Financial Incentives For Increasing Work And Income Among Low Income Families

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Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Low-income Families

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Low-income Families by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Low-income Families written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of financial incentive programs, which have become an increasingly common component of welfare programs. We review experimental evidence from several such programs. Financial incentive programs appear to increase work and raise income (lower poverty), but cost somewhat more than alternative welfare programs. In particular, windfall beneficiaries -- those who would have been working anyway -- can raise costs by participating in the program. Several existing programs limit this effect by targeting long-term welfare recipients or by limiting benefits to full-time workers. At the same time, because financial incentive programs transfer support to working low-income families, the increase in costs due to windfall beneficiaries makes these programs more effective at alleviating poverty and raising incomes. Evidence also indicates that combining financial incentive programs with job search and job support services can increase both employment and income gains. Non-experimental evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and from state Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) programs with enhanced earnings disregards also suggests that these programs increase employment, and this evidence is consistent with the experimental evidence on the impact of financial incentive programs.

Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Low-income Families

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Low-income Families by : Rebecca M. Blank

Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Amag Low-income Families

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Amag Low-income Families by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Amag Low-income Families written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Law-income Families

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (716 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Law-income Families by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Financial Incentives for Increasing Work and Income Among Law-income Families written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better

Author : Carolyn J. Heinrich
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610446445
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better by : Carolyn J. Heinrich

Download or read book Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better written by Carolyn J. Heinrich and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work first. That is the core idea behind the 1996 welfare reform legislation. It sounds appealing, but according to Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better, it collides with an exceptionally difficult reality. The degree to which work provides a way out of poverty depends greatly on the ability of low-skilled people to maintain stable employment and make progress toward an income that provides an adequate standard of living. This forward-looking volume examines eight areas of the safety net where families are falling through and describes how current policies and institutions could evolve to enhance the self-sufficiency of low-income families. David Neumark analyzes a range of labor market policies and finds overwhelming evidence that the minimum wage is ineffective in promoting self-sufficiency. Neumark suggests the Earned Income Tax Credit is a much more promising policy to boost employment among single mothers and family incomes. Greg Duncan, Lisa Gennetian, and Pamela Morris find no evidence that encouraging parents to work leads to better parenting, improved psychological health, or more positive role models for children. Instead, the connection between parental work and child achievement is linked to parents' improved access to quality child care. Rebecca Blank and Brian Kovak document an alarming increase in the number of single mothers who receive neither wages nor public assistance and who are significantly more likely to suffer from medical problems of their own or of a child. Time caps and work hour requirements embedded in benefits policies leave some mothers unable to work and ineligible for cash benefits. Marcia Meyers and Janet Gornick identify another gap: low-income families tend to lose financial support and health coverage long before they earn enough to access employer-based benefits and tax provisions. They propose building "institutional bridges" that minimize discontinuities associated with changes in employment, earnings, or family structure. Steven Raphael addresses a particularly troubling weakness of the work-based safety net—its inadequate provision for the large number of individuals who are or were incarcerated in the United States. He offers tractable suggestions for policy changes that could ease their transition back into non-institutionalized society and the labor market. Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better shows that the "work first" approach alone isn't working and suggests specific ways the social welfare system might be modified to produce greater gains for vulnerable families.

Encouraging Work Reducing Poverty

Author : Gordon L. Berlin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Encouraging Work Reducing Poverty by : Gordon L. Berlin

Download or read book Encouraging Work Reducing Poverty written by Gordon L. Berlin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Earnings

Author : Philip M. Dearborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Earnings by : Philip M. Dearborn

Download or read book Earnings written by Philip M. Dearborn and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Safety Net That Works

Author : Robert Doar
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0844750069
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (447 download)

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Book Synopsis A Safety Net That Works by : Robert Doar

Download or read book A Safety Net That Works written by Robert Doar and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an edited volume reviewing the major means-tested social programs in the United States. Each author addresses a major program or area, reviewing each area’s successes and recommending how to address shortcomings through policy change. In general, our means-tested programs do many things well, but some adjustments to each could make the system much more effective. This book provides policymakers with a broad overview of the issues at hand in each program and how to address them.

Asset Building and Low-income Families

Author : Signe-Mary McKernan
Publisher : The Urban Insitute
ISBN 13 : 9780877667544
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Asset Building and Low-income Families by : Signe-Mary McKernan

Download or read book Asset Building and Low-income Families written by Signe-Mary McKernan and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-income families have scant savings to cushion a job loss or illness, and can find economic mobility impossible without funds to invest in education, homes, or businesses. And though a lack of resources leaves such families vulnerable, income-support programs are often closed to those with a bit of savings or even a car. Considering welfare-to-work reforms, the increasingly advanced skill demands of the American workforce, and our stretched Social Security system, such an approach is inadequate to lift families out of poverty. Asset-based policies--allowing or even helping low-income families build wealth--are an increasingly popular strategy to facilitate financial stability.

The Impact of Financial Incentives in Welfare Systems on Family Structure

Author : Bruce Stafford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Financial Incentives in Welfare Systems on Family Structure by : Bruce Stafford

Download or read book The Impact of Financial Incentives in Welfare Systems on Family Structure written by Bruce Stafford and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is much debate on whether financial incentives and disincentives in the welfare system affect union formation and childbearing. This report examines the evidence, focusing on studies from the last decade from English speaking countries which look at such measures as welfare benefits, tax credits, and employment programmes, and their impact on single parenthood, marriage, cohabitation, divorce, and childbearing rates. These include studies on the iintroduction of the Working Families Tax Credit in Great Britain; the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the United States; as well as some studies from Australia, including the Family Tax Benefit. The report concludes with the implications for welfare policy in Great Britain, and the methodological problems of researching welfare systems and family structure.

Making Work Pay

Author : Bruce D. Meyer
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610443942
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Work Pay by : Bruce D. Meyer

Download or read book Making Work Pay written by Bruce D. Meyer and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-01-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception under President Ford in 1975, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has become the largest antipoverty program for the non-elderly in the United States. In 1998, more than nineteen million families received EITC payments, and the program lifted over four million Americans above the poverty line. Despite the rapid growth of the EITC throughout the 1990s, little has been written about how the program works or how it affects low-income families. Making Work Pay provides the first full-scale examination of the EITC, exploring its effects on income distribution, poverty, work, and marriage. Making Work Pay opens with a history of the EITC—its emergence in the 1970s as a pro-work, low-cost antipoverty program and its expansion through the 1980s and 1990s. The central chapters in the volume look at the substantial impact of the EITC on work incentives in recent years and show that the program, in combination with welfare reform and a strong economy, has led to an unprecedented increase in the employment of single mothers. In one study, researchers conclude that the EITC—with its stipulation that one family member be a wage earner—was the most important change in work incentives for single mothers between 1984 and 1996, a period when the employment rate of single mothers rose sharply. Several chapters outline proposals for reforming the program, addressing the concerns by policymakers about the work disincentives that rise as benefits fall with increasing income. Finally, Making Work Pay examines how EITC recipients view the credit and what they do with it once they get it. The contributors find that not only does EITC's lump-sum payment increase consumption but it also allows recipients to make changes in economic status. Many families use the end-of-the-year payment as a form of forced savings, enabling them to save for home improvement, a new car, or other purchases to improve their lives, and providing the extra economic cushion needed to move beyond mere day-to-day survival. Comprehensive in scope, Making Work Pay is an indispensable resource for policymakers, administrators, and researchers seeking to understand the ramifications of the country's largest programs for aiding the working poor.

Making Work Pay

Author : Debbie Greenberger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Making Work Pay by : Debbie Greenberger

Download or read book Making Work Pay written by Debbie Greenberger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Finding Jobs

Author : David Card
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610441044
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Finding Jobs by : David Card

Download or read book Finding Jobs written by David Card and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2000-06-29 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do plummeting welfare caseloads and rising employment prove that welfare reform policies have succeeded, or is this success due primarily to the job explosion created by today's robust economy? With roughly one to two million people expected to leave welfare in the coming decades, uncertainty about their long-term prospects troubles many social scientists. Finding Jobs offers a thorough examination of the low-skill labor market and its capacity to sustain this rising tide of workers, many of whom are single mothers with limited education. Each chapter examines specific trends in the labor market to ask such questions as: How secure are these low-skill jobs, particularly in the event of a recession? What can these workers expect in terms of wage growth and career advancement opportunities? How will a surge in the workforce affect opportunities for those already employed in low-skill jobs? Finding Jobs offers both good and bad news about work and welfare reform. Although the research presented in this book demonstrates that it is possible to find jobs for people who have traditionally relied on public assistance, it also offers cautionary evidence that today's strong economy may mask enduring underlying problems. Finding Jobs shows that the low-wage labor market is particularly vulnerable to economic downswings and that lower skilled workers enjoy less job stability. Several chapters illustrate why financial incentives, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), are as essential to encouraging workforce participation as job search programs. Other chapters show the importance of including provisions for health insurance, and of increasing subsidies for child care to assist the large population of working single mothers affected by welfare reform. Finding Jobs also examines the potential costs of new welfare restrictions. It looks at how states can improve their flexibility in imposing time limits on families receiving welfare, and calls into question the cutbacks in eligibility for immigrants, who traditionally have relied less on public assistance than their native-born counterparts. Finding Jobs is an informative and wide-ranging inquiry into the issues raised by welfare reform. Based on comprehensive new data, this volume offers valuable guidance to policymakers looking to design policies that will increase work, raise incomes, and lower poverty in changing economic conditions.

Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States

Author : National Bureau of Economic Research
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226533568
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (335 download)

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Book Synopsis Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States by : National Bureau of Economic Research

Download or read book Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-10-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few United States government programs are as controversial as those designed to aid the poor. From tax credits to medical assistance, aid to needy families is surrounded by debate—on what benefits should be offered, what forms they should take, and how they should be administered. The past few decades, in fact, have seen this debate lead to broad transformations of aid programs themselves, with Aid to Families with Dependent Children replaced by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, the Earned Income Tax Credit growing from a minor program to one of the most important for low-income families, and Medicaid greatly expanding its eligibility. This volume provides a remarkable overview of how such programs actually work, offering an impressive wealth of information on the nation's nine largest "means-tested" programs—that is, those in which some test of income forms the basis for participation. For each program, contributors describe origins and goals, summarize policy histories and current rules, and discuss the recipient's characteristics as well as the different types of benefits they receive. Each chapter then provides an overview of scholarly research on each program, bringing together the results of the field's most rigorous statistical examinations. The result is a fascinating portrayal of the evolution and current state of means-tested programs, one that charts a number of shifts in emphasis—the decline of cash assistance, for instance, and the increasing emphasis on work. This exemplary portrait of the nation's safety net will be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in American social policy.

A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

Comparing In-work Benefits and Financial Work Incentives for Low-income Families in the US and the UK

Author : Mike Brewer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparing In-work Benefits and Financial Work Incentives for Low-income Families in the US and the UK by : Mike Brewer

Download or read book Comparing In-work Benefits and Financial Work Incentives for Low-income Families in the US and the UK written by Mike Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Work-Family Challenges for Low-Income Parents and Their Children

Author : Ann C. Crouter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135623368
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Work-Family Challenges for Low-Income Parents and Their Children by : Ann C. Crouter

Download or read book Work-Family Challenges for Low-Income Parents and Their Children written by Ann C. Crouter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of work and family is a hot topic in the social sciences and appeals to scholars in a wide range of disciplines. There are few edited volumes in this area, however, and this may be the only one that focuses on low-income families--a particularly important group in this era of welfare-to-work policy. Interdisciplinary in nature, the volume brings together contributors from the fields of psychology, social work, sociology, demography, economics, human development and family studies, and public policy. It presents important work-family topics from the point of view of low-income families at a time in history when welfare to work programs have become standard. Divided into four parts, each section addresses a different aspect of the topic, consisting of a big picture lead essay which is followed by three papers that critique, extend, and supplement the final paper. Many of the chapters address important social policy issues, giving the volume an applied focus which will make it of interest to many groups. Serving to organize the volume, these issues and others have been encapsulated into four sets of anchor questions: *How has the availability, content, and stability of the jobs available for the working poor changed in recent decades? How do work circumstances for low-income families vary as a function of gender, family structure, race, ethnicity, and geography? What implications do these changes have for the widening inequality between the haves and have-nots? *What features of work timing matter for families? What do we know about the impacts of shift work, long hours, seasonal work, and temporary work on employees, their family relationships, and their children's development? *How are the child care needs of low-income families being met? What challenges do these families face with regard to child care, and how can child-care services be strengthened to support parents and to enhance child development? *How are the challenges of managing work and family experienced by low-income men and women? The primary audience for the book is academicians and their students, policy specialists, and people charged with developing and evaluating family-focused programs. The volume will be appropriate for classroom use in upper-level undergraduate courses and graduate courses in the fields of family sociology, demography, human development and family studies, women's studies, labor studies, and social work.