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Firm Productivity And Exports
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Book Synopsis Accelerators of India's Growth—Industry, Trade and Employment by : Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Download or read book Accelerators of India's Growth—Industry, Trade and Employment written by Suresh Chand Aggarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of distinguished contributions that identify current growth accelerators in India, and suggest policies and strategies to make India’s growth more sustainable and inclusive. The papers are divided into three sections, the first of which focuses on issues related to industrial growth in India. The discussions include India’s industrial development (manufacturing, construction and mining); role of manufacturing; global value chains; and of environment in industrial development. In turn, section II deals with issues related to trade and FDI as accelerators of India’s growth. The respective chapters explore the changing patterns of trade, impacts of technology, and spill-over effects of FDI, to name but a few. Lastly, the third section discusses employment-related issues like measurement of labour input, the dichotomy of the Indian labour market, the nature of firms and employment generation, and impacts of technology on employment. Given its scope and focus, the book offers an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers alike.
Book Synopsis Evidence on Productivity, Comparative Advantage, and Networks in the Export Performance of Firms by : Mr.Luca Antonio Ricci
Download or read book Evidence on Productivity, Comparative Advantage, and Networks in the Export Performance of Firms written by Mr.Luca Antonio Ricci and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper tests the effect of comparative advantage, size, and networking on the firm probability of exporting. The closest theoretical framework is the one of Bernard, Redding, and Schott (2007), with firm heterogeneity across countries and industries. We use a recently assembled multi-country multi-industry firm level dataset, and construct original measures of comparative advantage. The results show that firms are more likely to export if they belong to the comparative advantage industry, if they enjoy a higher productivity, or if they benefit from foreign, domestic, or communication networks.
Book Synopsis Firm Productivity, Technological Heterogeneity and Endogenous Exports by : Emir Malikov
Download or read book Firm Productivity, Technological Heterogeneity and Endogenous Exports written by Emir Malikov and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exporters tend to be more productive than non-exporting firms, and uncovering the extent of these productivity differentials as well as causes thereof has long been one of the core topics in the literature. This paper focuses on the issues pertaining to robust empirical modeling of the intricate endogenous relationship between the firm's export behavior and its productivity. I provide a new synthesized (nonparametric) methodology for the structural control-function-based identification of unobserved firm productivity in the presence of (i) endogenous self-selection into export markets, (ii) dependence of productivity evolution on the firm's past export experiences and (iii) potential technological heterogeneity in the production of for-export and for-domestic-sale outputs. The model offers a useful addition to the toolkit of practitioners interested in studying the nexus between firm productivity and export behavior. I showcase the proposed methodology by applying it to the firm-level data on China's apparel industry, one of the country's most export-oriented manufacturing sectors, during the 1999-2006 period.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Firm Productivity by : Carlo Altomonte
Download or read book The Economics of Firm Productivity written by Carlo Altomonte and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Productivity varies widely between industries and countries, but even more so across individual firms within the same sectors. The challenge for governments is to strike the right balance between policies designed to increase overall productivity and policies designed to promote the reallocation of resources towards firms that could use them more effectively. The aim of this book is to provide the empirical evidence necessary in order to strike this policy balance. The authors do so by using a micro-aggregated dataset for 20 EU economies produced by CompNet, the Competitiveness Research Network, established some 10 years ago among major European institutions and a number of EU productivity boards, National Central Banks, National Statistical institutes, as well as academic Institutions. They call for pan-EU initiatives involving statistical offices and scholars to achieve a truly complete EU market for firm-level information on which to build solidly founded economic policies.
Book Synopsis Microeconometric Studies of Firms' Imports and Exports by : Joachim Wagner
Download or read book Microeconometric Studies of Firms' Imports and Exports written by Joachim Wagner and published by World Scientific Publishing Europe Limited. This book was released on 2021 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microeconometric Studies of Firms' Imports and Exports spans twenty-four papers with a focus on four topics: applications of advanced microeconometric methods for cross-section and panel data of internationally active firms; cross-country studies using comparable data for firms; studies of exports by business services firms; and new evidence on German firms' trade in goods from transaction data. Applications focus on Germany, the third-largest exporter and importer of goods in the world. Some of these papers are "classic" empirical studies that helped to shape the field of microeconometrics in international trade and are widely cited. The two final papers are hitherto unpublished and include new material. Applications focus on Germany, the third-largest exporter and importer of goods in the world.
Book Synopsis exports and productivity-comparable evidence for 14 countries by : Leonhard Pertl
Download or read book exports and productivity-comparable evidence for 14 countries written by Leonhard Pertl and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The authors use comparable micro level panel data for 14 countries and a set of identically specified empirical models to investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. The overall results are in line with the big picture that is by now familiar from the literature: Exporters are more productive than non-exporters when observed and unobserved heterogeneity are controlled for, and these exporter productivity premia tend to increase with the share of exports in total sales; there is strong evidence in favour of self-selection of more productive firms into export markets, but nearly no evidence in favour of the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. The authors document that the exporter premia differ considerably across countries in identically specified empirical models. In a meta-analysis of their results the authors find that countries that are more open and have more effective government report higher productivity premia. However, the level of development per se does not appear to be an explanation for the observed cross-country differences.
Book Synopsis Export Behaviour and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing by : Jens Matthias Arnold
Download or read book Export Behaviour and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing written by Jens Matthias Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exports, Ownership and Firm Productivity by : Xiaonan Sun
Download or read book Exports, Ownership and Firm Productivity written by Xiaonan Sun and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the linkage between exports, ownership and firm productivity. Based on a panel data set that covers over 70,000 Chinese firms from 2001 to 2005, the estimation results provide strong evidence that exports play an important role in enhancing firm productivity. Foreign ownership improves firm performance, but foreign-owned exporters benefit less from exporting activities compared with domestic exporters. These results are robust to a variety of methods used and consideration of endogeneity issue. We also find that the productivity gain from exporting is greater for new entrants into the international market, and the benefit declines when firms become more experienced. Firms that involve more in exports are more likely to develop new product, suggesting that export-market participation promotes innovation.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate, Credit Constraints and China’s International Trade by : Miaojie Yu
Download or read book Exchange Rate, Credit Constraints and China’s International Trade written by Miaojie Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, by one of China's leading economists, explores the past and present of the RMB—the people's currency—as it is poised to compete with the dollar as the international reserve currency. Exchange rate movement and its pass-through to changes in domestic prices have been topics of wide concern among economists. However, relatively few studies have empirically investigated the relationship between exchange rate movements and China's international trade.This book fills this gap, using the general equilibrium theory of the western economic science norm systems, integrating the leading heterogeneous firm theory of international trade, attempting to set up a theoretical structural model for further prediction, and applying the data from sample cases to examine the structural model. This book will be of interest to economists, financiers, and China watchers.
Book Synopsis Does Freer Trade Really Lead to Productivity Growth? by : Lauren Bresnahan
Download or read book Does Freer Trade Really Lead to Productivity Growth? written by Lauren Bresnahan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manufacturing is intensive in the use of reproducible factors and exhibits greater technological dynamism than primary production. As such, its growth is central to long-run development in low-income countries. African countries are latecomers to industrialization, and barriers to manufacturing growth, including those that limit trade, have been slow to come down. What factors contribute most to increases in output and productivity growth in African manufacturing? Recent tradeindustrial organization theory suggests that trade liberalization should raise average total factor productivity (TFP) among manufacturing firms (Melitz 2003). However, these predictions are conditional on maintained assumptions about the nature of industries, factor markets, and trade patterns that may not be appropriate in a developing-country setting. Manufacturing firms are heterogeneous, so the analysis demands disaggregated data. We use firm-level data from the World Banks Regional Program on Enterprise Development, covering Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania for 19912003. Among other things, the data distinguish exports by destination (Africa and the rest of the world), which is important due to the spread of intra-African regional trade agreements (RTAs). Econometric results confirm well-known relationships, such as a positive association between export intensity and TFP, which implies that more productive firms are more likely to select in to exporting. However, we also find the destination of exports to be important. Many exporters have experienced declining TFP growth rates, which have occurred at different rates depending on the country and the export destination. The evidence for learning by exporting is thus mixed. These results add a new dimension to controversies over the development implications of trade liberalization and the promotion of intra-African RTAs.
Book Synopsis What Makes Exports Boom? by : Mark J. Roberts
Download or read book What Makes Exports Boom? written by Mark J. Roberts and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report sheds new light on what makes exports grow. The effects of macroeconomic conditions and policy variables on manufacturing exports have been notoriously unpredictable in the research literature. The research summarized here suggests that that unpredictability can be traced largely to neglected microeconomic characteristics of manufacturing sectors. In particular, the export response to a given stimulus is shaped by the cross-firm dispersion in unit production costs, the extent of product differentiation, and, critically, the prevalence of previous exporting experience. This research is derived from a recently completed World Bank project examining the microeconomic foundations of industrial export booms in Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. For each country, plants were followed through time, and their decisions to begin exporting, cease exporting, or adjust their export volumes were detailed. By focusing on microeconomic characteristics, the authors highlight some features of export supply response not previously quantified. First, export booms in Colombia, Morocco, and to a lesser extent Mexico would have been more modest if large numbers of firms had not decided to break into foreign markets. Second, new exporters face significant start-up costs as they develop marketing channels, adapt products and packaging to foreign tastes, and learn bureaucratic procedures. They become exporters only when the expected profits from foreign sales are large enough to cover these costs, and are unlikely to respond to export incentives viewed as transitory." -- Website.
Book Synopsis Firm Productivity and Exports by : Arne Bigsten
Download or read book Firm Productivity and Exports written by Arne Bigsten and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multi-product Firms' Productivity and Export Behavior by : Jangho Choi
Download or read book Multi-product Firms' Productivity and Export Behavior written by Jangho Choi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this dissertation is to examine multi-product firms' productivity and export behavior. More specifically, this dissertation estimates productivity of firms that produce and sell multiple products, and the role of productivity in such firms' export behavior. In doing so, this dissertation develops a firm-level gravity approach to test whether multi-product firms self select to export or learn from exporting. In the first of part of this dissertation, I examine whether intra-firm resource reallocation of a multi-product firm affects its Total Factor Productivity (TFP). By extending earlier approaches, I estimate unbiased and consistent TFP of multi-product firms using a revenue-based production function. I find that TFP is more likely to be overestimated when multi-product firms' internalized demand linkage is not taken into account. I also find that multi-product firms' TFP decreases as it expands the number of products produced, but specialization of production does not play a role in TFP. In the second part, I present a theoretical framework to derive a firm-level gravity equation. By equating the total demand and total production of multi-product firms, I derive a firm-level gravity equation where export flows from firms to consumers is proportional to the product of economic size of firms, consuming power of a representative consumer, and trade resistance between origin and destination. Using the firm-level gravity equation, I test the hypothesis that high productivity firms self select to export and that the size of export flows is determined by productivity. I find that the economic size of exporting firms and the consuming power of a representative consumer have a positive and statistically significant effect on exports, while trade resistance such as tariff and distance have the opposite effect. I also find that the estimated coefficients of the firm-level gravity equation tend to be smaller than those of the traditional country-level gravity equation. In the final part of the dissertation, I test whether or not previous export experience improves the productivity of firms. Again, the estimable equation is derived from the equilibrium condition presented in the second part. My result confirms that previous export experience indeed improves productivity of exporting firms, but tariffs have the opposite effect. The results of this dissertation reveal the economic behavior of multi-product firms, which usually account for a large of economic activity and output in many countries. Understanding such firms' productivity and export behavior can offer strategies for economic growth and development. Empirical findings of this dissertation suggest policy options including lowering tariffs, and improving infrastructure that can lower transportation costs. Further examination of product range and specialization of production can offer strategies to source exports from small and midsize firms.
Book Synopsis Export Versus FDI in Services by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Export Versus FDI in Services written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the literature on exports and investment, most productive firms are seen to invest abroad. In the Helpman et al. (2004) model, costs of transportation play a critical role in the decision about whether to serve foreign customers by exporting, or by producing abroad. We consider the case of tradable services, where the marginal cost of transport is near zero. We argue that in the purchase of services, buyers face uncertainty about product quality, especially when production is located far away. Firm optimisation then leads less productive firms to self-select themselves for FDI. We test this prediction with data from the Indian software industry and find support for it.
Book Synopsis The Intensive Margin in Trade by : Ana Fernandes
Download or read book The Intensive Margin in Trade written by Ana Fernandes and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Melitz model highlights the importance of the extensive margin (the number of firms exporting) for trade flows. Using the World Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD) featuring firm-level exports from 50 countries, we find that around 50 percent of variation in exports is along the extensive margin—a quantitative victory for the Melitz framework. The remaining 50 percent on the intensive margin (exports per exporting firm) contradicts a special case of Melitz with Pareto-distributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed costs of exporting, all variation in exports across trading partners should occur on the extensive margin. We find that moving from a Pareto to a lognormal distribution allows the Melitz model to match the role of the intensive margin in the EDD. We use likelihood methods and the EDD to estimate a generalized Melitz model with a joint lognormal distribution for firm-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use “exact hat algebra” to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on trade flows and welfare in the estimated model. The welfare effects turn out to be quite close to those in the standard Melitz-Pareto model when we choose the Pareto shape parameter to fit the average trade elasticity implied by our estimated Melitz-lognormal model, although there are significant differences regarding the effects on trade flows.
Book Synopsis The Complementary Role of Exports and R&D Investments as Sources of Productivity Growth by : Bee Yan Aw
Download or read book The Complementary Role of Exports and R&D Investments as Sources of Productivity Growth written by Bee Yan Aw and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines two potential channels of knowledge acquisition that underlie firm productivity growth in the Taiwanese electronics industry: participation in the export market and investments in R&D and/or worker training. We focus on the argument that a firm's own investments in R&D are necessary for the firm to assimilate knowledge or expertise gained from foreign contacts and thus are an important component of the process of learning-by-exporting. Firm-level panel data from 1986, 1991, and 1996 is used to investigate a firm's decision to invest in these two activities and to assess the effects of these investments on the firm's future total factor productivity. The empirical model consists of four equations. The firm's decisions to export and invest in R&D and/or worker training are modeled with a bivariate probit model that recognizes the interdependence of the decisions. We then estimate how participation in these investment activities alters the firm's future productivity trajectory while controlling for the potential selection bias introduced by endogenous firm exit. The primary empirical findings are that, on average, firms that export but do not invest in R&D and/or worker training have significantly higher future productivity than firms that do not participate in either activity. In addition, firms that export and invest in R&D and/or worker training have significantly higher future productivity than firms that only export. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that export experience is an important source of productivity growth for Taiwanese firms and that firm investments in R&D and worker training facilitate their ability to benefit from their exposure to the export market.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Exports by : Young Gui Kim
Download or read book Determinants of Exports written by Young Gui Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to take several key determinants of exports into consideration and to propose an empirical model to identify which factors affect firms' export performance, whether to start exporting (export extensity) and how much they will export (export intensity). Extending the Melitz (2003) model, in our theoretical part, we consider firm heterogeneity in two dimensions; fixed cost as well as productivity. As a result, when a firm with low productivity engages in exporting, there can also be a higher productive firm facing relatively high fixed cost. This allows us to resolve the difficulty in interpreting controversial empirical results, for example, whether productivity or firm size is a key determinant of export. Furthermore, in our empirical part, by using Korean firm-level data, we conclude that productivity plays an important role when a firm decides whether to start exporting, while fixed export costs variables are important determinants of fractions of outputs to be exported.
