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Fostering Integrity in Research

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309391253
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Fostering Integrity in Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Fostering Integrity in Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309178193
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new book from the National Research Council recommends changes in how the federal government evaluates the efficiency of research at EPA and other agencies. Assessing efficiency should be considered only one part of gauging a program's quality, relevance, and effectiveness. The efficiency of research processes and that of investments should be evaluated using different approaches. Investment efficiency should examine whether an agency's R&D portfolio, including the budget, is relevant, of high quality, matches the agency's strategic plan. These evaluations require panels of experts. In contrast, process efficiency should focus on "inputs" (the people, funds, and facilities dedicated to research) and "outputs" (the services, grants, publications, monitoring, and new techniques produced by research), as well as their timelines and should be evaluated using quantitative measures. The committee recommends that the efficiency of EPA's research programs be evaluated according to the same standards used at other agencies. To ensure this, OMB should train and oversee its budget examiners so that the PART questionnaire is implemented consistently and equitably across agencies.

Engaging Schools

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084350
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Engaging Schools by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Engaging Schools written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-21 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it comes to motivating people to learn, disadvantaged urban adolescents are usually perceived as a hard sell. Yet, in a recent MetLife survey, 89 percent of the low-income students claimed "I really want to learn" applied to them. What is it about the school environmentâ€"pedagogy, curriculum, climate, organizationâ€"that encourages or discourages engagement in school activities? How do peers, family, and community affect adolescents' attitudes towards learning? Engaging Schools reviews current research on what shapes adolescents' school engagement and motivation to learnâ€"including new findings on students' sense of belongingâ€"and looks at ways these can be used to reform urban high schools. This book discusses what changes hold the greatest promise for increasing students' motivation to learn in these schools. It looks at various approaches to reform through different methods of instruction and assessment, adjustments in school size, vocational teaching, and other key areas. Examples of innovative schools, classrooms, and out-of-school programs that have proved successful in getting high school kids excited about learning are also included.

Conducting Biosocial Surveys

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309157064
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conducting Biosocial Surveys by : National Research Council

Download or read book Conducting Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-02 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen a growing tendency for social scientists to collect biological specimens such as blood, urine, and saliva as part of large-scale household surveys. By combining biological and social data, scientists are opening up new fields of inquiry and are able for the first time to address many new questions and connections. But including biospecimens in social surveys also adds a great deal of complexity and cost to the investigator's task. Along with the usual concerns about informed consent, privacy issues, and the best ways to collect, store, and share data, researchers now face a variety of issues that are much less familiar or that appear in a new light. In particular, collecting and storing human biological materials for use in social science research raises additional legal, ethical, and social issues, as well as practical issues related to the storage, retrieval, and sharing of data. For example, acquiring biological data and linking them to social science databases requires a more complex informed consent process, the development of a biorepository, the establishment of data sharing policies, and the creation of a process for deciding how the data are going to be shared and used for secondary analysis-all of which add cost to a survey and require additional time and attention from the investigators. These issues also are likely to be unfamiliar to social scientists who have not worked with biological specimens in the past. Adding to the attraction of collecting biospecimens but also to the complexity of sharing and protecting the data is the fact that this is an era of incredibly rapid gains in our understanding of complex biological and physiological phenomena. Thus the tradeoffs between the risks and opportunities of expanding access to research data are constantly changing. Conducting Biosocial Surveys offers findings and recommendations concerning the best approaches to the collection, storage, use, and sharing of biospecimens gathered in social science surveys and the digital representations of biological data derived therefrom. It is aimed at researchers interested in carrying out such surveys, their institutions, and their funding agencies.

Decision Making in the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309063477
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision Making in the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology by : National Research Council

Download or read book Decision Making in the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-12 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session.

Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways of Engineers

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309485606
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways of Engineers by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways of Engineers written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-26 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering skills and knowledge are foundational to technological innovation and development that drive long-term economic growth and help solve societal challenges. Therefore, to ensure national competitiveness and quality of life it is important to understand and to continuously adapt and improve the educational and career pathways of engineers in the United States. To gather this understanding it is necessary to study the people with the engineering skills and knowledge as well as the evolving system of institutions, policies, markets, people, and other resources that together prepare, deploy, and replenish the nation's engineering workforce. This report explores the characteristics and career choices of engineering graduates, particularly those with a BS or MS degree, who constitute the vast majority of degreed engineers, as well as the characteristics of those with non-engineering degrees who are employed as engineers in the United States. It provides insight into their educational and career pathways and related decision making, the forces that influence their decisions, and the implications for major elements of engineering education-to-workforce pathways.

The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309470641
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, broad study in an array of different disciplines â€"arts, humanities, science, mathematics, engineeringâ€" as well as an in-depth study within a special area of interest, have been defining characteristics of a higher education. But over time, in-depth study in a major discipline has come to dominate the curricula at many institutions. This evolution of the curriculum has been driven, in part, by increasing specialization in the academic disciplines. There is little doubt that disciplinary specialization has helped produce many of the achievement of the past century. Researchers in all academic disciplines have been able to delve more deeply into their areas of expertise, grappling with ever more specialized and fundamental problems. Yet today, many leaders, scholars, parents, and students are asking whether higher education has moved too far from its integrative tradition towards an approach heavily rooted in disciplinary "silos". These "silos" represent what many see as an artificial separation of academic disciplines. This study reflects a growing concern that the approach to higher education that favors disciplinary specialization is poorly calibrated to the challenges and opportunities of our time. The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education examines the evidence behind the assertion that educational programs that mutually integrate learning experiences in the humanities and arts with science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) lead to improved educational and career outcomes for undergraduate and graduate students. It explores evidence regarding the value of integrating more STEMM curricula and labs into the academic programs of students majoring in the humanities and arts and evidence regarding the value of integrating curricula and experiences in the arts and humanities into college and university STEMM education programs.

Engineering Technology Education in the United States

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309437717
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Technology Education in the United States by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Engineering Technology Education in the United States written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vitality of the innovation economy in the United States depends on the availability of a highly educated technical workforce. A key component of this workforce consists of engineers, engineering technicians, and engineering technologists. However, unlike the much better-known field of engineering, engineering technology (ET) is unfamiliar to most Americans and goes unmentioned in most policy discussions about the US technical workforce. Engineering Technology Education in the United States seeks to shed light on the status, role, and needs of ET education in the United States.

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309057442
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-08-02 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program. This report reviews the four major areas of the program: advanced life support (ALS), environmental monitoring and control (EMC), extravehicular activities (EVA), and space human factors (SHF). The focus of this program is on long-term technology development applicable to future human long-duration space missions, such as for a hypothetical new mission to the Moon or Mars.

Forensic Analysis

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309090792
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic Analysis by : National Research Council

Download or read book Forensic Analysis written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-26 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s, testimony by representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in thousands of criminal cases has relied on evidence from Compositional Analysis of Bullet Lead (CABL), a forensic technique that compares the elemental composition of bullets found at a crime scene to the elemental composition of bullets found in a suspect's possession. Different from ballistics techniques that compare striations on the barrel of a gun to those on a recovered bullet, CABL is used when no gun is recovered or when bullets are too small or mangled to observe striations. Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence assesses the scientific validity of CABL, finding that the FBI should use a different statistical analysis for the technique and that, given variations in bullet manufacturing processes, expert witnesses should make clear the very limited conclusions that CABL results can support. The report also recommends that the FBI take additional measures to ensure the validity of CABL results, which include improving documentation, publishing details, and improving on training and oversight.

The Investigation of the World Trade Center Collapse: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps Hearing Before the Committee of Science House of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress

Download The Investigation of the World Trade Center Collapse: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps Hearing Before the Committee of Science House of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1422333094
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The Investigation of the World Trade Center Collapse: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps Hearing Before the Committee of Science House of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress by :

Download or read book The Investigation of the World Trade Center Collapse: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps Hearing Before the Committee of Science House of Representatives One Hundred Ninth Congress written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Better Aid Civil Society and Aid Effectiveness Findings, Recommendations and Good Practice

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264056432
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Better Aid Civil Society and Aid Effectiveness Findings, Recommendations and Good Practice by : OECD

Download or read book Better Aid Civil Society and Aid Effectiveness Findings, Recommendations and Good Practice written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a resource for implementing the recommendations on civil society and aid effectiveness emerging from the Accra High Level Forum and its preparatory process.

Recommendations and Findings to Improve the Federal Crop Insurance Program

Author : United States. Commission for the Improvement of the Federal Crop Insurance Program
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Recommendations and Findings to Improve the Federal Crop Insurance Program by : United States. Commission for the Improvement of the Federal Crop Insurance Program

Download or read book Recommendations and Findings to Improve the Federal Crop Insurance Program written by United States. Commission for the Improvement of the Federal Crop Insurance Program and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084601
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant by : National Research Council

Download or read book Characterization of Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-09-28 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of EnergyÂ (DOE) disposes of plutonium-contaminated debris from its 27 nuclear weapons facilities at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), an underground repositoryÂ inÂ Carlsbad,Â New Mexico.Â After four years of operational experience, DOE has opportunities to make changes toÂ the costly and time-consuming process of "characterizing" the wasteÂ to confirm that it is appropriate for shipment toÂ and disposal at WIPP. Â The report says that in order to make such changes,Â DOE should conduct and publish a systematic and quantitative assessment to show that the proposed changes would not affect the protection of workers, the public, or the environment.

The Findings and Recommendations of the Department of Defense Independent Review Relating to Fort Hood

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Findings and Recommendations of the Department of Defense Independent Review Relating to Fort Hood by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

Download or read book The Findings and Recommendations of the Department of Defense Independent Review Relating to Fort Hood written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science for Environmental Protection

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264898
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Science for Environmental Protection by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science for Environmental Protection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates.

The Role of Theory in Advancing 21st-Century Biology

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030913417X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Theory in Advancing 21st-Century Biology by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Role of Theory in Advancing 21st-Century Biology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although its importance is not always recognized, theory is an integral part of all biological research. Biologists' theoretical and conceptual frameworks inform every step of their research, affecting what experiments they do, what techniques and technologies they develop and use, and how they interpret their data. By examining how theory can help biologists answer questions like "What are the engineering principles of life?" or "How do cells really work?" the report shows how theory synthesizes biological knowledge from the molecular level to the level of whole ecosystems. The book concludes that theory is already an inextricable thread running throughout the practice of biology; but that explicitly giving theory equal status with other components of biological research could help catalyze transformative research that will lead to creative, dynamic, and innovative advances in our understanding of life.