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Flammable Gas Concentrations In Ex Tank Volumes
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Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Concentrations in Ex-tank Volumes by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Concentrations in Ex-tank Volumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple two-volume model was defined and used for calculating flammable gas concentrations within headspace volumes of single-shell tanks, and within smaller ex-tank volumes connected to the headspace. Assumptions and parameters used to characterize the headspace portion of the model were taken from the GRE Analysis Tool (AT) for simulating gas release events. Additional assumptions used to construct the ex-tank portion of the two-volume model were conservative extensions of those made within the AT, and chosen to simulate headspace to ex-tank gas-flow conditions that would maximize ex-tank concentrations. Numerical evaluations of the two-volume model were performed over a range of headspace GRE conditions and representative ex-tank parameters. To assure consistency with the AT, the range of headspace parameters was taken from 1000 simulated GREs generated by the AT computer code RESOLVE. Based upon waste level fill factors, three tanks (TX-102, SX-103, and TX 112) were chosen to represent typical large, medium, and small headspace volumes available in actual SSTs. Engineering drawings of these tanks were used to determine values of their ex-tank parameters (V2s̀ and estimates for the gas-flow fraction à̀ ̀̀into the specific V2). The results of these evaluations were used to compare time periods for which flammable gas concentrations in the tank headspace and the ex-tank volumes exceeded the lower flammability limit for upward flame propagation. These results indicate that even for relatively small flow fractions, headspace concentrations that exceed the LFI, can cause delayed ex-tank concentrations to also exceed the LFLU. The extent to which this occurs is determined mostly by the geometrical aspects of the model, as expressed in the effective volume fraction parameter.
Book Synopsis Gas Measurement Technology in Theory and Practice by : Gerhard Wiegleb
Download or read book Gas Measurement Technology in Theory and Practice written by Gerhard Wiegleb and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 1307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the physical properties of gases and describes the different measuring methods and sensor principles for the analysis of gas mixtures. The use of gas sensors in different applications is shown by means of practical examples. These applications of the metrological detection of gases originate from many fields of engineering, in particular energy technology, food technology, process engineering, biotechnology, safety engineering, medical technology and environmental technology. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Gasmesstechnik in Theorie und Praxis by Gerhard Wiegleb, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2017. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flammable gases generated in radioactive liquids. Twenty-five high level radioactive liquid waste storage tanks located underground at the Hanford Site are on a Flammable Gas Watch List because they contain waste which tends to retain the gases generated in it until rather large quantities are available for sudden release to the tank head space; if a tank is full it has little dome space, and a flammable concentration of gases could be produced--even if the tank is ventilated. If the waste has no tendency to retain gas generated in it then a continual flammable gas concentration in the tank dome space is established by the gas production rate and the tank ventilation rate (or breathing rate for unventilated tanks); this is also a potential problem for Flammable Gas Watch List tanks, and perhaps other Hanford tanks too. All Flammable Gas Watch List tanks will be fitted with Standard Hydorgen Monitoring Systems so that their behavior can be observed. In some cases, such as tank 241-SY-101, the data gathered from such observations will indicate that tank conditions need to be mitigated so that gas release events are either eliminated or rendered harmless. For example, a mixer pump was installed in tank 241-SY-101; operating the pump stirs the waste, replacing the large gas release events with small releases of gas that are kept below twenty-five percent of the lower flammability limit by the ventilation system. The concentration of hydrogen measured in Hanford waste tanks is greater than that of any other flammable gas. Hydrogen levels measured with a Standard Hydrogen Monitoring System in excess of 0.6 volume percent will cause Westinghouse Hanford Company to consider actions which will decrease the amount of flammable gas in the tank.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-02 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-level radioactive wastes in many single-shell tanks (SSTs) at the Hanford Site are to be retrieved by a modified sluicing method that uses water jets to dissolve the water-soluble waste and mobilize the water-insoluble waste. Retrieval operations will liberate any waste gases trapped in the wetted solid waste matrix, and these gases will be released into the tank headspaces. Because the trapped gases include the flammable species hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, a concern exists that a flammable mixture could be formed in the tank headspaces. This report combines conservative retained gas inventory estimates and tank data with anticipated waste retrieval rates to estimate the potential headspace flammability of selected SSTs during modified sluicing waste retrieval operations. Considered here are nine of the 12 tanks from the 241-S tank farm (241-S-107, 241-S-111, and 241-S 112 are not considered) and Tank 241-U-107. This report is intended to support the specification of process controls that ensure flammable conditions do not develop in the tank headspaces. Consequently, the physical scenarios considered, the models developed to estimate retained gas releases and the tank headspace compositions under these scenarios, and the model input data are intended to conservatively assess the potential to reach headspace flammability. The analyses are intended to address worst-case conditions and establish reasonable upper bounds on the achievable flammability of the tank headspaces. Flammable retained gas inventories, for example, are based on the 95th percentile developed by Barker and Hedengren (2003), giving 95% confidence that actual inventories are smaller than those used in the calculations. Gas releases and headspace flammability were evaluated for three general scenarios: a very aggressive dissolution and erosion of saltcake waste by water jets impinging on the waste surface, the drainage of interstitial liquids from saltcake during a shutdown of the retrieval process, and the dissolution of saltcake by unsaturated liquids during a shutdown of the retrieval process. The simple model of waste retrieval using the modified sluicing approach indicated that the flammable gas headspace concentrations can rapidly approach the action level of 25% of the lower flammability limit (LFL) when the tank is passively ventilated. While it is not necessary to use the portable exhauster to maintain the headspace hydrogen concentration below this action level, retrieval rates would probably be limited by the slow removal of flammable gases by passive ventilation. It was determined that using a portable exhauster anywhere in the assumed operating range of 270 to 475 cfm would prevent the headspaces from reaching the 25% of LFL action level even if the water jets are very effective at eroding the saltcake. Specific guidelines are developed to ensure that, in the event of a catastrophic loss of the retrieval pump and portable exhauster, headspace flammability will not reach the LFL. This report is Revision 1 of PNNL-14271. This revision expands the analysis of interstitial liquid drainage-induced gas releases to address a general retrieval scenario (the previous version of this report assumed a center-out retrieval approach and conditions). Tank waste conditions (waste volumes, interstitial liquid levels, temperatures, retained gas void fractions, etc.) have also been updated from the previous version.
Book Synopsis The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America by :
Download or read book The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
Book Synopsis Hanford Site Tank Waste Remediation Systems (TWRS), Management and Disposal of Radioactive, Hazardous, and Mixed Wastes, City of Richland, Grant County by :
Download or read book Hanford Site Tank Waste Remediation Systems (TWRS), Management and Disposal of Radioactive, Hazardous, and Mixed Wastes, City of Richland, Grant County written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Labor, Pt. 1900-1910. 999, Revised as of July 1 2010 by :
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Labor, Pt. 1900-1910. 999, Revised as of July 1 2010 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A manual for the safe handling of flammable and combustible liquids and other hazardous products by : United States. Coast Guard
Download or read book A manual for the safe handling of flammable and combustible liquids and other hazardous products written by United States. Coast Guard and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual for the Safe Handling of Inflammable and Combustible Liquids and Other Hazardous Products by : United States. Coast Guard
Download or read book A Manual for the Safe Handling of Inflammable and Combustible Liquids and Other Hazardous Products written by United States. Coast Guard and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rules and Regulations for Tank Vessels by : United States. Coast Guard
Download or read book Rules and Regulations for Tank Vessels written by United States. Coast Guard and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rules and Regulations for Tank Vessels (title 46, C. F. R., Parts 30 to 39, Inclusive). by : United States. Coast Guard
Download or read book Rules and Regulations for Tank Vessels (title 46, C. F. R., Parts 30 to 39, Inclusive). written by United States. Coast Guard and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Coast Guard, DOT (Parts 140 - 155) by :
Download or read book U.S. Coast Guard, DOT (Parts 140 - 155) written by and published by ProStar Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry by :
Download or read book Industrial & Engineering Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor (Parts 1911 – 1925) by : Code of Federal Regulations
Download or read book Labor (Parts 1911 – 1925) written by Code of Federal Regulations and published by ProStar Publications. This book was released on with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Construction by :
Download or read book Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Construction written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
