyzed.
Book Synopsis Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering by : Xuan-Thanh Bui
Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water and Energy Management covers a variety of advanced technologies for membrane processes, including water/wastewater treatment and reuse, membrane materials, operation and maintenance, fouling control, life cycle assessment, removal of micro/emerging pollutants, and operational cost of membrane processes. Supported by prominent editors and global contributors, this reference contains chapters on membrane treatment strategies for the current pollution of complex organic matters, nutrients, toxic substances, microplastics, membrane fouling control in different water resources, and reusing water resources through promising separation technologies, including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation. Delivers advances on membrane processes, including water and wastewater treatment and reuse by membranes Provides state-of-the-art information on design and operation of novel membrane systems, energy consumption, fouling control, etc. Describes hybrid membrane processes
Download or read book The MBR Book written by Simon Judd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MBR Book
Book Synopsis Nanobiosensors for Environmental Monitoring by : Ravindra Pratap Singh
Download or read book Nanobiosensors for Environmental Monitoring written by Ravindra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book entails detailed information on the utilization of nanobiosensor as an effective technology for the effective detection, monitoring, and management of environmental contaminations to ensure its sustainability and humanity's well-being. The higher level of anthropogenic action has been identified as a threat to humankind's existence due to the higher level of xenobiotic and toxic substances that could interrupt the normal ecosystem. This has prompted numerous agencies both locally and internationally that could play a significant role in environmental pollution mitigation. The application of nanobiosensor has been identified as a sustainable technique that could be applied to ensure proper detection and identification of several environmental contaminants. Nanomaterial’s possible applications created an innovative domain called nanomaterials based biosensors machinery as one of nanotechnology's ultimate sub-divisions. The application of nanomaterials based biosensors machinery and their advancements could be applied globally to resolve numerous environmental sectors' challenges to guarantee the environment's quality and safety. The book will be an excellent collection of reviews based on contemporary research and developments on nanomaterials utilization and applications in environmental monitoring along with their prospects. The book will attempt to give a comprehensive idea of nanomaterial concepts for nanobiosensors applications in an environmental context to help students, researchers, and professionals/practitioners recognize nanomaterials' significance in the environmental domain. The book will also help understand and address the environmental sectors' complications via nanomaterials' utilization and applications. Hence, this book will serve as a textbook and will help students, professionals/practitioners, scientists, researchers, and academicians in various research domains.
Book Synopsis Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment by : Thomas Stephenson
Download or read book Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment written by Thomas Stephenson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the subject of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, dealing with municipal as well as industrial wastewaters. The book details the 3 types of MBR available and discusses the science behind the technology, their design features, operation, applications, advantages, limitations, performance, current research activities and cost. As the demand for wastewater treatment, recycling and re-use technologies increases, it is envisaged that the membrane separation bioreactor will corner the market. Contents Membrane Fundamentals Biological Fundamentals Biomass Separation Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Aeration and Extractive Bioreactors Commercial Membrane Bioreactor Systems Membrane Bioreactor Applications Case Studies
Author :Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company Publisher :McGraw Hill Professional ISBN 13 :0071508775 Total Pages :1610 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (715 download)
Book Synopsis Water Reuse by : Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company
Download or read book Water Reuse written by Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 1610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues. Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features: In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool • Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter by : Khan M.G. Mostofa
Download or read book Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter written by Khan M.G. Mostofa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoinduced processes, caused by natural sunlight, are key functions for sustaining all living organisms through production and transformation of organic matter (OM) in the biosphere. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from OM is a primary step of photoinduced processes, because H2O2 acts as strong reductant and oxidant. It is potentially important in many aquatic reactions, also in association with photosynthesis. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be involved into several photoinduced or biological processes. DOM subsequently undergoes several physical, chemical, photoinduced and biological processes, which can be affected by global warming. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO•; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual interrelationships, based on updated scientific results.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
