Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Feeding Behavior In Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions
Download Feeding Behavior In Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Feeding Behavior In Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Feeding Behavior in Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions by : Michael Allan Smith
Download or read book Feeding Behavior in Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions written by Michael Allan Smith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feeding Behavior in Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions by : Michael Allan Smith
Download or read book Feeding Behavior in Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions written by Michael Allan Smith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Spring Sheep Grazing on the Forage Intake and Quality of Diets Consumed by Pen-reared Mule Deer Under Winter-range Conditions by : Kenneth Owen Fulgham
Download or read book Influence of Spring Sheep Grazing on the Forage Intake and Quality of Diets Consumed by Pen-reared Mule Deer Under Winter-range Conditions written by Kenneth Owen Fulgham and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the nutritional responses of mule deer during winter on range subjected to a system of spring livestock grazing. The specific purposes were 1) to determine the quality (crude protein, digestible energy, and digestibility) of diets consumed by mule deer in winter on ranges grazed and ungrazed by sheep in spring, 2) to determine the level of forage intake, as determined by the external indicator chromic oxide, for deer under the same grazing regimes, 3) to compare forage intake estimates determined by the external indicator (chromic oxide) with results obtained by ocular estimation, and 4) to determine the forage intake level and quality consumed by fawns, adult does, and yearling male castrates used as experimental subjects during one season of the study. The study was conducted within the framework of a completely random experimental design with two treatments. Variables noted for each unit observed included treatment (previously grazed and not grazed by sheep), season (early-winter versus late-winter), weeks within season (four weeks per season), and sex-age class of animal (fawns, does, castrates). The study site, located at Hardware Ranch, Cache County, Utah, was a shrub:grass:forb community with sagebrush and bitterbrush as co-dominants. Two adjacent 2.4 hectare pastures were fenced. A sheep grazing treatment of 150 sheep days per hectare was applied in late May, 1974 and again in late May, 1975 to one pasture. Hand-reared mule deer were placed in each pasture at a stocking rate of about 100 deer days per hectare for three six-week seasons, two beginning in early November 1974 and 1975, and the other beginning near the middle of March, 1975. Artificial diets were carefully formulated for analyses of the forage quality indices. These formulations were based on the determined botanical composition of diets consumed by the mule deer. Forage intake was determined for two seasons by use of the external indicator method utilizing chromic oxide and these values derived were compared to intake levels determined by an ocular estimation method. No treatment differences existed for forage quality across the three seasons of this study. Mean values for the three qualitative parameters evaluated were: crude protein content, 9.9 percent; digestible energy content, 2.2 kcals/g forage consumed; and dry matter digestibility, 45.5 percent. There were no treatment differences in the level of forage intake, as determined by the external indicator, across two seasons of this study. Mean intake level was 38.1 g/kg body weight per day. No treatment differences existed for the ocular estimation method of determining forage intake and this method was judged to be inferior to the external indicator method of determining forage intake. Few temporal changes between treatments occurred in forage quality and quantity during the early-winter seasons. Some temporal differences between treatments did exist for forage quality and quantity during the late weeks of the late-winter 1975 season. Deer displayed a marked shift from browse to herbaceous plant material during spring green-up. Deer on the pasture previously grazed by sheep began this shift about one week earlier than those deer on the pasture not grazed by sheep. Interpretation of the results of the forage quality and forage quantity evaluations suggest that deer on the sheep- grazed treatment deferred use of available browse plants and consumed more herbaceous plant material. Therefore, by shortening the length of time that over-wintering deer are dependent upon a browse-dominated diet of lower palatability, lowered quality, and lowered intake, the animals should survive the winter in better physical condition. Thus, this study has shown that sheep grazing of mule deer winter range caused no detriment to the nutritional well-being and may indeed benefit deer to a small degree, particularly at the time of spring green-up. This suggests that a greater animal production per unit area of rangeland can be realized through common use grazing.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range (Classic Reprint) by : William Burgess Fowler
Download or read book Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range (Classic Reprint) written by William Burgess Fowler and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-09 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range As weather conditions worsen with the onset of winter in eastern Oregon, deer migrate from the forests of the Wallowa Mountains to the surrounding rangelands (fig. Those moving south concentrate on the benchlands near the Powder River (fig. In an area ranging from 1 to 10 miles wide by 40 miles long to 16 km by 64 km), designated here as the Keating Winter Range. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Sagebrush Ecosystem written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mule Deer written by Erwin A. Bauer and published by Voyageur Press (MN). This book was released on 1995 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the mule deer, native of North America, discussing its physical characteristics, habitats, and behavior.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.
Book Synopsis Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range by :
Download or read book Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index: Agriculture by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index: Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range by : William Burgess Fowler
Download or read book Behavior of Mule Deer on the Keating Winter Range written by William Burgess Fowler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feeding Behavior and Habitat Selection of Mule Deer and Elk on Northern Utah Summer Range by : W. B. Collins
Download or read book Feeding Behavior and Habitat Selection of Mule Deer and Elk on Northern Utah Summer Range written by W. B. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Range and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation by :
Download or read book Range and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Game Research Report by : Colorado. Division of Wildlife
Download or read book Game Research Report written by Colorado. Division of Wildlife and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FA Report Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: