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Final Report On The Development Of An Improved Cloud Microphysical Product For Model And Remote Sensing Evaluation Using Racoro Observations
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Book Synopsis Final Report on the Development of an Improved Cloud Microphysical Product for Model and Remote Sensing Evaluation Using RACORO Observations by :
Download or read book Final Report on the Development of an Improved Cloud Microphysical Product for Model and Remote Sensing Evaluation Using RACORO Observations written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proposed to analyze data collected during the Routine Aerial Facilities (AAF) Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) in order to develop an integrated product of cloud microphysical properties (number concentration of drops in different size bins, total liquid drop concentration integrated over all bin sizes, liquid water content LWC, extinction of liquid clouds bw, effective radius of water drops re, and radar reflectivity factor) that could be used to evaluate large-eddy simulations (LES), general circulation models (GCMs) and ground-based remote sensing retrievals, and to develop cloud parameterizations with the end goal of improving the modeling of cloud processes and properties and their impact on atmospheric radiation. We have completed the development of this microphysical database and have submitted it to ARM for consideration of its inclusion on the ARM database as a PI product. This report describes the development of this database, and also describes research that has been conducted on cloud-aerosol interactions using the data obtained during RACORO. A list of conference proceedings and publications is also included.
Book Synopsis Final Report Fir DE-SC0005507 (A1618) by :
Download or read book Final Report Fir DE-SC0005507 (A1618) written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proposed to analyze data collected during the Routine Aerial Facilities (AAF) Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) in order to develop an integrated product of cloud microphysical properties (number concentration of drops in different size bins, total liquid drop concentration integrated over all bin sizes, liquid water content LWC, extinction of liquid clouds, effective radius of water drops, and radar reflectivity factor) that could be used to evaluate large-eddy simulations (LES), general circulation models (GCMs) and ground-based remote sensing retrievals, and to develop cloud parameterizations with the end goal of improving the modeling of cloud processes and properties and their impact on atmospheric radiation. We have completed the development of this microphysical database. we investigated the differences in the size distributions measured by the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) and the Forward Scattering Probe (FSSP), between the one dimensional cloud imaging probe (1DC) and the two-dimensional cloud imaging probe (2DC), and between the bulk LWCs measured by the Gerber probe against those derived from the size resolved probes.
Book Synopsis Final Report for "Improved Representations of Cloud Microphysics for Model and Remote Sensing Evaluation Using Data Collected During ISDAC, TWP-ICE and RACORO. by :
Download or read book Final Report for "Improved Representations of Cloud Microphysics for Model and Remote Sensing Evaluation Using Data Collected During ISDAC, TWP-ICE and RACORO. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We were funded by ASR to use data collected during ISDAC and TWP-ICE to evaluate models with a variety of temporal and spatial scales, to evaluate ground-based remote sensing retrievals and to develop cloud parameterizations with the end goal of improving the modeling of cloud processes and properties and their impact on atmospheric radiation. In particular, we proposed to: 1) Calculate distributions of microphysical properties observed in arctic stratus during ISDAC for initializing and evaluating LES and GCMs, and for developing parameterizations of effective particle sizes, mean fall velocities, and mean single-scattering properties for such models; 2) Improve representations of particle sizes, fall velocities and scattering properties for tropical and arctic cirrus using TWP-ICE, ISDAC and M-PACE data, and to determine the contributions that small ice crystals, with maximum dimensions D less than 50 [mu]m, make to mass and radiative properties; 3) Study fundamental interactions between clouds and radiation by improving representations of small quasi-spherical particles and their scattering properties. We were additionally funded 1-year by ASR to use RACORO data to develop an integrated product of cloud microphysical properties. We accomplished all of our goals.
Book Synopsis Determining Best Estimates and Uncertainties in Cloud Microphysical Parameters from ARM Field Data by :
Download or read book Determining Best Estimates and Uncertainties in Cloud Microphysical Parameters from ARM Field Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proposed to analyze in-situ cloud data collected during ARM/ASR field campaigns to create databases of cloud microphysical properties and their uncertainties as needed for the development of improved cloud parameterizations for models and remote sensing retrievals, and for evaluation of model simulations and retrievals. In particular, we proposed to analyze data collected over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) during the Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), the Storm Peak Laboratory Cloud Property Validation Experiment (STORMVEX), the Small Particles in Cirrus (SPARTICUS) Experiment and the Routine AAF Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign, over the North Slope of Alaska during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) and the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE), and over the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) during The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE), to meet the following 3 objectives; derive statistical databases of single ice particle properties (aspect ratio AR, dominant habit, mass, projected area) and distributions of ice crystals (size distributions SDs, mass-dimension m-D, area-dimension A-D relations, mass-weighted fall speeds, single-scattering properties, total concentrations N, ice mass contents IWC), complete with uncertainty estimates; assess processes by which aerosols modulate cloud properties in arctic stratus and mid-latitude cumuli, and quantify aerosol's influence in context of varying meteorological and surface conditions; and determine how ice cloud microphysical, single-scattering and fall-out properties and contributions of small ice crystals to such properties vary according to location, environment, surface, meteorological and aerosol conditions, and develop parameterizations of such effects. In this report we describe the accomplishments that we made on all 3 research objectives.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720383284 Total Pages :90 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (832 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cirrus Cloud Microphysical Data by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Analysis of Cirrus Cloud Microphysical Data written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment (FIRE) program has the goal of improving our capabilities to understand, model and detect the properties of climatically-important clouds. This is being undertaken through a three-pronged effort of modeling, long-term observations and short-term intensive field studies. Through examination of satellite and other data it is apparent that stratus and cirrus cloud types have the greatest impact on climate due to their radiative effects and ubiquitous nature. As a result, the FIRE program has developed two paths of investigation, each having its own subset of research objectives and measurement programs. The work conducted under this grant was directed toward furthering our understanding of cirrus cloud systems. While it is known that cirrus are climatically important, the magnitude and even sign of the impact is unclear. Cirrus clouds affect the transfer of radiation according to their physical depth and location in the atmosphere and their microphysical composition. However, significant uncertainties still exist in how cirrus clouds form and how they are maintained, what their physical properties are and how they can be parameterized in numerical models. Better remote sensing techniques for monitoring cirrus cloud systems and improved modeling of radiative transfer through ice particles are also needed. A critical element in resolving these issues is a better understanding of cirrus cloud microphysical properties and how they vary. The focus of the research to be conducted under this grant was th data collected in situ by the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft. The goals of this research were to add to the body of knowledge of cirrus cloud microphysics, particularly at the small end of the size spectrum; and analyze the spatial variation of cirrus clouds.Poellot, Michael R. and Grainger, Cedric A.Langley Research CenterCIRRUS CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSING; CLOUD PHYSICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; IS
Book Synopsis A Numerical Study of the Cloud Microphysical Properties in the East China Sea Region by a Bin-type Cloud Resolving Model by : Takamichi Iguchi
Download or read book A Numerical Study of the Cloud Microphysical Properties in the East China Sea Region by a Bin-type Cloud Resolving Model written by Takamichi Iguchi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A system of regional cloud resolving models have been developed by combining a three-dimensional non-hydrostic dynamic model and particle microphysical models that can treat cloud, aerosol and radiation processes to simulate cloud and aerosol stratifications in an area around the East China Sea. Simulations were performed with a nesting algorithm applied to the distribution of aerosol concentration, which is given from a global simulation of an aerosol transport model coupled with a general circulation model, for reproducing the horizontal and vertical distributions of tropospheric aerosols and/or cloud condensation nuclei in this area. The models can compute characteristic parameters that reflect the size distributions of hydrometers represented in the particle microphysical model. These simulated parameters have been compared from those obtained by remote sensing observations with latest satellite sensors. It was found that obtained simulation results well [will] reflect the general feature of the aerosol and cloud distributions observed by Terra/MODIS remote sensing of aerosol and cloud microphysics and Radar-AMeDAS precipitation analysis. Problems in the simulation were a systematic bias in the simulated effective particle radius of water clouds and an overestimation of the total frequency of 1-hr precipitation amount. The particle radius bias was reduced by an adjustment of input cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration based on the comparison with data by aircraft measurements. This result indicates that the CCN concentration affects the cloud microphysical properties and must be given suitably to bring the simulation result to comparable values to the satellite-observed values. On the other hand, the adjusted CCN concentration did not reduce the overestimation in the frequency of accumulated precipitation. The CCN sensitivity test indicated that the CCN amount did not significantly affect the precipitation amount in our cases, where a synoptic-scale forcing such as baroclinic instability was dominant to determine the development of clouds. That was due to a compensation of two competing processes, i.e., a reduction in the precipitation efficiency and an increase in the cloud liquid water amount due to increased CCN amount. A bulk-type cloud scheme can be used to reproduce accurate distribution of the precipitation amount in the short-term simulation for cases in which a background forcing in synoptic-scale is dominant and/or the cloud microphysical properties is not important to determine the development of the field, as in the situation of the weather forecast with enough initialization by observed fields. A bin-type cloud scheme, on the other hand, seems to be more useful for a short-term simulation for specific cases, in which there is no background forcing, and longer-term simulation than a bulk-type scheme. An accurate cloud microphysical property calculated by the bin-model has potentiality to improve the effect of the cloud field to slowly responding processes, such as radiative heating and cooling, SST change and so on.
Book Synopsis RACORO Continental Boundary Layer Cloud Investigations. 2. Large-eddy Simulations of Cumulus Clouds and Evaluation with In-situ and Ground-based Observations by :
Download or read book RACORO Continental Boundary Layer Cloud Investigations. 2. Large-eddy Simulations of Cumulus Clouds and Evaluation with In-situ and Ground-based Observations written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 60-hour case study of continental boundary layer cumulus clouds is examined using two large-eddy simulation (LES) models. The case is based on observations obtained during the RACORO Campaign (Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement [ARM] Aerial Facility [AAF] Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths [CLOWD] Optical Radiative Observations) at the ARM Climate Research Facility's Southern Great Plains site. The LES models are driven by continuous large-scale and surface forcings, and are constrained by multi-modal and temporally varying aerosol number size distribution profiles derived from aircraft observations. We compare simulated cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties with ground-based remote sensing and aircraft observations. The LES simulations capture the observed transitions of the evolving cumulus-topped boundary layers during the three daytime periods, and generally reproduce variations of droplet number concentration with liquid water content (LWC), corresponding to the gradient between the cloud centers and cloud edges at given heights. The observed LWC values fall within the range of simulated values; the observed droplet number concentrations are commonly higher than simulated, but differences remain on par with potential estimation errors in the aircraft measurements. Sensitivity studies examine the influences of bin microphysics versus bulk microphysics, aerosol advection, supersaturation treatment, and aerosol hygroscopicity. Simulated macrophysical cloud properties are found to be insensitive in this non-precipitating case, but microphysical properties are especially sensitive to bulk microphysics supersaturation treatment and aerosol hygroscopicity.
Book Synopsis Testing Cloud Microphysics Parameterizations and Improving the Representation of the Wegner-Bergeron-Findeisen Process in Mixed-phase Clouds in NCAR CAM5 by : Meng Zhang
Download or read book Testing Cloud Microphysics Parameterizations and Improving the Representation of the Wegner-Bergeron-Findeisen Process in Mixed-phase Clouds in NCAR CAM5 written by Meng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-phase clouds are persistently observed in the Arctic and the phase partition of cloud liquid and ice in mixed-phase clouds has important impacts on the surface energy budget and Arctic climate. In this study, we test the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5) in the single-column and weather forecast modes and evaluate the model performance against observation data obtained during the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s M-PACE field campaign in October 2004 and long-term ground-based multi-sensor measurements. We find that CAM5, like other global climate models, poorly simulates the phase partition in mixed-phase clouds by significantly underestimating the cloud liquid water content. An assumption of the pocket structure in the distribution of cloud liquid and ice based on in situ observations inside mixed-phase clouds has provided a possible solution to improve the model performance by reducing the Wegner-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) process rate. In this study, the modification of the WBF process in the CAM5 model has been achieved with applying a stochastic perturbation to the time scale of the WBF process relevant to both ice and snow to account for the heterogeneous mixture of cloud liquid and ice. Our results show that the modification of the WBF process improves the modeled phase partition in mixed-phase clouds. The seasonality of mixed-phase cloud properties is also better captured in the model compared with long-term ground-based remote sensing observations. Furthermore, the phase partitioning is insensitive to the reassignment time step of perturbations.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Multisensor Methods for EarthCare Mission Based on A-Train and Airborne Measurements by : Quitterie Cazenave
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Multisensor Methods for EarthCare Mission Based on A-Train and Airborne Measurements written by Quitterie Cazenave and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of ice clouds on the water cycle and radiative budget is still uncertain due to the complexity of cloud processes that makes it difficult to acquire adequate observations of ice cloud properties and parameterize them into General Circulation Models. Passive and active remote sensing instruments, radiometers, radars and lidars, are commonly used to study ice clouds. Inferring cloud microphysical properties (extinction, ice water content, effective radius, ...) can be done from one instrument only, or from the synergy of several. The interest of using instrumental synergies to retrieve cloud properties is that it can reduce the uncertainties due to the shortcomings of the different instruments taken separately. The A-Train constellation of satellites has considerably improved our knowledge of clouds. Since 2006, the 532nm backscattering lidar CALIOP on board the satellite CALIPSO and the 94GHz cloud radar CPR on board the satellite CloudSat have acquired cloud vertical profiles globally and many lidar-radar synergetic methods have been adapted to CloudSat and CALIPSO data. In 2021 will be launched a new satellite, EarthCARE, boarding state of the art remote sensing instrumentation, in particular ATLID, a High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) at 355nm and a Doppler cloud radar at 94 GHz. The main mission of this satellite is to quantify interactions between clouds, aerosols and the Earth's radiation budget in order to improve weather prediction and climate models. Thanks to its advanced instrumentation mounted on a single platform, this new mission is expected to provide unprecedented observations of clouds from space. However, to do so, the synergistic algorithms that were developed for A-Train measurements have to be adapted to this new instrumental configuration. During my PhD, I focused on the Varcloud algorithm that was developed in 2007 by Delanoë and Hogan, based on a variational technique. The first part of the work consisted in adapting some parameters of the microphysical model of the algorithm to recent studies of a large dataset of in-situ measurements. In particular, the questions of a parameterization of the lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio and the choice of the mass-size relationship for ice crystals were addressed. The second part of my work consisted in adapting the Varcloud retrieval algorithm to airborne platforms. Airborne platforms are ideal to prepare and validate space missions, allowing for direct underpasses of spaceborne instruments. Moreover, German and French aircraft, respectively HALO and French Falcon 20 have very complementary payloads and are perfectly designed for the preparation, the calibration and the validation of EarthCare. Both aircraft board a high spectral resolution lidar (355 nm on the French Falcon and 532 nm on the HALO) and a Doppler radar at 36 GHz (HALO) and 95 GHz (Falcon). In fall 2016 a field campaign related to the NAWDEX project took place in Iceland, Keflavik with both aircraft involved. The measurements collected during this campaign provide an interesting dataset to characterize cloud microphysics and dynamics in the North Atlantic, which are of high interest regarding the Cloudsat-CALIPSO and EarthCARE missions. In addition, a series of common legs with the same cloud scene observed by both platforms were performed, providing data to study the influence of the instrumental configuration on the retrieved ice cloud properties.
Book Synopsis Additional Development of Remote Sensing Techniques for Observing Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties of Clouds and Tests Using a New, Robust CO2 Lidar. Annual Progress Report, August 15, 1994--August 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Additional Development of Remote Sensing Techniques for Observing Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties of Clouds and Tests Using a New, Robust CO2 Lidar. Annual Progress Report, August 15, 1994--August 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bulk morphology and microphysical characteristics of a cloud are both important in determining the cloud's effect on radiative transfer. A better understanding of all these properties, and the links among them, are needed for developing adequate parameterizations of these components in climate models. The objective of this project is to develop remote sensing techniques for observing key cloud properties, including the linkages. The research has technique development and instrument development prongs.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Clouds and Precipitation by : Constantin Andronache
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Clouds and Precipitation written by Constantin Andronache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current applications of remote sensing techniques for clouds and precipitation for the benefit of students, educators, and scientists. It covers ground-based systems such as weather radars and spaceborne instruments on satellites. Measurements and modeling of precipitation are at the core of weather forecasting, and long-term observations of the cloud system are vital to improving atmospheric models and climate projections. The first section of the book focuses on the use of ground-based weather radars to observe and measure precipitation and to detect and forecast storms, thunderstorms, and tornadoes. It also discusses the observation of clouds using ground-based millimeter radar. The second part of the book concentrates on spaceborne remote sensing of clouds and precipitation. It includes cases from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, using satellite radars to observe precipitation systems. Then, the focus is on global cloud observations from the ClaudSat, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), including a perspective on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite. It also addresses global atmospheric water vapor profiling for clear and cloudy conditions using microwave observations. The final part of this volume provides a perspective into advances in cloud modeling using remote sensing observations.
Download or read book Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report on the final phase of the project describes improvements in the ice and liquid cloud retrieval algorithms due to the use of three-parameter particle size distributions in which all three parameters may vary with height, testing of the improved retrievals by comparisons of measured and calculated fluxes, and further improvement in liquid retrievals obtained by adding liquid water path information from the microwave radiometer to radar and visible optical depth information.
Book Synopsis Linking Remote-sensing Technology and Global Needs: Report by :
Download or read book Linking Remote-sensing Technology and Global Needs: Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Report for Grant DE-FG02-06ER64182 by :
Download or read book Final Report for Grant DE-FG02-06ER64182 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall aim of the larger collaborative effort of which this project was part was to evaluate and improve the cloud system resolving model (CSRM) at the heart of the multi-scale modeling framework (MMF). Our task at the University of Colorado our effort was to develop methods that would let us evaluate the performance of cloud-scale models at the ARM SGP site using ARM remote sensing products.
Book Synopsis FINAL REPORT (DE-FG02-97ER62338) by :
Download or read book FINAL REPORT (DE-FG02-97ER62338) written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our overall goal is the development of new and improved parameterizations of cloud-radiation effects and related processes, using ARM data at all three ARM sites, and the implementation and testing of these parameterizations in global models. To test recently developed prognostic parameterizations based on detailed cloud microphysics, we have compared SCM (single-column model) output with ARM observations at the SGP, NSA and TWP sites. We focus on the predicted cloud amounts and on a suite of radiative quantities strongly dependent on clouds, such as downwelling surface shortwave radiation. Our results demonstrate the superiority of parameterizations based on comprehensive treatments of cloud microphysics and cloud-radiative interactions. At the SGP and NSA sites, the SCM results simulate the ARM measurements well and are demonstrably more realistic than typical parameterizations found in conventional operational forecasting models. At the TWP site, the model performance depends strongly on details of the scheme, and the results of our diagnostic tests suggest ways to develop improved parameterizations better suited to simulating cloud-radiation interactions in the tropics generally. These advances have made it possible to take the next step and build on this progress, by incorporating our parameterization schemes in state-of-the-art three-dimensional atmospheric models, and diagnosing and evaluating the results using independent data. Because the improved cloud-radiation results have been obtained largely via implementing detailed and physically comprehensive cloud microphysics, we anticipate that improved predictions of hydrologic cycle components, and hence of precipitation, may also be achievable.
Book Synopsis Studies of Mixed-phase Cloud Microphysics Using an In-situ Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform by : Robyn D. Williams
Download or read book Studies of Mixed-phase Cloud Microphysics Using an In-situ Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform written by Robyn D. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds cover between 20% - 50% of the globe and are an essential component in the climate. The improved understanding of ice cloud microphysical properties is contingent on acquiring and analyzing in-situ and remote sensing data from cirrus clouds. In-situ observations of microphysical properties of ice and mixed-phase clouds using the mini-Video Ice Particle Sizer (mini-VIPS) aboard robotic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a promising and powerful platform for obtaining valuable data in a cost-effective, safe, and long-term manner. The purpose of this study is to better understand cirrus microphysical properties by analyzing the effectiveness of the mini-VIPS/UAV in-situ platform. The specific goals include: (1) To validate the mini-VIPS performance by comparing the mini-VIPS data retrieved during an Artic UAV mission with data retrieved from the millimeterwavelength cloud radar (MMCR) at the Barrow ARM/CART site. (2) To analyze mini-VIPS data to survey the properties of high latitude mixedphase clouds The intercomparison between in-situ and remote sensing measurements was carried out by comparing reflectivity values calculated from in-situ measurements with observations from the MMCR facility. Good agreement between observations and measurements is obtained during the time frame where the sampled volume was saturated with respect to ice. We also have 12 shown that the degree of closure between calculated and observed reflectivity strongly correlates with the assumption of ice crystal geometry observed in the mini-VIPS images. The good correlation increases the confidence in mini-VIPS and MMCR measurements. Finally, the size distribution and ice crystal geometry obtained from the data analysis is consistent with published literature for similar conditions of temperature and ice supersaturation.
Book Synopsis Machine-learning Based Observational Cloud Products for Process-oriented Climate Model Evaluation by : Arndt Kaps
Download or read book Machine-learning Based Observational Cloud Products for Process-oriented Climate Model Evaluation written by Arndt Kaps and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of clouds in regulating the Earth's energy balance as well as moisture and heat distributions cannot be overstated. Consequently, clouds have a considerable influence on the trajectory of anthropogenic climate change, of which possible scenarios are being studied with global climate models (GCMs). Uncertainties from the representation of clouds in GCMs have been identified as a leading cause of inter-model spread in climate projections. Our current understanding of clouds and the processes relevant to their formation and effect on climate is informed partly by observations from remote sensing instruments aboard orbital satellites. This thesis introduces new methods of characterizing clouds from space with the help of machine learning and neural networks. The purpose of these methods is to improve the understanding of and reduce the uncertainties in climate projections by providing satellite products that are objectively interpretable and consistently comparable to GCM output. The methods explored in this thesis highlight that machine learning and especially neural networks have the potential to improve multiple aspects of climate science. The presented results show that cloud classes can be reliably obtained from low-resolution data to improve their interpretability. They further show that comparison between climate models and observations can potentially be simplified with machine learning.
