Financial Sector Debt Bias

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Financial Sector Debt Bias

Author : Ms.Oana Luca
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475552807
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Sector Debt Bias by : Ms.Oana Luca

Download or read book Financial Sector Debt Bias written by Ms.Oana Luca and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most tax systems create a tax bias toward debt finance. Such debt bias increases leverage and may negatively affect financial stability. This paper models and estimates debt bias in the financial sector, and present novel estimates for investment banks and non-bank financial intermediaries such as finance and insurance companies. We find debt bias to be pervasive, explaining as much as 10 percent of total leverage for regular banks and 20 percent for investment banks, with the effects most pronounced before the global financial crisis. Going forward, debt bias is likely to once again gain prominence as a key driver of leverage decisions, underscoring the importance of policy reform at this juncture.

Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability

Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498345204
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Download or read book Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.

Recognizing the Bias

Author : Mrs. Nina Budina
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513527231
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Recognizing the Bias by : Mrs. Nina Budina

Download or read book Recognizing the Bias written by Mrs. Nina Budina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues that asset price cycles have significant effects on fiscal outcomes. In particular, there is evidence of debt bias—the tendency of debt to increase over the cycle— that is significantly larger for house price cycles than stand-alone business cycles. Automatic stabilizers and discretionary fiscal policy generally respond to output fluctuations, whereas revenue increases due to house price booms are largely treated as permanent. Thus, neglecting the direct and indirect impact of asset prices on fiscal accounts encourages procyclical fiscal policies.

Tax Biases to Debt Finance

Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463935137
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Tax Biases to Debt Finance by : Ruud A. de Mooij

Download or read book Tax Biases to Debt Finance written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience interested in economic policy issues. This Web-only series replaced Staff Position Notes in January 2011.

Curbing Corporate Debt Bias

Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475578296
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Curbing Corporate Debt Bias by : Ruud A. de Mooij

Download or read book Curbing Corporate Debt Bias written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax provisions favoring corporate debt over equity finance (“debt bias”) are widely recognized as a risk to financial stability. This paper explores whether and how thin-capitalization rules, which restrict interest deductibility beyond a certain amount, affect corporate debt ratios and mitigate financial stability risk. We find that rules targeted at related party borrowing (the majority of today’s rules) have no significant impact on debt bias—which relates to third-party borrowing. Also, these rules have no effect on broader indicators of firm financial distress. Rules applying to all debt, in contrast, turn out to be effective: the presence of such a rule reduces the debt-asset ratio in an average company by 5 percentage points; and they reduce the probability for a firm to be in financial distress by 5 percent. Debt ratios are found to be more responsive to thin capitalization rules in industries characterized by a high share of tangible assets.

Taxation, Bank Leverage, and Financial Crises

Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475577702
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation, Bank Leverage, and Financial Crises by : Ruud A. de Mooij

Download or read book Taxation, Bank Leverage, and Financial Crises written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That most corporate tax systems favor debt over equity finance is now widely recognized as, potentially, amplifying risks to financial stability. This paper makes a first attempt to explore, empirically, the link between this tax bias and the probability of financial crisis. It finds that greater tax bias is associated with significantly higher aggregate bank leverage, and that this in turn is associated with a significantly greater chance of crisis. The implication is that tax bias makes crises much more likely, and, conversely, that the welfare gains from policies to alleviate it can be substantial—far greater than previous studies, which have ignored financial stability considerations, suggest.

Taxation and the Financial Crisis

Author : Julian S. Alworth
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199698163
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation and the Financial Crisis by : Julian S. Alworth

Download or read book Taxation and the Financial Crisis written by Julian S. Alworth and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how tax policies contributed to the financial crisis; whether taxation can play a role in the reform efforts to establish a sounder and safer financial system; and the pros and cons of various tax initiatives.

Global Waves of Debt

Author : M. Ayhan Kose
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815453
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Waves of Debt by : M. Ayhan Kose

Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.

Debt Bias and Other Distortions

Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498335926
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Debt Bias and Other Distortions by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Download or read book Debt Bias and Other Distortions written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-12-06 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax distortions are likely to have encouraged excessive leveraging and other financial market problems evident in the crisis. These effects have been little explored, but are potentially macro-relevant. Taxation can result, for example, in a net subsidy to borrowing of hundreds of basis points, raising debt-equity ratios and vulnerabilities from capital inflows. This paper reviews key channels by which tax distortions can significantly affect financial markets, drawing implications for tax design once the crisis has passed.

Taxation and Regulation of the Financial Sector

Author : Ruud De Mooij
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262321106
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation and Regulation of the Financial Sector by : Ruud De Mooij

Download or read book Taxation and Regulation of the Financial Sector written by Ruud De Mooij and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-12-12 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical and empirical perspectives on the interplay of taxation and regulation in the financial sector. The global financial crisis has prompted economists to rethink fundamental questions on how governments should intervene in the financial sector. Many countries have already begun to reform the taxation and regulation of the financial sector—in the United States, for example, the Dodd–Frank Act became law in 2010; in Europe, different countries have introduced additional taxes on the sector and made substantial progress toward a banking union for the eurozone. Only recently, however, has a new field in economics emerged to study the interplay between public finance and banking. This book offers the latest thinking on the topic by American and European economists. The contributors first explore new conceptual ground, offering rigorous theoretical analyses that help us better understand how tax policy and regulation can contribute to avoiding another crisis or reducing its impact. Contributors then investigate the behavior of financial institutions in response to various forms of taxation and regulation, offering empirical evidence that is vital for policy design. Contributors Thiess Buettner, Jin Cao, Giuseppina Cannas, Gunther Capelle-Blancard, Jessica Cariboni, Brian Coulter, Ernesto Crivelli, Ruud de Mooij, Michael P. Devereux, Katharina Erbe, Ricardo Fenochietto, Marco Petracco Giudici, Timothy J. Goodspeed, Reint Gropp, Olena Havyrlchyk, Michael Keen, Lawrence L. Kreicher, Julia Lendvai, Ben Lockwood, Massimo Marchesi, Donato Masciandaro, Colin Mayer, Robert N. McCauley, Patrick McGuire, Gaëtan Nicodème, Masanori Orihara, Francesco Passarelli, Carola Pessino, Rafal Raciborski, John Vickers, Lukas Vogel, Stefano Zedda

The Effect of Leverage on Asset Sales Between Financial Institutions

Author : Mr.Sonali Das
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484319052
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Leverage on Asset Sales Between Financial Institutions by : Mr.Sonali Das

Download or read book The Effect of Leverage on Asset Sales Between Financial Institutions written by Mr.Sonali Das and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes how the leverage of financial institutions affects their demand for assets and the resulting value of transactions between financial institutions. The results show a positive relationship between buyer capital and the likelihood of buying assets, and between buyer capital and the value of the deal. That is, those institutions that are the least constrained in their ability to raise funding are those that demand assets and pay more for them. This result does not hold, however, for deposit-taking institutions that had access to several government programs designed to improve their liquidity position during the crisis of 2008.

Global Financial Stability Report, April 2012

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1616352477
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Financial Stability Report, April 2012 by : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Download or read book Global Financial Stability Report, April 2012 written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-04-18 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The April 2012 Global Financial Stability Report assesses changes in risks to financial stability over the past six months, focusing on sovereign vulnerabilities, risks stemming from private sector deleveraging, and assessing the continued resilience of emerging markets. The report probes the implications of recent reforms in the financial system for market perception of safe assets, and investigates the growing public and private costs of increased longevity risk from aging populations.

Pouring Oil on Fire: Interest Deductibility and Corporate Debt

Author : Pietro Dallari
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484389107
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Pouring Oil on Fire: Interest Deductibility and Corporate Debt by : Pietro Dallari

Download or read book Pouring Oil on Fire: Interest Deductibility and Corporate Debt written by Pietro Dallari and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the role of tax incentives towards debt finance in the buildup of leverage in the nonfinancial corporate (NFC) sector, using a large firm-level dataset. We find that so-called debt bias is a significant driver of leverage, for both small and medium-sized enterprises and larger firms, with its effect accounting for about a quarter of leverage. The strength of this effect differs with firm size, the availability of collateral, income and income volatility, cash flow, and capital intensity. We conclude that leveling the playing field between debt and equity finance through tax policy reform would decrease NFC leverage, reducing economic risks posited by leverage.

Getting the Dog to Bark

Author : Timothy Irwin
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513533282
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting the Dog to Bark by : Timothy Irwin

Download or read book Getting the Dog to Bark written by Timothy Irwin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal reporting is intended to warn of fiscal crises while there is still time to prevent them. The recent crisis thus seems to reveal a failure of fiscal reporting: before the crisis, even reports on fiscal risk typically did not mention banks as a possible source of fiscal problems. One reason for silence was that the risk arose partly from implicit guarantees, and governments may have feared that disclosure would increase moral hazard. The crisis cast doubt, however, on the effectiveness of silence in mitigating risks. This paper discusses how fiscal risks from the financial sector could be discussed in reports on fiscal risk, with a view to encouraging their mitigation.

From Banking to Sovereign Stress - Implications For Public Debt

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498342434
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis From Banking to Sovereign Stress - Implications For Public Debt by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book From Banking to Sovereign Stress - Implications For Public Debt written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how banking sector developments and characteristics influence the propagation of risks from the banking sector to sovereign debt, including how they affect the extent of fiscal costs of banking crises when those occur. It then proposes practices and policies for the fiscal authorities to help manage the risks and enhance crisis preparedness.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Author : El Bachir Boukherouaa
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589063953
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance by : El Bachir Boukherouaa

Download or read book Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance written by El Bachir Boukherouaa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Financial sector taxation

Author : [Anonymus AC08741538]
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279187353
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial sector taxation by : [Anonymus AC08741538]

Download or read book Financial sector taxation written by [Anonymus AC08741538] and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The global economic and financial crisis has created important needs for fiscal consolidation. This document analyses potential instruments to raise additional tax revenues from the financial sector. The first section reviews the current policy objectives related to the taxation of the financial sector. The second section sheds some light on the current tax treatment of the financial sector. The third section discusses potential tax instruments to reach the goals. The fourth and fifth section respectively assess the advantages and drawbacks of a Financial Transaction Tax and a Financial Activities Tax."--Editor.