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Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1993-May 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 8, 1993-August 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1992-February 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1992-May 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1991-February 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edwin S. Olson
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (283 download)
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by Edwin S. Olson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 9, 1992--August 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of new methods for the production of mixed pillared clay catalysts and clay-supported catalysts and determination of their catalytic activities were continued in this quarter. To demonstrate the reproducibility of the preparative method for high activity iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite catalysts, a new batch of the catalyst was prepared and tested for hydrocracking activity with bibenzyl. This preparation gave conversion and product distribution similar to that reported previously. The mixed iron/alumina-pillared clay was also prepared using a pillaring solution that was aged for longer period of time. To determine the importance of the type of pillaring support in hydrocracking activity, iron/zirconia-pillared montmorillonite was prepared using the same technique as that for iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite. The reaction of bibenzyl with the sulfided iron/zirconia-pillared catalyst gave a lower hydrocracking conversion than the iron/alumina-pillared catalyst. Addition of a second catalytic metal to the clay support was attempted to determine if a synergistic effect could improve liquefaction. Ferric nitrate and stannous chloride were added to the clay, but the resulting catalyst was relatively poor for hydrocracking and hydrogenation compared with ferric nitrate supported on the clay. New disposable iron catalysts with high acidity and surface area are desired for coal liquefaction. Synthetic iron aluminosilicates were prepared by methods similar to those used for the nickel-substituted synthetic mica montmorillonite (NiSMM) catalysts, which are very effective for hydrogenation and reforming of hydrocarbons. The iron aluminosilicate catalysts were tested for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of bibenzyl, naphthalene and pyrene. Pyrene hydrogenation was effectively catalyzed by the sulfided synthetic iron catalyst.
Download or read book Fine Particles Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1992-August 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Report, May 9, 1991--August 8, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient production of environmentally acceptable distillate fuels requires catalysts for hydrogenation and cleavage of the coal macromolecules and removal of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatoms. The goal of the proposed research is to develop new catalysts for the direct liquefaction of coal. This type of catalyst consists of fine clay particles that have been treated with reagents which form pillaring structures between the aluminosilicate layers of the clay. The pillars not only hold the layers apart but also constitute the active catalytic sites for hydrogenation of the coal and the solvent used in the liquefaction. The pillaring catalytic sites are composed of pyrrhotite, which has been previously demonstrated to be active for coal liquefaction. The pyrrhotite sites are generated in situ by sulfiding the corresponding oxyiron species. The size of the catalyst will be less than 40 nm in order to promote intimate contact with the coal material. Since the clays and reagents for pillaring and activating the clays are inexpensive, the catalysts can be discarded after use, rather than regenerated by a costly process. The proposed work will evaluate methods for preparing the fine particle iron-pillared clay dispersions and for activating the particles to generate the catalysts. Characterization studies of the pillared clays and activated catalysts will be performed. The effectiveness of the pillared clay dispersion for hydrogenation and coal liquefaction will be determined in several types of testing.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. This quarter we analyzed products derived from liquefaction experiments using the Fe(CO)5 catalysts, under process conditions where carbon monoxide atmospheres and water contents were varied. During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and CO/H2 atmospheres and determined the product distributions. In particular, the effect of a 20% CO/H2 atmosphere and 50% CO/H2 atmosphere. These conversions were conducted with and without the presence of additional water. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of THF solubility, but the addition of CO seemed to give good yields of oils with reduced oxygen contents. Interestingly when water was added to attempt to increase the effectiveness of the CO by utilizing the water-gas-shift reaction, less oils were observed. It is not obvious at the moment if this reduction is due to emulsions in the work-up or differences in chemical reactivities.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 involves the analyses of the liquefaction products derived from liquefaction experiments using the catalysts Fe(CO)5 and the sulfated iron catalyst, Fe2O3·SO4. We also analyzed the products derived from treating the recycle vehicle under coal liquefaction conditions with no coal or catalyst present, and found that the toluene and THF fractions had low H/C ratios. No CO or CO2 gases were detected after reaction, although considerable amount of methane gas was produced, suggesting that during the liquefaction runs the carbon oxides are produced only from the coal, as expected, but that methane gas is produced both from the recycle solvent and the coal. We now have more information about the recycle solvent from Wilsonville, who report that the residue was 63%, composed of 45% resid and 18% insoluble inorganic (CI), and a distilable portion of 37% (1050°F). During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and H2/CO atmospheres and determined the effect of using sulfated iron (Fe2O3·SO4) as a conversion catalyst. Also, the coal liquefaction recycle vehicle was subjected to coal product distribution. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of oils and asphaltenes but was equal in terms of overall conversion into soluble fractions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO)5 and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (no coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Technical Progress Report, July--September 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new catalysts is a promising approach to more efficient coal liquefaction. It has been recognized that dispersed catalysts can be superior to supported catalysts for primary liquefaction of coals, because the control of initial coal dissolution or depolymerization requires intimate contact between the catalyst and coal. The primary objective of this research is to explore novel bimetallic dispersed catalysts from heterometallic molecular precursors, that can be used in low concentrations but exhibit high activity for efficient hydroliquefaction of coals under temperature-programmed conditions. This quarterly report describes the preparation of two precursors. The first is a heterometallic complex consisting of two transition metals, Mo and Ni, and sulfur in a single molecule synthesized. The second is a thiocubane type cluster consisting of iron and sulfur.
