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First Upper Limits From Ligo On Gravitational Wave Bursts
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Book Synopsis First Upper Limits from LIGO on Gravitational Wave Bursts by :
Download or read book First Upper Limits from LIGO on Gravitational Wave Bursts written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the LIGO detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 ms to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine-Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain h{sub rss}; typical sensitivities lie in the range h{sub rss} (almost equal to) 10−19 - 10−17 strain/(square root)Hz, depending on waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors.
Book Synopsis Upper Limits for Galactic Transient Sources of Gravitational Radiation from LIGO First Observations by : Julien Sylvestre
Download or read book Upper Limits for Galactic Transient Sources of Gravitational Radiation from LIGO First Observations written by Julien Sylvestre and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete, scalable prototype analysis system for the observation of gravitational wave bursts with a network of interferometric detectors is designed and tested. This system detects localized transients in the gravitational wave data streams from two independent detectors using a time-frequency algorithm, applies veto conditions on these transients based on auxiliary channels, and looks for significant coincidences between the surviving transients from the two detectors. The analysis system was optimized for setting rate upper limits on three populations of astronomical sources, using preliminary data from the LIGO Project (the E7 Engineering Run data). The three classes of sources were core collapses, bar-mode instabilities in neutron stars, and equal-mass black hole binary coalescences, and a 95% confidence rate upper limit of 2 per hour was set, for sources uniformly distributed within a distance of 6 pc, 950 pc, and 3.2 kpc from the Earth, respectively. A detailed discussion of the character of the noise in the data used to derive these limits shows that a network of interferometers including the instruments of the GEO, LIGO and VIRGO Projects should attain a 50% detection efficiency for these sources out to distances of 40 kpc, 1 Mpc and 40 Mpc, respectively, for a false alarm rate giving expected upper limits of 6, 0.6, and 2. 10-4 per year per galaxy, respectively, for a full year of observation.
Book Synopsis A High-frequency Gravitational-wave Burst Search with LIGO's Hanford Site by : Jacqueline Rose Villadsen
Download or read book A High-frequency Gravitational-wave Burst Search with LIGO's Hanford Site written by Jacqueline Rose Villadsen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The background data are the data from the two Hanford detectors during times when the Livingston detector was in science mode. These background data are used to set requirements for identifying a gravitational-wave candidate in the foreground data, which are the data from the two Hanford detectors when the Livingston detector was not in science mode. The analysis identifies no gravitational-wave candidates. However, the analysis does set an upper limit on the rate of high-frequency gravitational-wave bursts as a function of signal strength and frequency. The upper limits converge to an upper limit of 0.018 events per day, or 6.5 events per year, at the 90% confidence level, for bursts at or above a characteristic strain amplitude of 10-19 strain/JH. This work does not reflect the scientific opinion of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and its results have not been reviewed by the collaboration.
Book Synopsis Gravitational-Wave Astronomy by : Nils Andersson
Download or read book Gravitational-Wave Astronomy written by Nils Andersson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to gravitational waves and related astrophysics. It provides a bridge across the range of astronomy, physics and cosmology that comes into play when trying to understand the gravitational-wave sky. Starting with Einstein's theory of gravity, chapters develop the key ideas step by step, leading up to the technology that finally caught these faint whispers from the distant universe. The second part of the book makes a direct connection with current research, introducing the relevant language and making the involved concepts less mysterious. The book is intended to work as a platform, low enough that anyone with an elementary understanding of gravitational waves can scramble onto it, but at the same time high enough to connect readers with active research - and the many exciting discoveries that are happening right now. The first part of the book introduces the key ideas, following a general overview chapter and including a brief reminder of Einstein's theory. This part can be taught as a self-contained one semester course. The second part of the book is written to work as a collection of "set pieces" with core material that can be adapted to specific lectures and additional material that provide context and depth. A range of readers may find this book useful, including graduate students, astronomers looking for basic understanding of the gravitational-wave window to the universe, researchers analysing data from gravitational-wave detectors, and nuclear and particle physicists.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy by : Cosimo Bambi
Download or read book Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 1895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an updated comprehensive description of gravitational wave astronomy. In the first part, it reviews gravitational wave experiments, from ground and space based laser interferometers to pulsar timing arrays and indirect detection from the cosmic microwave background. In the second part, it discusses a number of astrophysical and cosmological gravitational wave sources, including black holes, neutron stars, possible more exotic objects, and sources in the early Universe. The third part of the book reviews the methods to calculate gravitational waveforms. The fourth and last part of the book covers techniques employed in gravitational wave astronomy data analysis. This book represents both a valuable resource for graduate students and an important reference for researchers in gravitational wave astronomy.
Book Synopsis Launching Of La Belle Epoque Of High Energy Physics And Cosmology, The: A Festschrift For Paul Frampton In His 60th Year And Memorial Tributes To Behram Kursunoglu (1922–2003) - Procs Of The 32nd Coral Gables Conf by : Thomas L Curtright
Download or read book Launching Of La Belle Epoque Of High Energy Physics And Cosmology, The: A Festschrift For Paul Frampton In His 60th Year And Memorial Tributes To Behram Kursunoglu (1922–2003) - Procs Of The 32nd Coral Gables Conf written by Thomas L Curtright and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-01-25 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experimental results with direct bearing on theories of cosmological dark matter/energy, as well as continuing work on neutrino masses and mixing, have invigorated both particle physics and cosmology, and should continue to do so well into the 21st century, thereby launching a beautiful new epoch for these fields. The expert contributions from this conference took stock of these developments. This volume contains papers by over 40 physicists that summarize and interpret the newest findings, and suggest future avenues to be explored. A number of new theoretical ideas are also presented, dealing with progress in understanding the dynamics and symmetries of strings and branes, renormalization in quantum field theory, possible Lorentz violation effects, and related problems. Ongoing and next generation gravitational and neutrino experiments are described, and the issues of unification are dealt with in the context of, and beyond, the standard model. Together, the contributions provide a useful blend of experimental and theoretical physics from many prominent physicists, including three Nobel Laureates. The volume also contains information of an historical nature, concerning the contributions to physics by Paul Frampton, on the occasion of his 60th year, and summarizing the career of Behram Kursunoglu (1922-2003).
Book Synopsis Observational Astronomy by : Edmund C. Sutton
Download or read book Observational Astronomy written by Edmund C. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy is fundamentally an observational science and as such it is important for astronomers and astrophysicists to understand how their data are collected and analyzed. This book is a comprehensive review of current observational techniques and instruments. Featuring instruments such as Spitzer, Herschel, Fermi, ALMA, Super-Kamiokande, SNO, IceCube, the Auger Observatory, LIGO and LISA, the book discusses the capabilities and limitations of different types of instruments. It explores the sources and types of noise and provides statistical tools necessary for interpreting observational data. Due to the increasingly important role of statistical analysis, the techniques of Bayesian analysis are discussed, along with sampling techniques and model comparison. With topics ranging from fundamental subjects such as optics, photometry and spectroscopy, to neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves, this book is essential for graduate students in astronomy and physics. Electronic and colour versions of selected figures are available online at www. cambridge.org/9781107010468.
Book Synopsis Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy by : Stephen R. Taylor
Download or read book Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy written by Stephen R. Taylor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy explores the exciting hunt for low frequency gravitational waves by using the extraordinary timing precision of pulsars. The book takes the reader on a tour across the expansive gravitational-wave landscape, from LIGO detections to the search for polarization patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background, then hones in on the band of nanohertz frequencies that Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to. Within this band may lie many pairs of the most massive black holes in the entire Universe, all radiating in chorus to produce a background of gravitational waves. The book shows how such extra-Galactic gravitational waves can alter the arrival times of radio pulses emanating from monitored Galactic pulsars, and how we can use the pattern of correlated timing deviations from many pulsars to tease out the elusive signal. The book takes a pragmatic approach to data analysis, explaining how it is performed in practice within classical and Bayesian statistics, as well as the numerous strategies one can use to optimize numerical Bayesian searches in PTA analyses. It closes with a complete discussion of the data model for nanohertz gravitational wave searches, and an overview of the past achievements, present efforts, and future prospects for PTAs. The book is accessible to upper division undergraduate students and graduate students of astronomy, and also serves as a useful desk reference for experts in the field. Key features: Contains a complete derivation of the pulsar timing response to gravitational waves, and the overlap reduction function for PTAs. Presents a comprehensive overview of source astrophysics, and the dynamical influences that shape the gravitational wave signals that PTAs are sensitive to. Serves as a detailed primer on gravitational-wave data analysis and numerical Bayesian techniques for PTAs.
Book Synopsis Thinking, Observing And Mining The Universe - Proceedings Of The International Conference by : Gennaro Miele
Download or read book Thinking, Observing And Mining The Universe - Proceedings Of The International Conference written by Gennaro Miele and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-12-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of review articles and more specialized papers on the main issues of early universe physics. Both theoretical and experimental fields of research are dealt with.
Book Synopsis Globular Cluster Binaries and Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimation by : Carl-Johan Haster
Download or read book Globular Cluster Binaries and Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimation written by Carl-Johan Haster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents valuable contributions to several aspects of the rapidly growing field of gravitational wave astrophysics. The potential sources of gravitational waves in globular clusters are analyzed using sophisticated dynamics simulations involving intermediate mass black holes and including, for the first time, high-order post-Newtonian corrections to the equations of motion. The thesis further demonstrates our ability to accurately measure the parameters of the sources involved in intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into hundred-solar-mass black holes. Lastly, it proposes new techniques for the computationally efficient inference on gravitational waves. On 14 September 2015, the LIGO observatory reported the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the merger of a pair of black holes. For a brief fraction of a second, the power emitted by this merger exceeded the combined output of all stars in the visible universe. This has since been followed by another confirmed detection and a third candidate binary black hole merger. These detections heralded the birth of an exciting new field: gravitational-wave astrophysics.
Book Synopsis Open Issues in the Search for Gravitational Wave Transients by : Lindy L. Blackburn
Download or read book Open Issues in the Search for Gravitational Wave Transients written by Lindy L. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The LIGO-Virgo network of kilometer-scale laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors reached a major milestone with the successful operation of LIGO's fifth (S5) and Virgo's first (VSR1) science runs during 2005-2007. This thesis presents several issues related to gravitational-wave transient detection from the perspective of the joint all-sky, un-triggered burst search over S5/VSR1 data. Existing searches for gravitational-wave bursts must deal with the presence of non-Gaussian noise transients which populate the data over the majority of sensitive signal space. These events may be confused with true signals, and are the current limiting factor in search sensitivity and detection confidence for any real event. The first part of this thesis focuses on the development of tools to identify, monitor and characterize these instrumental disturbances in LIGO and Virgo data. An automated procedure is developed and applied to the S5/VSR1 search in order to safely remove noise transients from the analysis without sacrificing sensitivity by making use of the wealth of auxiliary information recorded by the detectors. The second part of this thesis focuses on the interpretation of outlier events in the context of a non-Gaussian, non-stationary background. An extensive follow-up procedure for candidate gravitational-wave events is developed and applied to a single burst outlier from the S5/VSR1 search, later revealed to be a blind simulation injected into the instruments. While the follow-up procedure correctly finds no reason to reject the candidate as a possible gravitational wave, it highlights the difficulty in making a confident detection for signals with similar waveform morphology to common instrumental disturbances. The follow-up also deals with the problem of objectively defining the significance of a single outlier event in the context of many semi-disjoint individual searches. To address this, a likelihood-ratio based unified ranking is developed and tested against the original procedures of the S5/VSR1 burst search. The new ranking shows a factor of four improvement in the statistical significance of the outlier event, and a 12% reduction using fixed thresholds and 38% reduction using a loudest event statistic for a rate upper limit on a mock signal population.
Book Synopsis Exploring Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics in Optomechanical Devices by : Haixing Miao
Download or read book Exploring Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics in Optomechanical Devices written by Haixing Miao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent state-of-the-art technologies in fabricating low-loss optical and mechanical components have significantly motivated the study of quantum-limited measurements with optomechanical devices. Such research is the main subject of this thesis. In the first part, the author considers various approaches for surpassing the standard quantum limit for force measurements. In the second part, the author proposes different experimental protocols for using optomechanical interactions to explore quantum behaviors of macroscopic mechanical objects. Even though this thesis mostly focuses on large-scale laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors and related experiments, the general approaches apply equally well for studying small-scale optomechanical devices. The author is the winner of the 2010 Thesis prize awarded by the Gravitational Wave International Committee.
Book Synopsis Advances in Machine Learning and Data Mining for Astronomy by : Michael J. Way
Download or read book Advances in Machine Learning and Data Mining for Astronomy written by Michael J. Way and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Machine Learning and Data Mining for Astronomy documents numerous successful collaborations among computer scientists, statisticians, and astronomers who illustrate the application of state-of-the-art machine learning and data mining techniques in astronomy. Due to the massive amount and complexity of data in most scientific disciplines
Book Synopsis Proceedings Of The John Hall Symposium: In Honor Of John Hall On The Occasion Of His 70th Birthday by : James Charles Bergquist
Download or read book Proceedings Of The John Hall Symposium: In Honor Of John Hall On The Occasion Of His 70th Birthday written by James Charles Bergquist and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium was a dedication to John L Hall, who was recently awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, (report below). The symposium was a celebration of his striking career in physics and his impressive record of achievements. Papers included in this volume offer brief and personal glimpses of some of his achievements, the research he inspired, and the great friendships he has built.Nobel Prize Report:John L Hall, a Scientist Emeritus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and a Fellow of JILA (joint institute of NIST and University of Colorado) has been awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics.Hall shared the Nobel with Theodor W Hänsch of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics and a professor of physics at Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, and Roy J Glauber, a professor of physics at Harvard University.Hall and Hänsch were awarded half the Nobel Prize for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique. An optical frequency comb is generated by a laser specially designed to produce a series of extremely short — a few billionths of a second — equally spaced pulses of light.
Book Synopsis Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) by : Grote Hartmut
Download or read book Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) written by Grote Hartmut and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has been hailed a scientific breakthrough and one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century. Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy are emerging as a new frontier in understanding the universe.Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors brings together many of the world's top experts to deliver an authoritative and in-depth treatment on current and future detectors. Volume I is devoted to the essentials of gravitational-wave detectors, presenting the physical principles behind large-scale precision interferometry, the physics of the underlying noise sources that limit interferometer sensitivity, and an explanation of the key enabling technologies that are used in the detectors. Volume II provides an in-depth look at the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, as well as examining future interferometric detector concepts. This two-volume set will provide students and researchers the comprehensive background needed to understand gravitational-wave detectors.
Book Synopsis The Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts in Data from the Second LIGO Science Run by : Shourov Keith Chatterji
Download or read book The Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts in Data from the Second LIGO Science Run written by Shourov Keith Chatterji and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) upper bounds are reported for the rate of gravitational-wave bursts as a function of signal strength for isotropic and galactic populations of sources with both abstract and astrophysically motivated waveform. The results indicate a maximum of 0.09 events per day at the 90% confidence level for bursts with characteristic strain amplitude in excess of 10-20 to 10-19 strain Hz-l/2 depending on waveform. A comparison with previous searches demonstrates that this search is one of the most sensitive to date for gravitational-wave bursts of unknown waveform, and is inconsistent with recent indications for an statistical excess of events by the ROG collaboration at above the 99% confidence level.
Book Synopsis Gravitational Wave Experiments - Proceedings Of The First Edoardo Amaldi Conference by : Eugenio Coccia
Download or read book Gravitational Wave Experiments - Proceedings Of The First Edoardo Amaldi Conference written by Eugenio Coccia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-07-26 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves were predicted by Einstein over 75 years ago. Their detection is one of the great challenges of contemporary experimental physics. This Conference intended to honour Edoardo Amaldi for his role in this research and brought together scientists engaged all over the world in gravitational wave experiments with resonant mass, interferometers and space detectors. The book gives a broad view of the detectors presently in operation and of the new generation of interferometric and resonant mass detectors now being built or under design. The book also contains lectures on neutrino telescopes and γ ray bursts observations, underlying the role of coincidence experiments among different detectors in opening new windows on the Universe.
